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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
Hos C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14
Hos 2 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23
OET (OET-LV) [fn] and_she_will_pursue DOM lovers_of_her and_not she_will_overtake DOM_them and_she_will_seek_them and_not she_will_find_them and_she_will_say I_will_go and_I_will_return to husband_of_my (the)_former if/because it_was_good to_me then more_than_now.
2:9 Note: KJB: Hos.2.7
OET (OET-RV) Therefore I’ll take my grain back in its time,
⇔ ≈ and my new wine in its season.
⇔ I’ll take away my wool and my flax
⇔ → that were used to cover her nakedness.
In this section, the LORD described the crisis that resulted from Israel being unfaithful to him by following other gods. He warned Israel about the punishment that he would inflict on them if they continued their unfaithfulness. There is a sharp contrast between the negative tone in this section and the positive tone in the previous one.
The first words of this section seem to be a command by Hosea to his children. He commanded them to rebuke their mother (2:2a). However, the words “declares the LORD” in 2:13c indicate that the LORD is the speaker throughout this section. The reason for this double reference is that this section has both literal and figurative meanings. Literally, it applies to the relationship between Hosea, his wife Gomer, and their children. Figuratively, it expresses the relationship between the LORD and Israel. In a complex metaphor, the nation of Israel is compared to the LORD’s wife. At the same time, the entire nation of Israel is compared to a mother, and the individual Israelites that made up the nation are compared to her children.Andersen and Freedman (pages 219–220) and Wood (page 175).
Here are some other possible headings for this section:
The LORD’s future punishment of Israel
Israel is the Lord’s unfaithful wife (GW)
Unfaithful Gomer—Unfaithful Israel (GNT)
In this paragraph, Hosea continues to use the image of an adulterous wife to represent the unfaithful nation of Israel. The LORD will punish the Israelites for their worship of the false god Baal. They trusted Baal to provide for their needs instead of trusting the LORD. Similarly, Hosea will punish Gomer, because she was unfaithful to him.
The notes and translation advice in this paragraph focus mainly on the way that the LORD intends to punish Israel. So you may want to add a footnote to remind your readers that this paragraph also refers to the way that Hosea will punish his wife Gomer.
(combined/reordered)
So when the times/seasons to harvest grain and grapes arrive, I will keep her/them from getting/enjoying any of the ripe grain and wine that I have been giving her/them.
In this verse, the LORD responds to Israel’s refusal to acknowledge him as the source of their blessings. Notice the parallel parts that are similar in meaning:
9aTherefore I will take back My grain in its time,
9band My new wine in its season;
There is an ellipsis (a deliberately omitted word) in 2:9b. In some languages, it may be necessary to supply the missing verb from 2:9a. For example:
9band I will take back My new wine in its season;
in its time and…in its season: These parallel phrases are more literally “at its appropriate time…at its appointed time.” These phrases refer to the different times/seasons of the year when the grain and grapes were ripe and ready to be harvested.Hubbard (page 77) notes that grain was harvested in May-June and grapes in July-September.
Here are some other ways to translate these phrases:
at harvest time (NCV)
when it is the right season/time
Therefore I will take back My grain in its time
So at the time/season of year when ripe grain is normally harvested in Israel, I will prevent her/them from harvesting anything.
That is why I will not allow Israel/them to have any of the grain crop that I intended to give her/them.
Therefore: This word introduces the result of the people’s refusal to acknowledge the LORD.
Here are some other ways to introduce this result:
That is why (NJB)
So (GNT)
Use a natural way in your language to introduce a result in this context.
I will take away: This phrase indicates here that the LORD will withhold the products that he intended to provide for the nation of Israel. It probably means that he will keep Israel from harvesting or using these products that they previously enjoyed.In Hebrew, this verb is literally “I shall return and I shall take.” It is an example of hendiadys, meaning “take back.” In the case of the LORD and Israel, it is possible that the LORD planned to withhold these products by causing them not to grow or not to be harvested (McComiskey, page 36). He may have caused this by lack of rain (Andersen and Freedman, page 245; Wood, page 177) or warfare or other kinds of disruption (Stuart, pages 50–51).
Here is another way to translate this phrase:
I will withhold from Israel
I will prevent the people of Israel from harvesting
and My new wine in its season;
I will also prevent her/them from making any grapes into wine during the season when grapes are ready to harvest/pick.
And at the time when she/they expects/expect to enjoy wine from another crop of grapes, I will make sure that there is none.
new wine: See the note on 2:8b. Here (in 2:9b) it refers by metonymy to the crop of grapes that is ready to be harvested and made into wine. For example:
the ripe grapes that they usually made into new wine
In some languages, it may be more natural to combine and/or reorder the parallel parts in these two lines. For example:
So I’ll hold back the harvest of grain and grapes. (CEV)
I will take away My wool and linen, which were given to cover her nakedness.
I will also snatch away the wool and flax that I gave her before/previously so that she could cover/clothe her naked body.
I will also strictly prevent her from getting the various kinds of clothing that she used to wear.
I will take away My wool and linen: See the note on 2:5d for wool and linen. In Hebrew, the verb I will take away is more literally “I will snatch away.” It means that the LORD will forcibly withdraw the materials that the nation of Israel needed for clothing.
Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:
I will snatch away my wool and my flax (NAB)
I shall withdraw my wool and my flax (NJB)
which were given to cover her nakedness: In Hebrew, the form of the verb cover that is used here implies the intention to cover. The BSB has made this explicit by saying which were given to.
Here is another way to translate this idea:
that I gave her to cover her naked body (GW)
Use a natural way in your language to indicate intention.
her nakedness: If it is not natural in your language to say that clothing “covers nakedness,” here are some other ways to translate this phrase:
which I have provided in order to clothe her (NET)
I gave her for clothing (GNT)
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
(Occurrence 0) I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness
(Some words not found in UHB: and,she_will_pursue DOM lovers_of,her and=not overtake DOM=them and,she,will_seek_them and=not find and,she_will_say go and,I_will_return to/towards husband_of,my (the),former that/for/because/then/when good to=me then more,than_now )
This probably means that Israel’s harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack.
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
(Occurrence 0) were used to cover her nakedness
(Some words not found in UHB: and,she_will_pursue DOM lovers_of,her and=not overtake DOM=them and,she,will_seek_them and=not find and,she_will_say go and,I_will_return to/towards husband_of,my (the),former that/for/because/then/when good to=me then more,than_now )
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the people used to clothe themselves”
2:2-23 bring charges against Israel: At first glance, the Lord, as the aggrieved husband, appears to be issuing a bill of divorce against his unfaithful spouse, Israel (see Deut 24:1). As the passage continues, however, it becomes clear that God’s purpose in this lawsuit is not divorce, but reconciliation (Hos 2:14-23). God’s case against Israel is intended to awaken Israel to her sin and offer her a chance to return to her true husband. The Lord’s desire for reconciliation with Israel is all the more surprising inasmuch as the law stipulated the death penalty for an adulterous spouse (Deut 22:22; see also Gen 38:24; Lev 21:9).
OET (OET-LV) [fn] and_she_will_pursue DOM lovers_of_her and_not she_will_overtake DOM_them and_she_will_seek_them and_not she_will_find_them and_she_will_say I_will_go and_I_will_return to husband_of_my (the)_former if/because it_was_good to_me then more_than_now.
2:9 Note: KJB: Hos.2.7
OET (OET-RV) Therefore I’ll take my grain back in its time,
⇔ ≈ and my new wine in its season.
⇔ I’ll take away my wool and my flax
⇔ → that were used to cover her nakedness.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.
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