Open Bible Data Home  About  News  OET Key

OET OET-RV OET-LV ULT UST BSB MSB BLB AICNT OEB WEBBE WMBB NET LSV FBV TCNT T4T LEB BBE Moff JPS Wymth ASV DRA YLT Drby RV SLT Wbstr KJB-1769 KJB-1611 Bshps Gnva Cvdl TNT Wycl SR-GNT UHB BrLXX BrTr Related Topics Parallel Interlinear Reference Dictionary Search

InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV

Jos C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24

Jos 12 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24

OET interlinear JOS 12:1

◄ ↨ JOS 12:1 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וְ,אֵלֶּה
    2. 151962,151963
    3. and these
    4. including
    5. 428
    6. SP-C,Pdxcp
    7. and=these
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105088
    2. 151964
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-paseq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 105089
    1. מַלְכֵי
    2. 151965
    3. +are the kings of
    4. kings
    5. 4428
    6. S-Ncmpc
    7. [are]_the_kings_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105090
    1. הָ,אָרֶץ
    2. 151966,151967
    3. the earth/land
    4. -
    5. 776
    6. S-Td,Ncbsa
    7. the=earth/land
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105091
    1. אֲשֶׁר
    2. 151968
    3. whom
    4. -
    6. S-Tr
    7. whom
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105092
    1. הִכּוּ
    2. 151969
    3. they defeated
    4. defeated
    5. 5221
    6. V-Vhp3cp
    7. they_defeated
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105093
    1. בְנֵי
    2. 151970
    3. the people of
    4. -
    6. S-Ncmpc
    7. the_people_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105094
    2. 151971
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 105095
    1. יִשְׂרָאֵל
    2. 151972
    3. Yisrāʼēl/(Israel)
    4. ≈Israelis
    5. 3478
    6. S-Np
    7. of_Israel
    8. -
    9. Person=Israel; Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105096
    1. וַ,יִּרְשׁוּ
    2. 151973,151974
    3. and they took possession of
    4. took possession
    5. 3423
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and,they_took_possession_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105097
    1. אֶת
    2. 151975
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105098
    2. 151976
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 105099
    1. אַרְצָ,ם
    2. 151977,151978
    3. land of their
    4. region their
    5. 776
    6. O-Ncbsc,Sp3mp
    7. land_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105100
    1. בְּ,עֵבֶר
    2. 151979,151980
    3. on the other side of
    4. on side
    5. 5676
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    7. on,the_other_side_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105101
    1. הַ,יַּרְדֵּן
    2. 151981,151982
    3. the Yardēn/(Jordan)
    4. Yordan
    5. 3383
    6. S-Td,Np
    7. of,the_Jordan
    8. -
    9. Location=Jordan; Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105102
    1. מִזְרְחָ,ה
    2. 151983,151984
    3. the rising of towards
    4. -
    5. 4217
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sd
    7. the_rising_of,towards
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105103
    1. הַ,שָּׁמֶשׁ
    2. 151985,151986
    3. of the sun
    4. -
    5. 8121
    6. S-Td,Ncbsa
    7. of,the_sun
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105104
    1. מִ,נַּחַל
    2. 151987,151988
    3. from the wadi of
    4. -
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    7. from,the_wadi_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105105
    1. אַרְנוֹן
    2. 151989
    3. ʼArnōn
    4. Arnon
    5. 769
    6. S-Np
    7. of_Arnon
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105106
    1. עַד
    2. 151990
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 5704
    6. S-R
    7. to
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105107
    2. 151991
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 105108
    1. הַר
    2. 151992
    3. the mountain of
    4. Mt
    5. 2022
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. the_mountain_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105109
    1. חֶרְמוֹן
    2. 151993
    3. Ḩermōn
    4. Hermon
    5. 2768
    6. S-Np
    7. of_Hermon
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105110
    1. וְ,כָל
    2. 151994,151995
    3. and all
    4. -
    5. 3605
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    7. and=all
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105111
    2. 151996
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 105112
    1. הָ,עֲרָבָה
    2. 151997,151998
    3. the ˊArāⱱāh
    4. These
    5. 6160
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    7. the,Arabah
    8. -
    9. Location=Arabah; Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105113
    1. מִזְרָחָ,ה
    2. 151999,152000
    3. eastward
    4. -
    5. 4217
    6. S-Ncmsa,Sd
    7. eastward,
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105114
    2. 152001
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 105115

