Hebrew word order

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
2. 520791
3. -
4. -
6. -
8. S
9. -
10. 363939
1. וְ,עַתָּה
2. 520792,520793
3. and now
4. -
5. 6258
6. S-C,D
7. and=now
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363940
1. אֲגַלֶּה
2. 520794
3. I will uncover
4. -
5. 1540
6. V-Vpi1cs
7. I_will_uncover
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363941
1. אֶת
2. 520795
3. DOM
4. -
5. 853
6. O-To
7. DOM
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363942
2. 520796
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 363943
1. נַבְלֻתָ,הּ
2. 520797,520798
3. lewdness of her
4. -
5. 5040
6. O-Ncfsc,Sp3fs
7. lewdness_of,her
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363944
1. לְ,עֵינֵי
2. 520799,520800
3. to the eyes of
4. -
6. S-R,Ncbdc
7. to,the_eyes_of
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363945
1. מְאַהֲבֶי,הָ
2. 520801,520802
3. her lovers
4. lovers
5. 157
6. S-Vprmpc,Sp3fs
7. of,her_lovers
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363946
1. וְ,אִישׁ
2. 520803,520804
3. and anyone
4. -
5. 376
6. S-C,Ncmsa
7. and,anyone
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363947
1. לֹא
2. 520805
3. not
4. -
5. 3808
6. S-Tn
7. not
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363948
2. 520806
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 363949
1. יַצִּילֶ,נָּה
2. 520807,520808
3. he will deliver her
4. -
5. 5337
6. VO-Vhi3ms,Sp3fs
7. he,will_deliver_her
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363950
1. מִ,יָּדִ,י
2. 520809,520810,520811
3. from hand of my
4. -
5. 3027
6. S-R,Ncbsc,Sp1cs
7. from,hand_of,my
8. -
9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
10. 363951
2. 520812
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 363952

OET (OET-RV) “I’ll destroy her grapevines and her fig trees,
⇔ of which she said, ‘Those are my wages that my lovers gave me.’
⇔ I’ll make them grow wild,
⇔ → and then the animals in the countryside will devour them.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:2–13: The LORD promised to punish the people of Israel

In this section, the LORD described the crisis that resulted from Israel being unfaithful to him by following other gods. He warned Israel about the punishment that he would inflict on them if they continued their unfaithfulness. There is a sharp contrast between the negative tone in this section and the positive tone in the previous one.

The first words of this section seem to be a command by Hosea to his children. He commanded them to rebuke their mother (2:2a). However, the words “declares the LORD” in 2:13c indicate that the LORD is the speaker throughout this section. The reason for this double reference is that this section has both literal and figurative meanings. Literally, it applies to the relationship between Hosea, his wife Gomer, and their children. Figuratively, it expresses the relationship between the LORD and Israel. In a complex metaphor, the nation of Israel is compared to the LORD’s wife. At the same time, the entire nation of Israel is compared to a mother, and the individual Israelites that made up the nation are compared to her children.Andersen and Freedman (pages 219–220) and Wood (page 175).

Here are some other possible headings for this section:

The LORD’s future punishment of Israel

Israel is the Lord’s unfaithful wife (GW)

Unfaithful Gomer—Unfaithful Israel (GNT)

Paragraph 2:8–13

In this paragraph, Hosea continues to use the image of an adulterous wife to represent the unfaithful nation of Israel. The LORD will punish the Israelites for their worship of the false god Baal. They trusted Baal to provide for their needs instead of trusting the LORD. Similarly, Hosea will punish Gomer, because she was unfaithful to him.

The notes and translation advice in this paragraph focus mainly on the way that the LORD intends to punish Israel. So you may want to add a footnote to remind your readers that this paragraph also refers to the way that Hosea will punish his wife Gomer.

2:12a

I will destroy her vines and fig trees, which she thinks are the wages paid by her lovers.

I will destroy the grape vines and fig trees that she said her lovers had given her as payment.
She said, ‘These vineyards and fruit trees are the wages that my lovers, the Baal gods, paid me for worshiping them.’ But I am going to destroy those vineyards and fruit trees.

