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ParallelVerse GENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOBJOSJDGRUTH1 SAM2 SAMPSAAMOSHOS1 KI2 KI1 CHR2 CHRPROVECCSNGJOELMICISAZEPHABJERLAMYNA (JNA)NAHOBADANEZEEZRAESTNEHHAGZECMALLAOGESLESESGDNG2 PSTOBJDTWISSIRBARLJEPAZSUSBELMAN1 MAC2 MAC3 MAC4 MACYHN (JHN)MARKMATLUKEACTsYAC (JAM)GAL1 TH2 TH1 COR2 CORROMCOLPHMEPHPHP1 TIMTIT1 PET2 PET2 TIMHEBYUD (JUD)1 YHN (1 JHN)2 YHN (2 JHN)3 YHN (3 JHN)REV

Rev IntroC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10C11C12C13C14C15C16C17C18C19C20C21C22

Rev 18 V1V3V4V5V6V7V8V9V10V11V12V13V14V15V16V17V18V19V20V21V22V23V24

Parallel REV 18:2

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

BI Rev 18:2 ©

Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal(All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV)He called out in a loud voice, saying, “The mighty Babylon has fallen and become a place for demons to live, and a prison for evil spirits and for every kind of scavenging and detestable bird.[fn][ref]


18:2 There’s some manuscript variations here, and so some translations also mention wild animals.


18:2: a Isa 21:9; Jer 51:8; Rev 14:8; b Isa 13:21; Jer 50:39.OET logo mark

OET-LVAnd he_cried_out with a_mighty voice saying:
Fell, fell Babulōn/(Bāⱱel?
) the great.
And it_became a_dwelling_place of_demons, and a_prison of_every spirit unclean, and a_prison of_every bird unclean, and having_been_hated.
OET logo mark

SR-GNTΚαὶ ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων, “Ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν μεγάλη! Καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου.
   (Kai ekraxen en isⱪura fōnaʸ legōn, “Epesen, epesen Babulōn haʸ megalaʸ! Kai egeneto katoikaʸtaʸrion daimoniōn, kai fulakaʸ pantos pneumatos akathartou, kai fulakaʸ pantos orneou akathartou, kai memisaʸmenou.)

Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULTAnd he cried out in a mighty voice, saying,
 ⇔  “Babylon the Great has fallen!
 ⇔  And she has become a habitation of demons
 ⇔  and a hold of every unclean spirit
 ⇔  and a hold of every unclean and detested bird.[fn]


Some manuscripts read Fallen, fallen.

USTThe angel shouted very loudly, “God is about to destroy the evil city of Babylon completely. People will no longer live in the ruins of the city. All kinds of evil spirits will live there. All kinds of disgusting scavenger birds will also live there.

BSBAnd he cried out in a mighty voice:
 ⇔ “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great![fn]
 ⇔ She has become a lair for demons
 ⇔ and a haunt for every unclean spirit,
 ⇔ every unclean bird,
 ⇔ and every detestable beast.[fn]


18:2 See Isaiah 21:9 and Revelation 14:8.

18:2 NE, WH, BYZ, and TR a haunt for every unclean spirit and every unclean and detestable bird.

MSBAnd he cried out in a mighty voice:
 ⇔ “Fallen[fn] [is] Babylon the great![fn]
 ⇔ She has become a lair for demons
 ⇔ and a haunt for every unclean spirit
 ⇔ and every unclean and detestable bird.[fn]


18:2 GOC, ALT, CT, F35, and TR Fallen, fallen

18:2 See Isaiah 21:9 and Revelation 14:8.

18:2 NE, WH, MT, and TR; other CT a haunt for every unclean spirit, every unclean bird, and every detestable beast

BLBAnd he cried out in a mighty voice, saying: "Fallen, Fallen is Babylon the great! And she has become a habitation of demons, and a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean bird, and a prison of every unclean creature also having been hated.


AICNTAnd he cried out with a {loud}[fn] voice, saying, “Fallen, [fallen][fn] is Babylon the great, and it has become a dwelling place of demons and a prison of every unclean [[and detestable]][fn] spirit, [and a prison of every unclean and hated bird,][fn] [and a prison of every unclean and hated beast],[fn]


18:2, loud: Later manuscripts read “mighty.” TR

18:2, fallen: The second occurrence is absent from some manuscripts. ℵ(01)

18:2, and detestable: Absent from A(02).