OET (OET-LV) and_these are_the_kings_of the_earth/land whom they_defeated the_people_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_they_took_possession_of DOM land_of_their on_the_other_side_of the_Yardēn/(Jordan) the_rising_of_towards of_the_sun from_the_wadi_of ʼArnōn to the_mountain_of Ḩermōn and_all the_ˊArāⱱāh eastward.

OET (OET-RV) These are the kings in the region who the Israelis defeated on the eastern side of the Yordan river and took possession of their land from the Arnon riverbed in the south to Mt. Hermon in the north, including all of the eastern rift valley plains:

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 12:1–24 The kings that Joshua and the Israelites defeated

In this section there is a list of the kings that the Israelites defeated on the east side and the west side of the Jordan River.

Here is another possible section heading:

The kings that the Israelites defeated on both sides of the Jordan River

Paragraph 12:1–6

The kings that the Israelites defeated on the east side of the Jordan River.

12:1a

Now these are the kings of the land

Now: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as Now introduces a list of two kings that the Israelites defeated. Many English versions do not translate this word. Use a word that is appropriate to introduce a list in your language.

these are the kings: In some languages it may be more natural to say that these are the names of the kings.

Here is another way to translate this phrase:

These are the names of the kings (REB)

of the land: The phrase the land indicates the land east of the Jordan River. This is not stated until 12:1c. It may be more natural in some languages to reorder this verse. A way to reorder the verse is found at the end of the notes for this verse.

12:1b

whom the Israelites struck down

whom the Israelites struck down: The Israelites defeated these kings at an earlier time, before they crossed the Jordan River. This story is found in Numbers 21:21–35. It may be helpful to express this implicit information.

Here is another way to translate this phrase:

The people of Israel had defeated these kings before they crossed the Jordan River

Israelites: The word Israelites indicates the Israelite army.

12:1c

and whose lands they took beyond the Jordan to the east,

and whose lands they took: The clause whose lands they took indicates that after the Israelites defeated the kings and their armies, they occupied their land and controlled it.

beyond the Jordan to the east: The phrase beyond the Jordan to the east indicates that the land was on the east side of the Jordan River.

12:1d

from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the Arabah eastward:

from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon: The Arnon Valley and Mount Hermon were at the south and the north of the area that the Israelites conquered east of the Jordan River.

the Arnon Valley: The Arnon River flows through a deep Valley that is dry during part of the year. It runs into the Dead Sea. Its valley is halfway between the southern and northern ends of the Dead Sea. This was the southern limit of the land that the Israelites conquered on the east side of the Jordan River.12:1 Bratcher and Newman, p. 170.

Here is another way to translate this phrase:

the valley of the Arnon River

Valley: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as Valley refers to a riverbed that has water in it only during the rainy season. This kind of riverbed is sometimes referred to by its Arabic term, wadi.

Here are some ways to translate this word:

gorge (NLT, NIV)

ravine (NCV)

wadi (NRSV, REB, NJPS)

Use the word in your language that best fits this context.

Mount Hermon: Mount Hermon is west of Damascus. It was the northern limit of the land that the Israelites conquered on the east side of the Jordan River.

including all the Arabah eastward: The Arabah is the valley of the Jordan River. The land that the Israelites conquered included all the Jordan River valley and the land to the east of it.

General Comment on 12:1

Here are some other ways to translate verse 1. These examples have partially reordered the parts of the verse. They have also broken the verse into two sentences.

