REV 18:12 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT cargo of gold and silver and precious stone and pearls and fine linen and purple cloth and silk and scarlet cloth and every citron wood and every ivory vessel and every vessel from the costliest wood and bronze and iron and marble

UST 12-13 They sell ornaments made of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls. They sell expensive cloth made of fine linen and silk, expensive cloth that is dyed purple and crimson. They sell many kinds of scented wood and many kinds of items made of ivory, the most expensive wood, bronze, iron, and marble. They sell cinnamon, spices, incense, myrrh, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, and grain. They sell cattle, sheep, horses, and chariots. They even sell human beings as slaves.

BSB cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; [of] fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble;

BLB cargo of gold, and of silver, and of precious stone, and of pearls; and of fine linen, and of purple, and of silk, and of scarlet; and all thyine wood and of every article of ivory and every article of most precious wood; and of bronze, and of iron, and of marble;

AICNT gold and silver and precious stone and pearls and fine linen [and purple][fn] and silk and scarlet, and all thyine wood and all ivory vessels and all vessels of most precious wood and bronze and iron and marble,

18:12, and purple: Absent from A(02).

OEB their cargoes of gold, or silver, or precious stones, or pearls, or fine linen, or purple robes, or silk, or scarlet cloth; nor their many scented woods; nor their many articles of ivory; nor their many articles of choicest wood, or brass, or iron, or marble;

WEBBE merchandise of gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple, silk, scarlet, all expensive wood, every vessel of ivory, every vessel made of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble;

WMBB (Same as above)

NET cargo such as gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple cloth, silk, scarlet cloth, all sorts of things made of citron wood, all sorts of objects made of ivory, all sorts of things made of expensive wood, bronze, iron and marble,

LSV cargo of gold, and silver, and precious stone, and pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all fragrant wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel of most precious wood, and brass, and iron, and marble,

FBV products made of gold, silver, gems and pearls; fine linen, purple cloth, silk, and scarlet material; all kinds of objects made of scented wood, or from ivory, or expensive woods, or bronze, iron, or marble;

TCNT cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple cloth, silk, scarlet cloth, all kinds of citron wood, all kinds of articles made of ivory, all kinds of articles made of costly wood, bronze, iron, and marble;

T4T 12-13 They sell ornaments made of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls. They sell expensive cloth made of fine linen and silk, expensive cloth that is dyed purple and crimson. They sell all kinds of rare wood, all kinds of items made of ivory, costly wood, bronze, iron, and marble. They sell cinnamon, spice, perfume, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, and grain. They sell cattle, sheep, horses, and chariots. They even sell human beings [SYN, DOU] to become slaves.

LEB cargo of gold and silver and precious stones and pearls and fine linen and purple cloth and silk and scarlet cloth and all kinds of scented wood and all kinds of ivory goods and all kinds of goods of precious wood and bronze and iron and marble

BBE Gold, and silver, and stones of great price, and jewels, and delicate linen, and robes of purple and silk and red; and perfumed wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel made of fair wood, and of brass, and iron, and stone;

Moff freights of gold, silver, jewels, pearls, fine linen, purples, silk, scarlet stuff, all sorts of citron wood and ivory wares, all articles of costly wood, of bronze, of iron and of marble,

Wymth cargoes of gold and silver, of jewels and pearls, of fine linen, purple and silk, and of scarlet stuff; all kinds of rare woods, and all kinds of goods in ivory and in very costly wood, in bronze, steel and marble.

ASV merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stone, and pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet; and all thyine wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel made of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble;

DRA Merchandise of gold and silver, and precious stones; and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner of vessels of ivory, and all manner of vessels of precious stone, and of brass, and of iron, and of marble,

YLT lading of gold, and silver, and precious stone, and pearl, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel of most precious wood, and brass, and iron, and marble,

Drby lading of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and pearl, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet dye, and all thyine wood, and every article in ivory, and every article in most precious wood, and in brass, and in iron, and in marble,

RV merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stone, and pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet; and all thyine wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel made of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble;

SLT The cargo of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all fir wood, and every ivory vessel, and every vessel of precious wood, and of iron, and brass, and marble,

Wbstr The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all vessels of ivory, and all vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble,

KJB-1769 The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble,

KJB-1611 The merchandise of gold, and siluer, and pretious stones, and of pearles, and fine linnen, and purple, and silke, and scarlet, and all [fn]Thine wood, and all maner vessels of Yuorie, and all maner vessels of most precious wood, and of brasse, and iron, and marble,
(The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silke, and scarlet, and all Thine wood, and all manner vessels of Ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble,)

18:12 Or, sweet.

