DAN 6:18 Interlinear View

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
2. 515346
3. -
4. -
6. -
8. S
9. -
10. 360352
1. וְ,הֵיתָיִת
2. 515347,515348
3. and it was brought
4. -
5. 858
6. SV-C,VHp3fs
7. and,it_was_brought
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360353
1. אֶבֶן
2. 515349
3. a stone
4. -
5. 69
6. S-Ncfsa
7. a_stone
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360354
1. חֲדָה
2. 515350
3. one
4. -
5. 2298
6. S-Ncfsa
7. one
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360355
1. וְ,שֻׂמַת
2. 515351,515352
3. and it was set
4. -
5. 7761
6. SV-C,VQp3fs
7. and,it_was_set
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360356
1. עַל
2. 515353
3. over
4. -
5. 5922
6. S-R
7. over
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360357
2. 515354
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 360358
1. פֻּם
2. 515355
3. the mouth of
4. -
5. 6433
6. S-Ncmsc
7. the_mouth_of
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360359
1. גֻּבָּ,א
2. 515356,515357
3. the den
4. -
5. 1358
6. S-Ncmsd,Td
7. of,the_den
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360360
1. וְ,חַתְמַ,הּ
2. 515358,515359,515360
3. and he sealed it
4. -
5. 2857
6. VO-C,Vqp3ms,Sp3fs
7. and,he,sealed_it
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360361
1. מַלְכָּ,א
2. 515361,515362
3. Oh/the king
4. king
5. 4430
6. S-Ncmsd,Td
7. Oh/the=king
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360362
1. בְּ,עִזְקְתֵ,הּ
2. 515363,515364,515365
3. with signet-ring of his
4. -
5. 5824
6. S-R,Ncfsc,Sp3ms
7. with,signet-ring_of,his
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360363
1. וּ,בְ,עִזְקָת
2. 515366,515367,515368
3. and with the signet-rings of
4. -
5. 5824
6. S-C,R,Ncfsc
7. and,with,the_signet-rings_of
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360364
1. רַבְרְבָנוֹ,הִי
2. 515369,515370
3. his nobles
4. -
5. 7261
6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3ms
7. of,his_nobles
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360365
1. דִּי
2. 515371
3. that
4. -
5. 1768
6. S-C
7. that
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360366
1. לָא
2. 515372
3. not
4. -
5. 3809
6. S-Tn
7. not
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360367
2. 515373
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 360368
1. תִשְׁנֵא
2. 515374
3. it will change
4. -
5. 8133
6. V-Vqi3fs
7. it_will_change
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360369
1. צְבוּ
2. 515375
3. anything
4. -
5. 6640
6. S-Ncfsa
7. anything
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360370
1. בְּ,דָנִיֵּאל
2. 515376,515377
3. with Dāniyyʼēl
4. -
5. 1841
6. S-R,Np
7. with,Daniel
8. -
9. Y-538; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360371
2. 515378
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 360372

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 6:1–28: God delivered Daniel from the lions’ den

The new Persian king, Darius the Mede, chose Daniel to be one of the three officials who administered the kingdom. Daniel did his work so well that the other officials became jealous of him. One day they asked the king to pass a law that forbade praying to anyone but him for a period of thirty days. The king signed the law. Daniel, however, refused to obey it and continued to pray to the one true God, the God of Israel. When the king heard that Daniel had disobeyed the law, he ordered his soldiers to throw Daniel into the pit where he kept hungry lions. But God protected Daniel. The lions did not hurt him. When the king saw this, he punished Daniel’s enemies and honored Daniel and the God of Israel.

Other possible headings for this section include:

Daniel in the Pit of Lions (GNT)

Daniel and the Lions (NCV)

God protected Daniel from lions

Historical Background: The Persian empire under Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon in 539/538 BC, when Daniel was over seventy years old.Daniel was taken captive and brought to Babylon in approximately 605 B.C. If he was 12 years old when he came, he would have been 78 when this story began. The Persian empire became larger than the Babylonian empire had ever been. It extended west to include both Egypt and Libya. It extended east as far as the Indus River in what is now Pakistan. It was the largest empire in the history of the world up to that time.

Some commentators think that Darius the Mede was another name or title for the Persian King Cyrus or for the governor under him, Gubaru.

Text:

The verse numbers in the NJPS and the NJB are different from the verse numbers in the BSB. For example, 6:1 in the NJPS and the NJB is 5:31 in the BSB. The difference is because the NJPS and NJB follow the numbers in the Hebrew Bible. These Notes follow the verse numbers in the BSB.