18:2, and a prison of every unclean and hated bird: Absent from some manuscripts. A(02)

18:2, and a prison of every unclean and hated beast: A(02) NA28[ ] (-and hated) SBLGNT ‖ Absent from some manuscripts. ℵ(01) C(04) BYZ TR THGNT

OEBWith a mighty voice he cried – ‘She has fallen! She has fallen – Babylon the Great! She has become an abode of demons, a stronghold of every wicked spirit, a stronghold of every foul and hateful bird.

WEBBEHe cried with a mighty voice, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, and she has become a habitation of demons, a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean and hated bird!

WMBB (Same as above)

NETHe shouted with a powerful voice:
 ⇔ “Fallen, fallen, is Babylon the great!
 ⇔ She has become a lair for demons,
 ⇔ a haunt for every unclean spirit,
 ⇔ a haunt for every unclean bird,
 ⇔ a haunt for every unclean and detested beast.

LSVand he cried in might [with] a great voice, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! And she became a habitation of demons, and a hold of every unclean spirit, and a hold of every unclean and hateful bird,

FBVHe shouted out in a powerful voice, “Babylon the great has collapsed into ruins![fn] She has become a place where demons live, the refuge of every unclean spirit, and the roost of every unclean and detestable bird.


18:2 See Isaiah 21:9.

TCNTHe cried out [fn]with a mighty voice,
 ⇔ [fn]Fallen is Babylon the great!
 ⇔ She has become a dwelling place for demons,
 ⇔ a haunt for every unclean [fn]spirit,
 ⇔ and a haunt for every unclean and hated bird.


18:2 with a mighty 𝔐K [35.9%] • 𝔐A−,C ANT CT PCK [29%] • MSS [13.4%] ¦ mightily with a loud 𝔐A+ [8.8%] • 𝔐A− [6%] • TR [0.9%]

18:2 Fallen 𝔐K [49.1%] ¦ Fallen, fallen, 𝔐A,C ANT CT PCK TR [50.5%]

18:2 spirit, and a haunt for every unclean and hated bird 𝔐C,K [52.5%] ¦ and hated spirit 𝔐A [24%] ¦ spirit, a haunt for every unclean bird, and a haunt for every unclean and hated beast NA SBL [1.8%]

T4THe shouted with a very loud voice, “God is about to completely destroy [DOU] all the very evil cities (OR, the very evil city) that Babylon represents. As a result, all kinds of evil spirits [DOU] will live there, and all kinds of foul and detestable [DOU] birds will live there.

LEBAnd he cried out with a powerful voice, saying,
 • “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great,
 •  and it has become a dwelling place of demons
 •  and a haunt of every unclean spirit
 •  and a haunt of every unclean bird
 •  and a haunt of every unclean and detested animal.

BBEAnd he gave a loud cry, saying, Babylon the great has come down from her high place, she has come to destruction and has become a place of evil spirits, and of every unclean spirit, and a hole for every unclean and hated bird.

Moffand he shouted aloud with a strong voice,
 ⇔ "Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great--
 ⇔ a haunt of demons now,
 ⇔ the den of all foul spirits,
 ⇔ a cage for every foul and loathsome bird:

Wymthand with a mighty voice he cried out, saying, "Great Babylon has fallen, has fallen, and has become a home for demons and a stronghold for every kind of foul spirit and for every kind of foul and hateful bird.

ASVAnd he cried with a mighty voice, saying, Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, and is become a habitation of demons, and a hold of every unclean spirit, and a hold of every unclean and hateful bird.

DRAAnd he cried out with a strong voice, saying: Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen; and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every unclean spirit, and the hold of every unclean and hateful bird:

YLTand he did cry in might — a great voice, saying, 'Fall, fall did Babylon the great, and she became a habitation of demons, and a hold of every unclean spirit, and a hold of every unclean and hateful bird,

DrbyAnd he cried with a strong voice, saying, Great Babylon has fallen, has fallen, and has become the habitation of demons, and a hold of every unclean spirit, and a hold of every unclean and hated bird;

RVAnd he cried with a mighty voice, saying, Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, and is become a habitation of devils, and a hold of every unclean spirit, and a hold of every unclean and hateful bird.

SLTAnd he cried with a great, strong voice, saying, She fell, Babylon the great fell, and became the dwelling of devils, and the prison of every unclean spirit, and the prison of every unclean and detested bird.

WbstrAnd he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of demons, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.

KJB-1769And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.