Bshps The ware of golde and siluer, and precious stones, neither of pearle, & raynes, and purple, and sylke, and skarlet, and all thinne wood, and all maner vessels of yuorie, and all maner vessels of most precious wood, and of brasse, and yron, and marble,
(The ware of gold and silver, and precious stones, neither of pearl, and raynes, and purple, and sylke, and scarlet, and all thin wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble,)

Gnva The ware of golde, and siluer, and of precious stone, and of pearles, and of fine linnen, and of purple, and of silke, and of skarlet, and of all maner of Thyne wood, and of all vessels of yuorie, and of all vessels of most precious wood, and of brasse, and of yron, and of marble,
(The ware of gold, and silver, and of precious stone, and of pearls, and of fine linen, and of purple, and of silke, and of scarlet, and of all manner of Thine/Your wood, and of all vessels of ivory, and of all vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and of iron, and of marble, )

Cvdl the ware of golde, and syluer, and of precious stones, off pearle, & sylke, and purple, and skarlet, & all Thynen wod, and all manner vessels of yuery, and all manner vessels of most precious wod, and of brasse, and of yron,
(the ware of gold, and silver, and of precious stones, off pearl, and sylke, and purple, and scarlet, and all Thynen wod, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wod, and of brass, and of iron,)

TNT the ware of golde and silver and precious stones nether of pearle and raynes and purple and skarlet and all thyne wodde and almanner vessels of yvery and almanner vessels of most precious wodde and of brasse and of yron
(the ware of gold and silver and precious stones neither of pearle and raynes and purple and scarlet and all thine/your wodde and almanner vessels of yvery and almanner vessels of most precious wodde and of brass and of iron )

Wycl the marchaundies of gold, and of siluer, and of preciouse stoon, and of peerl, and of bies, and of purpur, and of silk, and coctyn, and ech tre tymus, and alle vessels of yuer, and alle vessels of preciouse stoon, and of bras, and of yrun, and of marbil,
(the merchandise of gold, and of silver, and of precious stone, and of peerl, and of bies, and of purple, and of silk, and coctyn, and each tree tymus, and all vessels of ivory, and all vessels of precious stone, and of brass, and of yrun, and of marbil,)

Luth die Ware des Goldes und Silbers und Edelgesteins und die Perlen und Seide und Purpur und Scharlach und allerlei Thinenholz und allerlei Gefäß von Elfenbein und allerlei Gefäß von köstlichem Holz und von Erz und von Eisen und von Marmor
(the Ware the gold(n) and silver(n) and precious_stones and the pearls and silk and purple_(stuff) and grouplach and all_sorts_of_things Thinenholz and all_sorts_of_things vessel/container from ivory(n) and all_sorts_of_things vessel/container from delicious wood and from ore and from iron and from marble)

ClVg merces auri, et argenti, et lapidis pretiosi, et margaritæ, et byssi, et purpuræ, et serici, et cocci (et omne lignum thyinum, et omnia vasa eboris, et omnia vasa de lapide pretioso, et æramento, et ferro, et marmore,[fn]
(reward/wages gold, and silver, and lapidis at_a_pricesi, and margaritæ, and byssi, and purpuræ, and serici, and cocci (and everything wood/timber thyinum, and everything vessels/utensils eboris, and everything vessels/utensils from/about stone precious, and airamento, and with_iron, and marmore, )

18.12 Auri et argenti, etc. Per aurum sapientia, argentum divina eloquia. Christus in lapide pretioso significatur; apostoli in margaritis: in bysso candido sanctorum justificationes; in purpura martyrium; in serico virginitas; in cocco rubeo charitas; in ligno thyino imputribili constantia indeficiens; in ebore virtutum pulchritudo; in ære fortitudo et longanimitas; in ferro sublimitatis acumen; in marmore invicta humilitas.

