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OET interlinear DAN 8:10

◄ ← DAN 8:10 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,תִּגְדַּל
    2. 516913,516914
    3. And it became great
    4. ≈but
    5. 1431
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    7. and,it_became_great
    8. S
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361406
    1. עַד
    2. 516915
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 5704
    6. S-R
    7. to
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361407
    2. 516916
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 361408
    1. צְבָא
    2. 516917
    3. the host of
    4. -
    6. S-Ncbsc
    7. the_host_of
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361409
    1. הַ,שָּׁמָיִם
    2. 516918,516919
    3. the heavens
    4. heavens
    5. 8064
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    7. the=heavens
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361410
    1. וַ,תַּפֵּל
    2. 516920,516921
    3. and it made fall
    4. threw
    5. 5307
    6. SV-C,Vhw3fs
    7. and,it_made_fall
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361411
    1. אַרְצָ,ה
    2. 516922,516923
    3. towards land
    4. -
    5. 776
    6. S-Ncbsa,Sd
    7. towards=land
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361412
    1. מִן
    2. 516924
    3. some of
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. some_of
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361413
    2. 516925
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 361414
    1. הַ,צָּבָא
    2. 516926,516927
    3. the host
    4. -
    6. S-Td,Ncbsa
    7. the,host
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361415
    1. וּ,מִן
    2. 516928,516929
    3. and from
    4. -
    6. S-C,R
    7. and=from
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361416
    2. 516930
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 361417
    1. הַ,כּוֹכָבִים
    2. 516931,516932
    3. the stars
    4. stars
    5. 3556
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    7. the=stars
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361418
    1. וַֽ,תִּרְמְסֵ,ם
    2. 516933,516934,516935
    3. and it trampled them
    4. trampled
    5. 7429
    6. VO-C,Vqw3fs,Sp3mp
    7. and,it,trampled_them
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361419
    2. 516936
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 361420

OET (OET-LV) And_it_became_great to the_host_of the_heavens and_it_made_fall towards_land some_of the_host and_from the_stars and_it_trampled_them.

OET (OET-RV) It grew up to the army in the heavens, but it threw some of the army and some of the stars down to the earth and trampled on them.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 8:1–27 Daniel had a dream about a ram and a goat

At this point in the narrative, the author of the book of Daniel again began to write in the Hebrew language. He described another vision, this one occurring during the third year of Belshazzar’s reign over Babylon. In this vision Daniel was by the bank of a canal near the city of Susa. He saw a very powerful ram with two horns that charged in all directions. Next he saw a goat with one large horn between its eyes. The goat attacked and defeated the ram and grew very powerful. Its large horn broke and four prominent horns grew in its place. From one of those four horns grew a small horn. That little horn grew as high as the stars, as high as the army of heaven, and as high as the commander of the army. When it was at its highest, it stopped the daily sacrifices and desecrated the temple.

The angel Gabriel came to Daniel and explained the meaning of what he had seen. The ram and the goat represented kings and their kingdoms. The little horn represented a particularly wicked king. That king would even defy God, but in the end that wicked king would be destroyed.

Some versions have two headings within this section. For example:

NET Daniel Has a Vision of a Goat and a Ram (8:1)

An Angel Interprets Daniel’s Vision (8:15)

NRSV Vision of a Ram and a Goat (8:1)

Gabriel Interprets the Vision (8:15)

GNT Daniel’s Vision of a Ram and a Goat

The Angel Gabriel Explains the Vision (8:15)

BFrCL88 Second vision: the Ram and the Goat (8:1)

Interpretation of the second vision (8:15)

GeCL97 A second vision: The battle between the Ram and the Goat (8:1)

The meaning of the vision of the ram and the goat (8:15)

There are a number of similarities between chapter eight and chapter seven. For example, both chapters use symbolic language to describe kingdoms, and both use the symbol of a horn to refer to particular rulers of those kingdoms. In spite of these similarities, it is important to understand that the symbols in the two chapters do not necessarily refer to the same things. For example, while there are similarities between the two little horns, there are also important differences. The Notes will explain some of these differences. The Notes will also suggest ways to translate these symbols.

As noted above, the chapter is divided into two parts, one that describes the vision and one that gives the interpretation of the vision. Both parts lead to a climax. In the first part the horn grew until it became so great that it succeeded in everything it did (8:12). A similar sequence of events occurs in the second part of the vision. Gabriel described the growth of the horn and its climactic success (8:24–26). At the end of the chapter, Gabriel announced that God would destroy the horn (8:25).

The vision includes a number of images that may seem obscure and confusing. It is usually best to translate these images in a literal way. Even Daniel did not understand the full meaning of what he saw.

Paragraph 8:9–12

A small horn grew to become powerful and very evil.

8:10b

and it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the earth,

8:10a–b

Scholars disagree as to the symbolism of the host of the heavens and the starry host, and their relationship to one another.

