Open Bible Data Home About News OET Key
OET OET-RV OET-LV ULT UST BSB MSB BLB AICNT OEB WEBBE WMBB NET LSV FBV TCNT T4T LEB BBE Moff JPS Wymth ASV DRA YLT Drby RV SLT Wbstr KJB-1769 KJB-1611 Bshps Gnva Cvdl TNT Wycl SR-GNT UHB BrLXX BrTr Related Topics Parallel Interlinear Reference Dictionary Search
InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
Rev C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22
Rev 18 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24
OET (OET-LV) cargo of_gold, and of_silver, and of_stone precious, and of_pearls, and of_linen, and of_purple, and of_silk, and of_scarlet, and all wood citron, and every object ivory, and every object of wood most_precious, and of_bronze, and of_iron, and of_marble,
OET (OET-RV) gold and silver, precious stones and pearls, fine linen and purple cloth and silk and scarlet cloth, expensive wood and carved ivory containers and every kind of container made from the costliest wood and bronze and iron and marble,
In this section, three heavenly beings each announce something about Babylon. The first announcement is that the city is destroyed. Her riches and prosperity have been taken away.
The second announcement is that God’s people should leave Babylon before God destroys her. It also describes how kings and others mourn over the destroyed city.
The third announcement is that Babylon will never be built again.
Other examples of headings for this section are:
An angel announced that Babylon was destroyed, and some groups are sad
Announcements about the destruction of Babylon
Various people talk about Babylon
These verses list different cargoes that the merchants were selling. In some languages it is more natural to translate this long list using several sentences. If that is true in your language, you may need to add a verb or introductory phrase at the beginning of each sentence. See the second meaning line in the Display.
cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls;
goods of gold, silver, jewels, and pearls,
No one buys their gold, silver, valuable stones, beautiful pearls,
gold: The word gold refers to a rare metal of a somewhat yellow color. It was the most expensive metal at that time. It is naturally shiny and beautiful. See how you translated this word in 1:12 or 17:4.
silver: The word silver refers to somewhat expensive metal, though it is not as rare and expensive as gold. When polished, it was used as a mirror. It was used in coins and decorations. See how you translated this word in 9:20.
precious stones: This phrase refers to rare stones that are naturally beautiful or become beautiful when shaped and polished. These rare stones are precious or expensive. See how you translated this word in 17:4.
pearls: The word pearls refers to hard, shiny spheres found in the shellfish called oysters. The spheres are often very beautiful. Good ones are very valuable. See how you translated this word in 17:4.
of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood
beautiful linen cloth, purple cloth, silk cloth, scarlet cloth, all kinds of citron wood,
their expensive cloth made from flax, their purple cloth, their silk cloth, their bright red cloth, or their expensive/fragrant hardwood called citron.
fine linen: Here the word fine indicates that the linen was of very good quality. Natural linen is tan, gray, or the color of ivory. It can be bleached white. Other ways to translate this phrase are:
high quality linen clothing
very good linen clothing
expensive linen clothing
linen: This word refers to expensive cloth made from a plant called flax. The cloth is smooth and strong yet soft.
In some languages people are not familiar with linen. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
Explain this word in your translation. For example:
flax cloth
smooth cloth
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. Here are example footnotes:
Linen is an expensive cloth made from a plant called flax. The cloth is smooth and strong yet soft.
See footnote on linen at 15:6.
purple: Purple cloth was very expensive at that time because the dye used to make purple cloth was very difficult to get. You may want to explain its value in your translation. For example:
expensive purple cloth
silk: This word refers to a cloth made from the threads of silkworm cocoons. The cloth is soft, shiny, and expensive.
In some languages people are not familiar with silk. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
Explain this cloth in your translation. For example:
beautiful silk cloth
expensive shiny cloth
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Silk is a cloth made from the threads of silkworm cocoons. The cloth is soft, shiny, and expensive.
scarlet: This word refers to cloth of a bright red color. It was less expensive than purple cloth.
citron wood: The phrase citron wood refers to a hardwood with a pleasant smell. It is used to make furniture.
In some languages people are not familiar with citron wood. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
Explain this wood in your translation. For example:
good smelling citron wood
expensive/valuable and fragrant hardwood
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. For example:
Citron wood is a hardwood that has a pleasant smell that is used to make furniture.
and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble;
things made of ivory, expensive wood, bronze, iron, and marble,
No one buys their ornamental/expensive things made of animal tusks, rare woods, bronze metal, iron metal, and variegated stone.
ivory: The word ivory refers to pieces of the tusks (very big teeth) of elephants, walruses, and other animals. It is creamy white and hard. It is often carved into various shapes.
In some languages people are not familiar with ivory. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
Explain ivory in your translation. For example:
large pieces of animal teeth
animal tusks
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Ivory comes from the tusks of elephants, walruses, and other animals. It is creamy white and hard. It is often carved into various shapes.
bronze: This word refers to a metal made from a mixture of copper and tin. The Greek word also refers to pure copper or brass. (Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc.) The metal called bronze is a yellowish-brown color. Copper is a reddish-brown metal color. Some kinds of coins are made of bronze or copper. (The other common color of coins is silver.)
