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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL ESG TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV

Hos C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14

Hos 2 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23

OET interlinear HOS 2:18

◄ ← HOS 2:18 ↓ → ► ║ ≡ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    2. 521005
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 364077
    1. וְ,כָרַתִּי
    2. 521006,521007
    3. and I will make
    4. I'll make
    5. 3772
    6. SV-C,Vqq1cs
    7. and,I_will_make
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364078
    1. לָ,הֶם
    2. 521008,521009
    3. to/for them
    4. for them
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    7. to/for=them
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364079
    1. בְּרִית
    2. 521010
    3. a covenant
    4. agreement
    5. 1285
    6. O-Ncfsa
    7. a_covenant
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364080
    1. בַּ,יּוֹם
    2. 521011,521012
    3. in the day
    4. day
    5. 3117
    6. S-Rd,Ncmsa
    7. in_the=day
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364081
    1. הַ,הוּא
    2. 521013,521014
    3. (the) that
    4. that
    5. 1931
    6. S-Td,Pp3ms
    7. (the)=that
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364082
    1. עִם
    2. 521015
    3. with
    4. with
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364083
    2. 521016
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364084
    1. חַיַּת
    2. 521017
    3. the animal[s] of
    4. the animals
    6. S-Ncfsc
    7. the_animal[s]_of
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364085
    1. הַ,שָּׂדֶה
    2. 521018,521019
    3. the field
    4. the #fields
    6. S-Td,Ncmsa
    7. the=field
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364086
    1. וְ,עִם
    2. 521020,521021
    3. and with
    4. with
    6. S-C,R
    7. and,with
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364087
    2. 521022
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364088
    1. עוֹף
    2. 521023
    3. the bird[s] of
    4. the birds
    5. 5775
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. the_bird[s]_of
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364089
    1. הַ,שָּׁמַיִם
    2. 521024,521025
    3. the heavens
    4. the sky
    5. 8064
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    7. the=heavens
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364090
    1. וְ,רֶמֶשׂ
    2. 521026,521027
    3. and the creeping thing[s] of
    4. and the crawling things
    5. 7431
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    7. and,the_creeping_thing[s]_of
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364091
    1. הָ,אֲדָמָה
    2. 521028,521029
    3. the soil
    4. the ground
    5. 127
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    7. the=soil
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364092
    1. וְ,קֶשֶׁת
    2. 521030,521031
    3. and bow
    4. bow
    5. 7198
    6. SO-C,Ncfsa
    7. and,bow
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364093
    1. וְ,חֶרֶב
    2. 521032,521033
    3. and sword
    4. sword
    5. 2719
    6. O-C,Ncfsa
    7. and,sword
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364094
    1. וּ,מִלְחָמָה
    2. 521034,521035
    3. and battle
    4. and
    5. 4421
    6. O-C,Ncfsa
    7. and,battle
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364095
    1. אֶשְׁבּוֹר
    2. 521036
    3. I will break
    4. I'll
    5. 7665
    6. V-Vqi1cs
    7. I_will_break
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364096
    1. מִן
    2. 521037
    3. from
    4. from
    6. S-R
    7. from
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364097
    2. 521038
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364098
    1. הָ,אָרֶץ
    2. 521039,521040
    3. the earth/land
    4. the land
    5. 776
    6. S-Td,Ncbsa
    7. the=earth/land
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364099
    1. וְ,הִשְׁכַּבְתִּי,ם
    2. 521041,521042,521043
    3. and I will make them lie down
    4. and I'll make %you lie down
    5. 7901
    6. VO-C,Vhq1cs,Sp3mp
    7. and,I,will_make_them_lie_down
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364100
    1. לָ,בֶֽטַח
    2. 521044,521045
    3. to security
    4. safety
    5. 983
    6. S-R,Ncmsa
    7. to,security
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364101
    2. 521046
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 364102

OET-LV (HOS 2:20) [fn] and_I_will_make to/for_them a_covenant in_the_day (the)_that with the_animal[s]_of the_field and_with the_bird[s]_of the_heavens and_the_creeping_thing[s]_of the_soil and_bow and_sword and_battle I_will_break from the_earth/land and_I_will_make_them_lie_down to_security.

_C2.htm#C2V18">2:20 Note: KJB: Hos.2.18

OET (OET-RV)  ⇔ “On that day I’ll make an agreement for them
 ⇔ with the animals in the fields,
 ⇔ with the birds in the sky,
 ⇔ and with the crawling things on the ground.
 ⇔ I’ll abolish the bow, the sword, and war from the land,
 ⇔ and I’ll make you lie down in safety.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:14–23: The LORD promised to renew his covenant with them

The purpose of the punishment in 2:1–13 was to make the people of Israel realize that their worship of false gods would result in harm. In this section, 2:14–23, the LORD showed that he continued to love the people of Israel. If they worshiped him, he would bless them and not harm them. In spite of their past sins, he would reestablish a covenant with them. In this section, the tone switches from negative to positive, so there is a sharp contrast between the previous section and this one.