  1. Some commentators and English versions identify the two clauses as both referring to the stars. For example:

    It grew strong enough to attack the army of heaven, the stars themselves, and it threw some of them to the ground (GNT) (GNT, RSV, GW, CEV, NCV, REB, probably NIV)

  2. Some commentators and English versions separate the two and draw a distinction between them in the translation. For example:

    It grew as high as the host of heaven. It threw down to the earth some of the host and some of the stars (NRSV) (BSB, KJV, NJB, NASB, NRSV, ESV, NET, NLT)

These notes take the view that the two phrases are closely associated with one another, though not strictly identical. Some scholars say that the Jewish people viewed the stars as visible representations or manifestations of angels or other heavenly beings.See Lucas page 215 Other scholars believe that both stars and the heavenly army could represent or be symbols of God’s people.See Steinmann page 402, Miller page 226, Young p. 171.

8:10a

It grew as high as the host of heaven,

It grew as high as the host of heaven: The Hebrew verb that the BSB translates as It grew is the same as in 8:9b. The horn made itself great, claiming and taking more and more power for itself. In the vision, this growth of power was symbolized by a growth in length. The horn appeared to grow longer and longer, reaching to the sky.

the host of heaven: that the BSB translates as the host of heaven means “the heavenly armies.” This phrase refers to powerful heavenly beings under God’s control.See the footnote in the NET. In the dream they are located up in the sky and are associated in some way with the stars. Here is another way to translate this:

It grew right up to the armies of heaven. (NJB)

The horn was aggressive in its growth; that is, it grew by attacking and defeating other powers. In some languages it may be natural to make this implication explicit. For example, the GNT says:

It grew strong enough to attack the army of heaven

8:10c

and trampled them.

8:10b-c

and it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the earth, and trampled them: In the vision, the horn pulled some of the stars down to the ground and walked over them, symbolically forcing them to submit to it.

some of the host and some of the stars: The Hebrew phrase that the BSB translates as some of the host and some of the stars is more literally “some of the host and/even some of the stars.” The Hebrew conjunction can be translated as and or as “even,” and so there are at two ways to interpret this phrase:

  1. the host and the stars are two ways of referring to the same concept. For example:

    the stars in the sky, which were heaven’s army (CEV) (NIV, RSV, GNT, REB, GW, CEV, NCV)

  2. the host and the stars refer to two separate concepts. For example:

    some of the host and some of the stars (NRSV) (BSB, KJV, NASB, NRSV, ESV, NET, NLT)

These notes take the view that the stars and the heavenly host are closely associated. In your translation it is good to mention them separately but indicate their close association. For example:

some of heaven’s army, some of the stars

and trampled them: A horn, of course, normally has no feet and cannot literally trample on something. But this horn forced the stars to submit to it, and humiliated them so that they were considered of no value or worth. In some languages it may be impossible to say that a horn trampled the stars. It may be necessary to say something more general like:

crushed them

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

מִן־הַ⁠צָּבָ֥א וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠כּוֹכָבִ֖ים וַֽ⁠תִּרְמְסֵֽ⁠ם

from/more_than the,host and=from the=stars and,it,trampled_them

Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

8:10 The heavenly army could refer to (1) actual divine beings, since the “small horn” attempted to destroy Israel’s divinely given religion and Israel was protected by God’s watchful eye and his armies; and/or (2) the human defenders of Israel that were fighting for God’s holy people and the Temple. Both the physical and the spiritual realms were affected by these events.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And it became great
    2. ≈but
    3. 1987,1508
    5. 516913,516914
    6. SV-C,Vqw3fs
    8. S
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361406
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 5798
    5. 516915
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361407
    1. the host of
    2. -
    3. 6629
    5. 516917
    6. S-Ncbsc
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361409
    1. the heavens
    2. heavens
    3. 1893,7839
    5. 516918,516919
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361410
    1. and it made fall
    2. threw
    3. 1987,5194
    5. 516920,516921
    6. SV-C,Vhw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361411
    1. towards land
    2. -
    3. 422,1819
    5. 516922,516923
    6. S-Ncbsa,Sd
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361412
    1. some of
    2. -
    3. 4129
    5. 516924
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361413
    1. the host
    2. -
    3. 1893,6629
    5. 516926,516927
    6. S-Td,Ncbsa
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361415
    1. and from
    2. -
    3. 1987,4129
    5. 516928,516929
    6. S-C,R
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361416
    1. the stars
    2. stars
    3. 1893,3685
    5. 516931,516932
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361418
    1. and it trampled them
    2. trampled
    3. 1987,7299,1978
    5. 516933,516934,516935
    6. VO-C,Vqw3fs,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-553; TProphecies_of_Daniel
    10. 361419

OET (OET-LV) And_it_became_great to the_host_of the_heavens and_it_made_fall towards_land some_of the_host and_from the_stars and_it_trampled_them.

OET (OET-RV) It grew up to the army in the heavens, but it threw some of the army and some of the stars down to the earth and trampled on them.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← DAN 8:10 ↑ → ► ║ ©