These are the kings of the land east of the Jordan River that the people of Israel defeated. Israel also took possession of their land from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, and all the eastern plains. (GW)

Before Moses died, he and the Israelites had defeated two kings east of the Jordan River. These kings had ruled the region from the Arnon River Gorge in the south to Mount Hermon in the north, including the eastern side of the Jordan River Valley. (CEV)

General Comment on 12:1–5

In the Hebrew text these verses are one long sentence, and the BSB translates them this way. It is recommended that you translate these verses as several sentences. Use the sentence breaks that are most natural in your language. There are some examples of how to do this the end of each verse.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-background

וְ⁠אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָ⁠אָ֗רֶץ

and=these kings_of the=earth/land

As the Introduction to this chapter discusses, here the author begins to provide background information about how the Israelites divided up the land they conquered. This background information continues through Chapter 21. In this chapter, the author provides a summary of all the territories the Israelites conquered. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

בְּ⁠עֵ֥בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרְחָ֣⁠ה הַ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ

on,the_other_side_of of,the_Jordan the_rising_of,towards of,the_sun

As the Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout the following chapters, the author describes the location of one place relative to another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. He means here that if someone were traveling from the territories he is about to describe to the area where most of the Israelites settled, he would be coming from the rising of the sun, that is, from the east. In your translation, express this in the way your culture describes the relative location of places. Alternate translation: [to the east of the Jordan River]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

מִזְרָֽחָ⁠ה

eastward,

As the Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term sunrise by association to mean the direction where the sun rises. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: [on the east side of the Jordan River]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. and these
    2. including
    3. 1987,332
    5. 151962,151963
    6. SP-C,Pdxcp
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105088
    1. +are the kings of
    2. kings
    3. 4308
    5. 151965
    6. S-Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105090
    1. the earth/land
    2. -
    3. 1893,422
    5. 151966,151967
    6. S-Td,Ncbsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105091
    1. whom
    2. -
    3. 238
    5. 151968
    6. S-Tr
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105092
    1. they defeated
    2. defeated
    3. 5176
    5. 151969
    6. V-Vhp3cp
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105093
    1. the people of
    2. -
    3. 1043
    5. 151970
    6. S-Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105094
    1. Yisrāʼēl/(Israel)
    2. ≈Israelis
    3. 3077
    5. 151972
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Person=Israel; Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105096
    1. and they took possession of
    2. took possession
    3. 1987,3301
    5. 151973,151974
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105097
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 151975
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105098
    1. land of their
    2. region their
    3. 422,1978
    5. 151977,151978
    6. O-Ncbsc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105100
    1. on the other side of
    2. on side
    3. 846,5694
    5. 151979,151980
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105101
    1. the Yardēn/(Jordan)
    2. Yordan
    3. 1893,3173
    5. 151981,151982
    6. S-Td,Np
    8. -
    9. Location=Jordan; Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105102
    1. the rising of towards
    2. -
    3. 4070,1819
    5. 151983,151984
    6. S-Ncmsc,Sd
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105103
    1. of the sun
    2. -
    3. 1893,7670
    5. 151985,151986
    6. S-Td,Ncbsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105104
    1. from the wadi of
    2. -
    3. 4129,5081
    5. 151987,151988
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105105
    1. ʼArnōn
    2. Arnon
    3. 576
    5. 151989
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105106
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 5798
    5. 151990
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105107
    1. the mountain of
    2. Mt
    3. 1906
    5. 151992
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105109
    1. Ḩermōn
    2. Hermon
    3. 2411
    5. 151993
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105110
    1. and all
    2. -
    3. 1987,3671
    5. 151994,151995
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105111
    1. the ˊArāⱱāh
    2. These
    3. 1893,5624
    5. 151997,151998
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Location=Arabah; Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105113
    1. eastward
    2. -
    3. 4070,1819
    5. 151999,152000
    6. S-Ncmsa,Sd
    8. -
    9. Y-1450; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 105114

OET (OET-LV) and_these are_the_kings_of the_earth/land whom they_defeated the_people_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_they_took_possession_of DOM land_of_their on_the_other_side_of the_Yardēn/(Jordan) the_rising_of_towards of_the_sun from_the_wadi_of ʼArnōn to the_mountain_of Ḩermōn and_all the_ˊArāⱱāh eastward.

OET (OET-RV) These are the kings in the region who the Israelis defeated on the eastern side of the Yordan river and took possession of their land from the Arnon riverbed in the south to Mt. Hermon in the north, including all of the eastern rift valley plains:

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ↨ JOS 12:1 ↑ → ► ║ ©