18.12 Auri and silver, etc. Per gold wisdom, silver divine words. Christ/Messiah in/into/on stone precious is_indicated; apostles in/into/on pearls: in/into/on fine_linen candido holy_place justifications; in/into/on purple martyrium; in/into/on serico virginitas; in/into/on red blush/be_red charity; in/into/on wood thyino imputribili constantia indeficiens; in/into/on ivory virtues beautifultudo; in/into/on to_be strength and longanimitas; in/into/on with_iron sublimitatis acumen; in/into/on marmore invicta humility.

UGNT γόμον χρυσοῦ, καὶ ἀργύρου, καὶ λίθου τιμίου, καὶ μαργαριτῶν, καὶ βυσσίνου, καὶ πορφύρας, καὶ σιρικοῦ, καὶ κοκκίνου, καὶ πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου, καὶ χαλκοῦ, καὶ σιδήρου, καὶ μαρμάρου,
(gomon ⱪrusou, kai argurou, kai lithou timiou, kai margaritōn, kai bussinou, kai porfuras, kai sirikou, kai kokkinou, kai pan xulon thuinon, kai pan skeuos elefantinon, kai pan skeuos ek xulou timiōtatou, kai ⱪalkou, kai sidaʸrou, kai marmarou,)

SBL-GNT γόμον χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου καὶ λίθου τιμίου καὶ ⸀μαργαριτῶν καὶ βυσσίνου καὶ ⸀πορφύρας καὶ σιρικοῦ καὶ κοκκίνου, καὶ πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καὶ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου καὶ μαρμάρου,
(gomon ⱪrusou kai argurou kai lithou timiou kai ⸀margaritōn kai bussinou kai ⸀porfuras kai sirikou kai kokkinou, kai pan xulon thuinon kai pan skeuos elefantinon kai pan skeuos ek xulou timiōtatou kai ⱪalkou kai sidaʸrou kai marmarou,)

RP-GNT γόμον χρυσοῦ, καὶ ἀργύρου, καὶ λίθου τιμίου, καὶ μαργαρίτου, καὶ βυσσίνου, καὶ πορφυροῦ, καὶ σηρικοῦ, καὶ κοκκίνου· καὶ πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου, καὶ χαλκοῦ, καὶ σιδήρου, καὶ μαρμάρου·
(gomon ⱪrusou, kai argurou, kai lithou timiou, kai margaritou, kai bussinou, kai porfurou, kai saʸrikou, kai kokkinou; kai pan xulon thuinon, kai pan skeuos elefantinon, kai pan skeuos ek xulou timiōtatou, kai ⱪalkou, kai sidaʸrou, kai marmarou;)

TC-GNT γόμον χρυσοῦ, καὶ ἀργύρου, καὶ λίθου τιμίου, καὶ [fn]μαργαρίτου, καὶ [fn]βυσσίνου, καὶ [fn]πορφυροῦ, καὶ [fn]σηρικοῦ, καὶ κοκκίνου· καὶ πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου, καὶ χαλκοῦ, καὶ σιδήρου, καὶ μαρμάρου·
(gomon ⱪrusou, kai argurou, kai lithou timiou, kai margaritou, kai bussinou, kai porfurou, kai saʸrikou, kai kokkinou; kai pan xulon thuinon, kai pan skeuos elefantinon, kai pan skeuos ek xulou timiōtatou, kai ⱪalkou, kai sidaʸrou, kai marmarou; )

18:12 μαργαριτου 𝔐^A,C,K 85.1% ¦ μαργαριτων ECM^† NA SBL TH WH 9.5%

18:12 βυσσινου 𝔐^K [54.6%] ¦ βυσσου 𝔐^A,C PCK TR [41.7%]

18:12 πορφυρου 𝔐^A,C,K 72.7% ¦ πορφυρας ANT CT TR 25.6%

18:12 σηρικου 𝔐^A,C,K [67.4%] ¦ σιρικου CT [15.8%] ¦ συρικου MSS [9.8%] {Note: ECM does not list συρικου separately; rather, it considers συρικου to be an alternate spelling of σιρικου. However, here they are presented separately.}

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 18:1–24: Announcements/Messages about Babylon

In this section, three heavenly beings each announce something about Babylon. The first announcement is that the city is destroyed. Her riches and prosperity have been taken away.