Here are some other examples of section headings:

Future Repentance and Restoration of Israel (NET)

The Lord’s Love for Unfaithful Israel (NLT)

Paragraph 2:16–20

Verses 16–17 describe a future time when the LORD will cause the Israelites to stop worshiping the gods they call Baals. The LORD alone will be the one they worship and serve.

In return for their devotion, he promised to protect them and their crops from wild animals and from war (verses 18–20). Compare the similar promise to the Israelites in Leviticus 26:5–6.

2:18a

On that day I will make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air and the creatures that crawl on the ground.

On that day: This is the same phrase that was used in 2:16a, and it refers to the same future time. For that reason, some versions do not repeat it here but leave it implied. That is an acceptable option as long as it is clear that the time period is the same.

I will make a covenant for them: The word covenant is an important theological word that is used many times in the book of Hosea. Usually it refers to an agreement between God and people. Here it refers to an agreement that the LORD made with the animals for the benefit of the Israelites. If your key term for covenant does not allow this use, you may need to use a different term. For example:

I will make an agreement (NCV)

I shall make a treaty (NJB)

I will cause…to agree

for them: In this context, the Hebrew word that most versions translate as for means “for the benefit of” or “on behalf of.”Hubbard (page 86), McComiskey (page 44), Macintosh (page 81), and Davies (page 83). For example:

on Israel’s behalf (REB)

Some versions leave the phrase for them implied. Most of these versions use other phrases to clarify the kind of benefits that Israel will enjoy. For example:

I will make a covenant with all the wild animals and birds, so that they will not harm my people. (GNT)

them: Here in 2:18a, the pronoun them refers to the Israelites. The GNT uses the phrase “my people.” The CEV continues to use “you.”

with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air and the creatures that crawl on the ground: In this context, these three phrases represent all animals that could cause harm to people or crops.Hubbard (page 85) and Stuart. The same three phrases occur in Genesis 1:30, although the context is different. See how you translated the same phrases there.

the beasts of the field: This phrase refers to untamed animals that are often dangerous to people.Andersen and Freedman (page 281).

Here is another way to translate this phrase:

the wild animals (NJB)

the birds of the air: This phrase refers to flying creatures. In English, the words of the air are redundant, because the word birds includes this idea. So some English versions leave the words of the air implied. For example:

the birds (GW)

the creatures that crawl on the ground: This phrase refers to small animals, including reptiles.Ibid. Also, Hubbard (page 85) and Macintosh (page 82). In English, the category “wild animals” can include small animals. That is perhaps why some English versions, as the GNT, leave this phrase implied.

In other languages, it may be necessary to use two categories to express the meaning of this phrase. For example:

crawling things and slithering things

Use categories that are natural in your language for describing the same kinds of living creatures. You may need to use more or less than three categories.

2:18b

And I will abolish bow and sword and weapons of war in the land,

And I will abolish bow and sword and weapons of war in the land: This clause expresses an additional promise from the LORD. It is not related to the covenant with the animals in 2:18a. In some languages, it may be necessary to clarify that this is a separate promise. For example:

I will also remove… (GNT)

abolish: In Hebrew, this word is literally “break.” It means “to break” the weapons in order to end warfare.

Here are some other ways to translate this word:

remove (GNT)

destroy (GW)

bow and sword and weapons of war: The bow and the sword were the two main weapons of war during the time of Hosea. Here these weapons are used as a figure of speech (synecdoche) that represents all weapons of war. The phrase weapons of war then summarizes and extends the figure to mean “warfare” or “battle” (NIV, ESV, RSV)

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

weapons of war (CEV)

all weapons of war from the land, all swords and bows (GNT)

the bow, the sword, and war from the land (ESV)

2:18c

and will make them lie down in safety.

and: The Hebrew conjunction waw that the BSB translates as and can have many different functions. Most English versions translate it here as and. But in this context, it probably introduces the purpose or intended result of the LORD’s previous actions.McComiskey (page 44) and Macintosh (page 82). The purpose/result is that the people of Israel can live in safety.

This conjunction probably refers back to two actions: making the covenant (2:18a) and abolishing war (2:18b). Use a natural way in your language to introduce the purpose or intended result of the LORD’s previous actions.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

so that (NIV)

The result will be that (T4T)

them lie down in safety: This statement tells what happens after the LORD makes the covenant with the animals and abolishes war. To lie down in safety means to sleep without fear of danger. It is a figure of speech that represents a safe life, not only safe sleep. In some languages, it may be clearer to translate this meaning directly and not keep the figure of speech. For example:

and will let my people live in peace and safety (GNT)

so people can live safely (GW)

so that they will have no cause to fear

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וְ⁠כָרַתִּ֨י & בְּרִית֙

and,I_will_make & covenant

Yahweh is using cut a covenant as a common expression of the culture to mean “establish a covenant.” If this phrase does not have that meaning for your readers, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [I will make a covenant]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וְ⁠הִשְׁכַּבְתִּ֖י⁠ם

and,I,will_make_them_lie_down

By make them lie down, Yahweh means that he will create the situation of safety in which they can lie down. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [and I will make it possible for them to lie down]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