KJB-1611And he cryed mightily with a strōg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils, and the hold of euery foule spirit, and a cage of euery vncleane and hatefull bird:
   (And he cried mightily with a strōg voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every fowl/bird spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird:)

BshpsAnd he cryed myghtyly with a strong voyce, saying: Great Babylon is fallen is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuyls, and the holde of all foule spirites, and a cage of all vncleane and hatefull byrdes:
   (And he cried mightyly with a strong voice, saying: Great Babylon is fallen is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of all foul spirits, and a cage of all unclean and hateful birds:)

GnvaAnd he cryed out mightily with a loud voyce, saying, It is fallen, it is fallen, Babylon that great citie, and is become the habitation of deuils, and the holde of all foule spirits, and a cage of euery vncleane and hatefull birde.
   (And he cried out mightily with a loud voice, saying, It is fallen, it is fallen, Babylon that great city, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of all fowl/bird spirits, and a cage of every unclean and hateful birde. )

CvdlAnd he cryed mightely with a stronge voyce, sayenge: She is fallen, she is fallen, euen greate Babilon, and is become the habitacion of deuels, and ye holde of all fowle spretes, and a cage of all vncleane and hatefull byrdes:
   (And he cried mightely with a strong voice, saying: She is fallen, she is fallen, even great Babylon, and is become the habitation of devils, and ye/you_all hold of all foul spirits, and a cage of all unclean and hateful birds:)

TNTAnd he cryed myghtyly with a stronge voyce sayinge: Great Babilon is fallen ys fallen and ys become the habitation of devels and the holde of all fowle sprettes and a cage of all vnclene and hatefull byrdes
   (And he cried mightyly with a strong voice saying: Great Babylon is fallen is fallen and is become the habitation of devels and the hold of all fowle sprettes and a cage of all unclean and hateful birds )

Wycl`And he criede with strong vois, `and seide, Greet Babiloyn felde doun, felde doun, and is maad the habitacioun of deuelis, and the keping of ech vnclene spirit, and `the keping of ech vnclene foul, and hateful.
   (And he cried with strong voice, and said, Greet Babiloyn field down, field down, and is made the habitation of devils, and the keeping of each unclean spirit, and the keeping of each unclean foul, and hateful.)

LuthUnd schrie aus Macht mit großer Stimme und sprach: Sie ist gefallen, sie ist gefallen, Babylon, die große, und eine Behausung der Teufel worden und ein Behältnis aller unreinen Geister und ein Behältnis aller unreinen und feindseligen Vögel.
   (And shouted/screamed out_of power(n) with large voice(n) and spoke: They/She is fallen, they/she/them is fallen, Babylon, the large, and a/one Behausung the/of_the devil been and a Behältnis all impure spirits/ghosts and a Behältnis all impure and hostilen birds.)

ClVgEt exclamavit in fortitudine, dicens: Cecidit, cecidit Babylon magna: et facta est habitatio dæmoniorum, et custodia omnis spiritus immundi, et custodia omnis volucris immundæ, et odibilis:[fn]
   (And exclamavit in/into/on with_courage, saying: Cecidit, fell Babylon big: and facts it_is housing of_demons, and custody everyone spirit unclean/impure, and custody everyone volucris immundæ, and odibilis: )


18.2 Cecidit, cecidit. Bis pro duplici damnatione animæ et corporis, vel quia æternaliter punietur. Custodia omnis spiritus immundi. Dæmones in pravis cordibus pro carnis illecebris sunt immundi, per mentis elationem volucres, vel quia per hunc ærem discurrunt.


18.2 Cecidit, fell. Bis for double damnatione soul and body, or because eternally will_be_punished. Keepa everyone spirit unclean/impure. Demons in/into/on wicked hearts for of_flesh he/that_onecebris are unclean/impure, through of_the_mind proudonem birds, or because through this_one to_bem discurrunt.

UGNTκαὶ ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων, ἔπεσεν, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη! καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου;
   (kai ekraxen en isⱪura fōnaʸ legōn, epesen, Babulōn haʸ megalaʸ! kai egeneto katoikaʸtaʸrion daimoniōn, kai fulakaʸ pantos pneumatos akathartou, kai fulakaʸ pantos orneou akathartou, kai memisaʸmenou;)

SBL-GNTκαὶ ἔκραξεν ⸀ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων· Ἔπεσεν, ⸀ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον ⸀δαιμονίων καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου ⸂καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς θηρίου ἀκαθάρτου⸃ καὶ μεμισημένου,
   (kai ekraxen ⸀en isⱪura fōnaʸ legōn; Epesen, ⸀epesen Babulōn haʸ megalaʸ, kai egeneto katoikaʸtaʸrion ⸀daimoniōn kai fulakaʸ pantos pneumatos akathartou kai fulakaʸ pantos orneou akathartou ⸂kai fulakaʸ pantos thaʸriou akathartou⸃ kai memisaʸmenou,)

RP-GNTΚαὶ ἔκραξεν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ, λέγων, Ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμόνων, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καὶ μεμισημένου.
   (Kai ekraxen isⱪura fōnaʸ, legōn, Epesen Babulōn haʸ megalaʸ, kai egeneto katoikaʸtaʸrion daimonōn, kai fulakaʸ pantos pneumatos akathartou, kai fulakaʸ pantos orneou akathartou kai memisaʸmenou.)