The second announcement is that God’s people should leave Babylon before God destroys her. It also describes how kings and others mourn over the destroyed city.

The third announcement is that Babylon will never be built again.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

An angel announced that Babylon was destroyed, and some groups are sad

Announcements about the destruction of Babylon

Various people talk about Babylon

18:12a–13d

These verses list different cargoes that the merchants were selling. In some languages it is more natural to translate this long list using several sentences. If that is true in your language, you may need to add a verb or introductory phrase at the beginning of each sentence. See the second meaning line in the Display.

18:12a

cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls;

goods of gold, silver, jewels, and pearls,
No one buys their gold, silver, valuable stones, beautiful pearls,

gold: The word gold refers to a rare metal of a somewhat yellow color. It was the most expensive metal at that time. It is naturally shiny and beautiful. See how you translated this word in 1:12 or 17:4.

silver: The word silver refers to somewhat expensive metal, though it is not as rare and expensive as gold. When polished, it was used as a mirror. It was used in coins and decorations. See how you translated this word in 9:20.

precious stones: This phrase refers to rare stones that are naturally beautiful or become beautiful when shaped and polished. These rare stones are precious or expensive. See how you translated this word in 17:4.

pearls: The word pearls refers to hard, shiny spheres found in the shellfish called oysters. The spheres are often very beautiful. Good ones are very valuable. See how you translated this word in 17:4.

18:12b

of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood

beautiful linen cloth, purple cloth, silk cloth, scarlet cloth, all kinds of citron wood,
their expensive cloth made from flax, their purple cloth, their silk cloth, their bright red cloth, or their expensive/fragrant hardwood called citron.

fine linen: Here the word fine indicates that the linen was of very good quality. Natural linen is tan, gray, or the color of ivory. It can be bleached white. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

high quality linen clothing

very good linen clothing

expensive linen clothing

linen: This word refers to expensive cloth made from a plant called flax. The cloth is smooth and strong yet soft.

In some languages people are not familiar with linen. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain this word in your translation. For example:
flax cloth
smooth cloth
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. Here are example footnotes:
Linen is an expensive cloth made from a plant called flax. The cloth is smooth and strong yet soft.
See footnote on linen at 15:6.

purple: Purple cloth was very expensive at that time because the dye used to make purple cloth was very difficult to get. You may want to explain its value in your translation. For example:

expensive purple cloth

silk: This word refers to a cloth made from the threads of silkworm cocoons. The cloth is soft, shiny, and expensive.

In some languages people are not familiar with silk. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain this cloth in your translation. For example:
beautiful silk cloth
expensive shiny cloth
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Silk is a cloth made from the threads of silkworm cocoons. The cloth is soft, shiny, and expensive.

scarlet: This word refers to cloth of a bright red color. It was less expensive than purple cloth.

citron wood: The phrase citron wood refers to a hardwood with a pleasant smell. It is used to make furniture.

In some languages people are not familiar with citron wood. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain this wood in your translation. For example:
good smelling citron wood
expensive/valuable and fragrant hardwood
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. For example:
Citron wood is a hardwood that has a pleasant smell that is used to make furniture.

18:12c

and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble;

things made of ivory, expensive wood, bronze, iron, and marble,
No one buys their ornamental/expensive things made of animal tusks, rare woods, bronze metal, iron metal, and variegated stone.

ivory: The word ivory refers to pieces of the tusks (very big teeth) of elephants, walruses, and other animals. It is creamy white and hard. It is often carved into various shapes.