In some languages people are not familiar with bronze, copper, or brass. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
Explain the word in your translation. For example:
brown/tan metal called bronze
reddish brown metal called copper
Use a descriptive phrase. For example:
brown/tan metal
reddish brown metal
Use the major language word.
See how you translated this word in 1:15 or 9:20.
iron: This word refers to a hard metal. It was the strongest metal known at that time. Good quality weapons and many other things were made of iron.
In some languages people are not familiar with iron. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
Explain iron in a footnote. (But if you have a footnote about iron at 12:5b, you may not want to repeat it here.) For example:
Iron is a hard metal. It was the strongest metal known at that time.
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, you may want to explain it in a footnote as above.
Describe it in your translation. For example:
hard metal
See how you translated this word in 9:9 or 12:5.
marble: This word refers to a kind of stone. It is somewhat hard. It is often white or gray with other colors scattered throughout the stone in irregular lines or spots. It is very beautiful when polished, and can be carved into various shapes.
In some languages people are not familiar with marble. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
Explain the word in your translation. For example:
veined stone called marble
variegated stone
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Marble is a stone with irregular lines of another color spread throughout the stone. Marble is very beautiful when polished, and it can be carved into various shapes.
Note 1 topic: translate-unknown
λίθου τιμίου
˱of˲_stone precious
See how you translated the term precious stone in [17:4](../17/04.md). Alternate translation: [gemstones]
Note 2 topic: translate-unknown
βυσσίνου, καὶ πορφύρας, καὶ σιρικοῦ, καὶ κοκκίνου
˱of˲_linen (Some words not found in SR-GNT: γόμον χρυσοῦ καί ἀργύρου καί λίθου τιμίου καί μαργαριτῶν καί βυσσίνου καί πορφύρας καί σιρικοῦ καί κοκκίνου καί παν ξύλον θύϊνον καί παν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καί παν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καί χαλκοῦ καί σιδήρου καί μαρμάρου)
See how you translated fine linen, the term for an expensive cloth made from flax, in [15:6](../15/06.md); purple cloth is a dark red-blue cloth that was very expensive at this time; silk is a soft, strong cloth made from the fine string that silkworms make when they form their cocoons; scarlet cloth was an expensive red cloth. If some or all of these terms might be unfamiliar to your readers, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: [many kinds of expensive cloth]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole
πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον, καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου, καὶ χαλκοῦ, καὶ σιδήρου, καὶ μαρμάρου
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: γόμον χρυσοῦ καί ἀργύρου καί λίθου τιμίου καί μαργαριτῶν καί βυσσίνου καί πορφύρας καί σιρικοῦ καί κοκκίνου καί παν ξύλον θύϊνον καί παν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καί παν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καί χαλκοῦ καί σιδήρου καί μαρμάρου)
John says every in these cases as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: [many kinds of fragrant wood and many kinds of ivory vessels and many kinds of vessels made from precious wood and bronze and iron and marble]
Note 4 topic: translate-unknown
πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: γόμον χρυσοῦ καί ἀργύρου καί λίθου τιμίου καί μαργαριτῶν καί βυσσίνου καί πορφύρας καί σιρικοῦ καί κοκκίνου καί παν ξύλον θύϊνον καί παν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καί παν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καί χαλκοῦ καί σιδήρου καί μαρμάρου)
The wood of the citron tree is desirable because it is fragrant. If your readers would not be familiar with citron wood, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [every fragrant wood]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: γόμον χρυσοῦ καί ἀργύρου καί λίθου τιμίου καί μαργαριτῶν καί βυσσίνου καί πορφύρας καί σιρικοῦ καί κοκκίνου καί παν ξύλον θύϊνον καί παν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον καί παν σκεῦος ἐκ ξύλου τιμιωτάτου καί χαλκοῦ καί σιδήρου καί μαρμάρου)
Since there is only one kind of citron tree, by every citron wood, John means by association many kinds of wood that are fragrant like citron wood. Alternate translation: [every fragrant wood]
Note 6 topic: translate-unknown
σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον
object ivory
The word ivory describes a beautiful, hard, white material that people get from the tusks or teeth of very large animals such as elephants and walruses. Alternate translation: [beautiful containers made from tusks] or [containers made from valuable animal teeth]
Note 7 topic: translate-unknown
μαρμάρου
˱of˲_marble
The word marble describes a beautiful, valuable stone that people use in buildings and to make statues, furniture, and many other things. If your readers might not be familiar with marble, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: [beautiful stone]
OET (OET-LV) cargo of_gold, and of_silver, and of_stone precious, and of_pearls, and of_linen, and of_purple, and of_silk, and of_scarlet, and all wood citron, and every object ivory, and every object of wood most_precious, and of_bronze, and of_iron, and of_marble,
OET (OET-RV) gold and silver, precious stones and pearls, fine linen and purple cloth and silk and scarlet cloth, expensive wood and carved ivory containers and every kind of container made from the costliest wood and bronze and iron and marble,
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.
Open Bible Data site copyright © 2023–2026 Freely-Given.org.
Python source code for creating these static pages is available on GitHub under an open licence.
For Bible data copyrights, see the details for each displayed Bible version.
The Open English Translation (OET) main site is at OpenEnglishTranslation.Bible or OET.Bible.