TC-GNTΚαὶ ἔκραξεν [fn]ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ, λέγων,
 ⇔ [fn]Ἔπεσε Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη,
 ⇔ καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον [fn]δαιμόνων,
 ⇔ καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου,
 ⇔ καὶ [fn]φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καὶ μεμισημένου.
   (Kai ekraxen isⱪura fōnaʸ, legōn,
    ⇔ Epese Babulōn haʸ megalaʸ,
    ⇔ kai egeneto katoikaʸtaʸrion daimonōn,
    ⇔ kai fulakaʸ pantos pneumatos akathartou,
    ⇔ kai fulakaʸ pantos orneou akathartou kai memisaʸmenou. )


18:2 ισχυρα φωνη 𝔐K [35.9%] ¦ εν ισχυρα φωνη 𝔐A−,C ANT CT PCK [29%] ¦ ισχηραν φωνην MSS [13.4%] ¦ ισχυρα φωνη μεγαλη 𝔐A+ [8.8%] ¦ εν ισχυρα φωνη μεγαλη 𝔐A− [6%] ¦ εν ισχυι φωνη μεγαλη TR [0.9%]

18:2 επεσε 𝔐K [49.1%] ¦ επεσεν επεσε 𝔐A,C ANT CT PCK TR [50.5%]

18:2 δαιμονων 𝔐A,C,K 92.3% ¦ δαιμονιων ANT NA SBL TH WH 6.5%

18:2 φυλακη παντος ορνεου ακαθαρτου και μεμισημενου 𝔐C,K [52.5%] ¦ μεμισημενου 𝔐A [24%] ¦ φυλακη παντος ορνεου ακαθαρτου και φυλακη παντος θηριου ακαθαρτου και μεμισημενου NA SBL [1.8%]

Key for above GNTs: red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).


TSNTyndale Study Notes:

18:2 Babylon is fallen: See Isa 21:9. Once a beautifully dressed woman (see Rev 17:4), Babylon (Rome) became a desolate den for demons and unclean birds such as vultures (cp. Isa 13:20-22; Jer 4:23-31; 50:39).


SOTNSIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 18:1–24: Announcements/Messages about Babylon

In this section, three heavenly beings each announce something about Babylon. The first announcement is that the city is destroyed. Her riches and prosperity have been taken away.

The second announcement is that God’s people should leave Babylon before God destroys her. It also describes how kings and others mourn over the destroyed city.

The third announcement is that Babylon will never be built again.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

An angel announced that Babylon was destroyed, and some groups are sad

Announcements about the destruction of Babylon

Various people talk about Babylon

18:2a

And he cried out in a mighty voice:

And he cried out in a mighty voice: The phrase in a mighty voice is not emphasized in the Greek. So you do not need to emphasize this phrase in your translation. For example:

He shouted with a powerful voice (NET)

cried out: The Greek word refers to speaking loudly so that many people can hear the message.

18:2b

“Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great!

Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great: The Greek words are literally “The great Babylon fell fell.” The verb “fell” is repeated in order to emphasize it. The BSB emphasizes the verb by repeating it and by placing it first, in poetic style common in English. The GNT emphasizes the verb by using two complete sentences:

She has fallen! Great Babylon has fallen!The pronoun “She” refers to Babylon here.

See how you translated these words in 14:8.

Fallen: Here the word Fallen refers to the result of the beast (and others) destroying the city (17:16).

In some languages a literal translation would wrongly indicate or imply that the city fell because of some accident. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Babylon: Babylon had once been a very powerful city. The city was well known for idol worship. It controlled a vast empire at that time. One of its kings conquered Jerusalem. But at the time of Jesus and John, it was only ruins. So the name Babylon is a symbol here. It refers to a city, country, or empire that opposes God. This could include Rome or a future powerful city. Use the name Babylon here.

the great: The city of Babylon is called the great because it had once been an important and famous city. It had controlled a vast empire and held great influence in that region. See how you translated this phrase in 17:5.

18:2c

She has become a lair for demons

She: This pronoun refers to the city of Babylon. 18:2c–d describes it. 18:3a–c continues to use the metaphor of a woman for the city.

a lair for demons: The Greek word that the BSB translates as lair refers to a location where someone or something lives. The demons live in the ruins of Babylon. People are no longer living there. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

a dwelling place of demons (RSV)

a lair for demons (NET)

demons: This word refers to evil spirit beings. The word demons does not refer to the spirits of dead people.