In some languages people are not familiar with ivory. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain ivory in your translation. For example:
large pieces of animal teeth
animal tusks
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Ivory comes from the tusks of elephants, walruses, and other animals. It is creamy white and hard. It is often carved into various shapes.

bronze: This word refers to a metal made from a mixture of copper and tin. The Greek word also refers to pure copper or brass. (Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc.) The metal called bronze is a yellowish-brown color. Copper is a reddish-brown metal color. Some kinds of coins are made of bronze or copper. (The other common color of coins is silver.)

In some languages people are not familiar with bronze, copper, or brass. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain the word in your translation. For example:
brown/tan metal called bronze
reddish brown metal called copper
Use a descriptive phrase. For example:
brown/tan metal
reddish brown metal
Use the major language word.

See how you translated this word in 1:15 or 9:20.

iron: This word refers to a hard metal. It was the strongest metal known at that time. Good quality weapons and many other things were made of iron.

In some languages people are not familiar with iron. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain iron in a footnote. (But if you have a footnote about iron at 12:5b, you may not want to repeat it here.) For example:
Iron is a hard metal. It was the strongest metal known at that time.
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, you may want to explain it in a footnote as above.
Describe it in your translation. For example:
hard metal

See how you translated this word in 9:9 or 12:5.

marble: This word refers to a kind of stone. It is somewhat hard. It is often white or gray with other colors scattered throughout the stone in irregular lines or spots. It is very beautiful when polished, and can be carved into various shapes.

In some languages people are not familiar with marble. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain the word in your translation. For example:
veined stone called marble
variegated stone
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Marble is a stone with irregular lines of another color spread throughout the stone. Marble is very beautiful when polished, and it can be carved into various shapes.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: translate-unknown

λίθου τιμίου

˱of˲_stone precious

See how you translated the term precious stone in [17:4](../17/04.md). Alternate translation: [gemstones]

Note 2 topic: translate-unknown

βυσσίνου, καὶ πορφύρας, καὶ σιρικοῦ, καὶ κοκκίνου

˱of˲_linen (Some words not found in SR-GNT: γόμον χρυσοῦ καί ἀργύρου καί λίθου τιμίου καί μαργαριτῶν καί βυσσίνου καί πορφύρας καί σιρικοῦ καί κοκκίνου καί παν ξύλον θύϊνον καί παν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καί παν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καί χαλκοῦ καί σιδήρου καί μαρμάρου)

See how you translated fine linen, the term for an expensive cloth made from flax, in [15:6](../15/06.md); purple cloth is a dark red-blue cloth that was very expensive at this time; silk is a soft, strong cloth made from the fine string that silkworms make when they form their cocoons; scarlet cloth was an expensive red cloth. If some or all of these terms might be unfamiliar to your readers, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: [many kinds of expensive cloth]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole

πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου, καὶ χαλκοῦ, καὶ σιδήρου, καὶ μαρμάρου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: γόμον χρυσοῦ καί ἀργύρου καί λίθου τιμίου καί μαργαριτῶν καί βυσσίνου καί πορφύρας καί σιρικοῦ καί κοκκίνου καί παν ξύλον θύϊνον καί παν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καί παν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καί χαλκοῦ καί σιδήρου καί μαρμάρου)

John says every in these cases as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: [many kinds of fragrant wood and many kinds of ivory vessels and many kinds of vessels made from precious wood and bronze and iron and marble]

Note 4 topic: translate-unknown

πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον

The wood of the citron tree is desirable because it is fragrant. If your readers would not be familiar with citron wood, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [every fragrant wood]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον

Since there is only one kind of citron tree, by every citron wood, John means by association many kinds of wood that are fragrant like citron wood. Alternate translation: [every fragrant wood]

Note 6 topic: translate-unknown

σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον

object ivory

The word ivory describes a beautiful, hard, white material that people get from the tusks or teeth of very large animals such as elephants and walruses. Alternate translation: [beautiful containers made from tusks] or [containers made from valuable animal teeth]

Note 7 topic: translate-unknown

μαρμάρου

˱of˲_marble

The word marble describes a beautiful, valuable stone that people use in buildings and to make statues, furniture, and many other things. If your readers might not be familiar with marble, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: [beautiful stone]

Parallel REV 18:12

Section 18:1–24: Announcements/Messages about Babylon

18:12a–13d

18:12a

18:12b

18:12c