Special Problems:

1. Lists: The author liked to include lists. In Daniel 6, he listed the different officials who conspired against Daniel (6:1–2; 7). Some languages may not have so many terms for officials. The Notes will suggest some ways to translate these lists.

2. Repetition: The author liked to repeat words and phrases in order to create suspense and emphasis. The Notes will give some suggestions on how to translate words or phrases that are repeated.

3. Verbs of Speech: The author sometimes used more than one verb of speech to introduce a quotation. In some languages, this may not be natural. The Notes will offer some options on how to translate these verbs.

4. Synonyms: The author liked to use synonyms or near synonyms to refer to the same idea. For example: 6:7–9 (ordinance, law, decree); 6:14 (rescue, delivering); 6:26 (kingdom, dominion); 6:27b (signs, wonders). The Notes will suggest different ways to translate these terms.

6:18a

Then the king went to his palace

Then the king returned to his royal house.
After that, the king went back to his great home.

Then: The Aramaic connector that the BSB translates Then here introduces the next event in the narrative. Translate this idea in a way that is natural in your language.

the king went to his palace: Refer to King Darius in the way that is most natural in your language. Some versions use a pronoun. For example:

He returned to his palace (NLT)

palace: See also the Notes at 4:4b, 4:29; 5:5c. This was the special house where the king lived. It was probably very luxurious. If you have a word for this type of house, you can use it here. Other ways to say this in English are:

the king’s big house

the king’s beautiful rich house

his official residence.

6:18b

and spent the night fasting.

All night long he did not eat any food.
He refused to eat any food the rest of the night.

spent the night fasting: This king usually ate when he came home in the evening. However, that night the king was worried about Daniel and he refused to eat anything. Here is another way to translate this:

without food (GNT)

In some languages it may be natural to start a new sentence here. For example:

He did not eat that night (NCV)

All night long he did not eat anything (CEV)

That night he refused to eat anything.

6:18c

No entertainment was brought before him,

He also refused to have anyone entertain him,
He did not allow anyone to bring him any amusements,

No entertainment was brought before him: This is a passive clause. In some languages it may be more natural to translate this as an active clause. The Aramaic form of the verb indicates that the king himself refused entertainment. Here are some ways to translate this using an active verb:

the king refused his usual entertainment (NLT)

he would not let anyone come in to entertain him (CEV)

entertainment: The meaning of the Aramaic word that the BSB translates as entertainment is uncertain. English versions translate it in different ways. For example:

it refers to any kind of entertainment. For example:
diversions (RSV) (BSB, NIV, RSV, NASB, ESV, NET, GNT, NLT, NCV)
it refers to food or drink. For example:
foodTheodotion, Vulgate, and Syriac. (NRSV) (NRSV)
it refers to other people, entertainers or female companions. For example:
concubines (NJB) (REB, NJB, GW, CEV)
it refers to music. For example:
instruments of music (KJV) (KJV)

It is likely that the king’s entertainment normally included women who made music and danced for him. However it is not certain that this is what the author was referring to here. It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). It is more general than the other options.See the footnote in the NET. Try to use an expression that refers to entertainment in general, including that provided by drinking companions, women, and musicians. For example:

He spent the night alone.

6:18d

and sleep fled from him.

and he was not able to sleep.
and he did not get any sleep.

and sleep fled from him: The Aramaic connector that the BSB translates as and here introduces another thing the king did not do that night. Translate this idea in a way that is natural in your language. For example:

that night the king did not eat, receive entertainment, or sleep

sleep fled from him: The Aramaic clause that the BSB literally translates as sleep fled from him is a figure of speech. The author described sleep as if it were a person who ran away. Translate this idea in a way that is natural in your language. You may have a different idiom that expresses the same idea.

General Comment on 6:18

In some languages it may be natural to reorder the information in 6:18a–d. For example:

^18aThen the king returned to the palace ^18dand spent a sleepless night, ^18bwithout food ^18cor any form of entertainment. (GNT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: translate-symaction

וּ⁠בָ֣ת טְוָ֔ת

(Some words not found in UHB: and,it_was_brought stone one and,it_was_set on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in mouth_of of,the_den and,he,sealed_it Oh/the=king with,signet-ring_of,his and,with,the_signet-rings_of of,his_nobles that/who not changed situation with,Daniel )

This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

וְ⁠דַחֲוָ֖ן לָא־הַנְעֵ֣ל קָֽדָמ֑וֹ⁠הִי

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

וְ⁠שִׁנְתֵּ֖⁠הּ נַדַּ֥ת עֲלֽוֹ⁠הִי

Here sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: “and he did not sleep at all that night”

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.

OET interlinear DAN 6:18