18:2d

and a haunt for every unclean spirit, every unclean bird, and every detestable beast.

haunt: The Greek word that the BSB translates as haunt refers to a place where an evil spiritual being lives. It probably includes the sense of guarding something. The demons probably watch over the ruins of Babylon and resent anyone trying to enter. Other ways to translate this word are:

refuge

place of watching/guarding

unclean spirit: The BSB literally represents the Greek of this phrase. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

foul spirit (RSV)

filthy spirit (CEV)

The phrase unclean spirit is a Hebrew idiom that refers to the spirit being sinful. A sinful spirit is religiously unclean and, therefore, unable to stand before God. An unclean spirit has rebelled against God.

In some languages translating unclean spirit literally would not have the meaning above. If that is true in your language, you may want to explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:

Literally: “unclean spirit.” The phrase “unclean spirit” is a Hebrew idiom that refers to the spirit being sinful. A sinful spirit is religiously unclean and, therefore, unable to stand before God.

spirit: The word spirit refers to a being that is usually not seen. Angels and demons are spirits.

every unclean bird, and every detestable beast: The Greek word that the BSB translates as every here probably means “many different kinds.” For example:

all kinds of filthy and hateful birds (GNT)

unclean bird: In the Old Testament, writers referred to these kinds of birds as living in desolate or deserted places (Isaiah 34:11, Jeremiah 50:39). In Jewish culture, these birds were symbolic of demons. You may want to explain that implied meaning in a footnote. For example:

In the Old Testament, writers referred to these kinds of birds as living in desolate or deserted places (Isaiah 13:20–21, 34:10–11, Jeremiah 50:39). In Jewish culture, these birds were symbolic of demons.

unclean: The Greek word that the BSB translates as unclean means “defiled” or “desecrated.” It can also have the figurative meaning of “unfit before God” here. For example:

foul (RSV)

filthy (GNT)

vile/nasty

disgustingUma Back Translation on TW.

and every detestable beast: There is a textual issue here:

  1. Some versions include these words. For example:

    a haunt for every unclean and detestable beast (ESV) (BSB, NIV11, ESV, NRSV, NLT, GW, CEV, NET, NCV)

  2. Some versions do not include these words. (RSV, NIV84, GNT, NJB, NASB, KJV, REB)

It is recommended that you follow option (1), because the Greek NT 4 includes them.But they indicate that they had difficulty in deciding which text is correct. They include it with brackets around the phrase. Beale (page 895) says, “a scribe’s eye inadvertently skipped from one phrase beginning with “and a prison of every”…to the next phrase beginning with the same words.” So it is missing from many manuscripts.

detestable: This word refers to things that people hate or avoid. Other ways to translate this word are:

loathsome (NJB)

hated


UTNuW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἔπεσεν, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη

fell (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

See how you translated the similar expression in [14:8](../14/08.md). Alternate translation: [Babylon the Great has been destroyed] or [God has destroyed Babylon the Great]

Note 2 topic: translate-textvariants

ἔπεσεν, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη

fell (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

Some ancient manuscripts read, Babylon the Great has fallen. ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the Great.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT.

Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns

ἐγένετο

˱it˲_became

As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the pronoun she refers to the city of Babylon. People in this culture conventionally referred to cities with feminine pronouns. Your language may use a different gender. You could also use a noun. Alternate translation: [it has become] or [that city has become]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου

˓a˒_dwelling_place ˱of˲_demons (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. The angel is speaking in a Hebrew style of poetry, and Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition. It would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if such repetition would not be natural in your language, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: [an abode of demons, yes, a hold of every unclean spirit]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole

φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου , καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

The angel says every here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: [she has become overrun with unclean spirits and with unclean and detested birds]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου , καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

The angel is speaking as if these spirits and birds were literally in a hold, that is, a prison or other place where they were watched or guarded and could not leave. He means that the spirits and birds are now able to linger in the ruins of Babylon. Your language may have terms for places where animals and birds stay. Alternate translation: [a den of every unclean spirit and a roost of every unclean and detested bird]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου

bird unclean (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

The terms unclean and detested mean similar things. The angel is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: [loathsome bird]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου

bird unclean (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

The angel assumes that his listeners will understand that these birds are unclean and detested according to the law of Moses because they eat dead animals. You can say that explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [unclean and detested bird that eats dead animals] or [loathsome bird that eats dead animals]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

μεμισημένου

˓having_been˒_hated

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [detestable]

BI Rev 18:2 ©