לָ⁠בֶֽטַח

to,security

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of safety, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [in a safe place]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. and I will make
    2. I'll make
    3. 1987,3652
    4. וְ,כָרַתִּ֨י
    5. 521006,521007
    6. SV-C,Vqq1cs
    7. and,I_will_make
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364078
    1. to/for them
    2. for them
    3. 3705,1978
    4. לָ,הֶ֤ם
    5. 521008,521009
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    7. to/for=them
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364079
    1. a covenant
    2. agreement
    3. 911
    4. בְּרִית֙
    5. 521010
    6. O-Ncfsa
    7. a_covenant
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364080
    1. in the day
    2. day
    3. 846,3371
    4. בַּ,יּ֣וֹם
    5. 521011,521012
    6. S-Rd,Ncmsa
    7. in_the=day
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364081
    1. (the) that
    2. that
    3. 1893,1978
    4. הַ,ה֔וּא
    5. 521013,521014
    6. S-Td,Pp3ms
    7. (the)=that
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364082
    1. with
    2. with
    3. 5681
    4. עִם
    5. 521015
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364083
    1. the animal[s] of
    2. the animals
    3. 2450
    4. חַיַּ֤ת
    5. 521017
    6. S-Ncfsc
    7. the_animal[s]_of
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364085
    1. the field
    2. the #fields
    3. 1893,8079
    4. הַ,שָּׂדֶה֙
    5. 521018,521019
    6. S-Td,Ncmsa
    7. the=field
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364086
    1. and with
    2. with
    3. 1987,5681
    4. וְ,עִם
    5. 521020,521021
    6. S-C,R
    7. and,with
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364087
    1. the bird[s] of
    2. the birds
    3. 6107
    4. ע֣וֹף
    5. 521023
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. the_bird[s]_of
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364089
    1. the heavens
    2. the sky
    3. 1893,7839
    4. הַ,שָּׁמַ֔יִם
    5. 521024,521025
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    7. the=heavens
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364090
    1. and the creeping thing[s] of
    2. and the crawling things
    3. 1987,7176
    4. וְ,רֶ֖מֶשׂ
    5. 521026,521027
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    7. and,the_creeping_thing[s]_of
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364091
    1. the soil
    2. the ground
    3. 1893,101
    4. הָֽ,אֲדָמָ֑ה
    5. 521028,521029
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    7. the=soil
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364092
    1. and bow
    2. bow
    3. 1987,6876
    4. וְ,קֶ֨שֶׁת
    5. 521030,521031
    6. SO-C,Ncfsa
    7. and,bow
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364093
    1. and sword
    2. sword
    3. 1987,2414
    4. וְ,חֶ֤רֶב
    5. 521032,521033
    6. O-C,Ncfsa
    7. and,sword
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364094
    1. and battle
    2. and
    3. 1987,4114
    4. וּ,מִלְחָמָה֙
    5. 521034,521035
    6. O-C,Ncfsa
    7. and,battle
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364095
    1. I will break
    2. I'll
    3. 7769
    4. אֶשְׁבּ֣וֹר
    5. 521036
    6. V-Vqi1cs
    7. I_will_break
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364096
    1. from
    2. from
    3. 4129
    4. מִן
    5. 521037
    6. S-R
    7. from
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364097
    1. the earth/land
    2. the land
    3. 1893,422
    4. הָ,אָ֔רֶץ
    5. 521039,521040
    6. S-Td,Ncbsa
    7. the=earth/land
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364099
    1. and I will make them lie down
    2. and I'll make %you lie down
    3. 1987,7804,1978
    4. וְ,הִשְׁכַּבְתִּ֖י,ם
    5. 521041,521042,521043
    6. VO-C,Vhq1cs,Sp3mp
    7. and,I,will_make_them_lie_down
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364100
    1. to security
    2. safety
    3. 3705,1056
    4. לָ,בֶֽטַח
    5. 521044,521045
    6. S-R,Ncmsa
    7. to,security
    8. -
    9. Y-785; TProphecies_of_Hosea
    10. 364101

OET-LV (HOS 2:20) [fn] and_I_will_make to/for_them a_covenant in_the_day (the)_that with the_animal[s]_of the_field and_with the_bird[s]_of the_heavens and_the_creeping_thing[s]_of the_soil and_bow and_sword and_battle I_will_break from the_earth/land and_I_will_make_them_lie_down to_security.

_C2.htm#C2V18">2:20 Note: KJB: Hos.2.18

OET (OET-RV)  ⇔ “On that day I’ll make an agreement for them
 ⇔ with the animals in the fields,
 ⇔ with the birds in the sky,
 ⇔ and with the crawling things on the ground.
 ⇔ I’ll abolish the bow, the sword, and war from the land,
 ⇔ and I’ll make you lie down in safety.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← HOS 2:18 ↑ → ► ║ ≡ ©