I will destroy her vines and fig trees, which she thinks are the wages paid by her lovers: This verse refers back to 2:5, which lists gifts from the woman’s lovers in payment for the sexual relations she had with them.Old Testament authors often used the terms vines and fig trees together to represent peace and prosperity. (1 Kings 4:25; Isaiah 36:16). By using these terms together here, the LORD indicated that he was destroying the peace and prosperity that Israel claimed came from Baal. You may want to add a footnote that explains this figurative information. Here her lovers may refer to the Baal idols that Israel worshiped in various shrines. Israel considered her vines and fig trees as wages from these Baals in exchange for her worship.Hubbard (page 78) and Wood (page 177) understand Israel’s lovers as the Baals. McComiskey (page 39) refers to Hosea 8:10 as an example of Israel “hiring allies among the nations.”

If grapes and fig trees are unknown in your language group, you may want to add pictures. You may also want to include descriptions in a footnote.

vines: This word refers to grape vines. Grapes were one of the most important crops for the people of Israel. Wine was made from the juice of this fruit. Some versions make the kind of vine explicit. For example:

grapevines (GNT)

vineyards (NLT)

A vineyard is a farm where grape vines grow and produce grapes.

Here are some other ways to translate “vineyard”:

grape farm

field of grape vines

fig trees: Fig trees produced another very important and useful fruit for the Israelites. Figs were very nourishing and were also used as medicine (2 Kings 20:7).

In language areas where fig trees are not known, here are some other ways to translate this term:

General Comment on 2:12a

Use a more general term. For example:
orchards (NLT)
fruit trees
Use a loan word(s) from a major language in your area. For example:
igo trees (from Spanish higo) If you use this option, people should clearly understand that the loan word refers to a kind of fruit tree.

In some languages, it may be more natural to reorder the two clauses within this verse part. For example:

She said that her lovers paid her for sex by giving her grapevines and fig trees. But I am going to destroy those vines and fig trees.

In some languages, it may also be necessary to use a direct quote instead of an indirect quote. For example:

I will lay waste her vines and her fig trees, of which she said, ‘These are my wages, which my lovers have given me.’ (ESV)

2:12b

So I will make them into a thicket, and the beasts of the field will devour them.

I will turn them into a neglected/tangled thicket, and wild animals will eat them.
I will let all kinds of other plants and trees grow there. Then wild animals will eat them.

So I will make them into a thicket: The word that the BSB translates as thicket refers to a tangled area of plants and trees.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase

I shall leave them to grow wild (REB)

I will let them grow into tangled thickets (NLT)

Use an expression in your language that describes an area that once was cultivated, but later was allowed to grow wild.

uW Translation Notes:

General Information:

Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel.

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

(Occurrence 0) These are the wages that my lovers gave me

(Some words not found in UHB: and=now uncover DOM lewdness_of,her to,the_eyes_of of,her_lovers and,anyone not he,will_deliver_her from,hand_of,my )

This refers to payment that Israel received from the false gods or Baals. Alternate translation: “that these were the wages that her lovers had given to her”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

(Occurrence 0) make them a forest

(Some words not found in UHB: and=now uncover DOM lewdness_of,her to,the_eyes_of of,her_lovers and,anyone not he,will_deliver_her from,hand_of,my )

Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

2:2-23 bring charges against Israel: At first glance, the Lord, as the aggrieved husband, appears to be issuing a bill of divorce against his unfaithful spouse, Israel (see Deut 24:1). As the passage continues, however, it becomes clear that God’s purpose in this lawsuit is not divorce, but reconciliation (Hos 2:14-23). God’s case against Israel is intended to awaken Israel to her sin and offer her a chance to return to her true husband. The Lord’s desire for reconciliation with Israel is all the more surprising inasmuch as the law stipulated the death penalty for an adulterous spouse (Deut 22:22; see also Gen 38:24; Lev 21:9).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.

OET interlinear HOS 2:12