ROM 5:16 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Καί
2. kai
3. And
4. and but
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y60
11. 107364
1. οὐχ
2. ou
3. not
4. -
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107365
1. ὡς
2. hōs
3. as
4. -
5. 56130
6. C·······
7. as
8. as
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107366
1. διʼ
2. dia
3. by
4. -
5. 12230
6. P·······
7. by
8. by
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107367
1. ἑνός
2. heis
3. one man
4. -
5. 15200
6. S····GMS
7. one ‹man›
8. one ‹man›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107368
1. ἁμαρτήσαντος
2. hamartaō
3. having sinned
4. -
5. 2640
6. VPAA·GMS
7. ˓having˒ sinned
8. ˓having˒ sinned
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107369
1. ἀμάρτητος
2. amartēs
3. -
4. -
5. 2655
6. N····GFS
7. sinner
8. sinner
9. -
10. -
11. 107370
1. τό
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NNS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107371
1. δώρημα
2. dōrēma
3. gift
4. -
5. 14340
6. N····NNS
7. gift
8. gift
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107372
1. τό
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NNS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107373
1. μέν
2. men
3. on one hand
4. -
5. 33030
6. C·······
7. on_one_hand
8. on_one_hand
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107374
1. γάρ
2. gar
3. for
4. -
5. 10630
6. C·······
7. for
8. for
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107375
1. κρίμα
2. krima
3. judgement
4. judgement
5. 29170
6. N····NNS
7. judgement
8. judgment
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107376
1. ἐξ
2. ek
3. of
4. -
5. 15370
6. P·······
7. of
8. of
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107377
1. ἑνός
2. heis
3. one transgression
4. -
5. 15200
6. S····GMS
7. one ‹transgression›
8. one ‹transgression›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107378
1. εἰς
2. eis
3. to
4. -
5. 15190
6. P·······
7. to
8. to
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107379
1. κατάκριμα
2. katakrima
3. condemnation
4. condemnation
5. 26310
6. N····ANS
7. condemnation
8. condemnation
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107380
1. τό
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NNS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107381
1. δέ
2. de
3. on the other hand
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. on_the_other_hand
8. on_the_other_hand
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107382
1. χάρισμα
2. χarisma
3. +the gift
4. -
5. 54860
6. N····NNS
7. ˓the˒ gift
8. ˓the˒ gift
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107383
1. ἐκ
2. ek
3. of
4. -
5. 15370
6. P·······
7. of
8. of
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107384
1. πολλῶν
2. pollos
3. many
4. -
5. 41830
6. A····GNP
7. many
8. many
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107385
1. παραπτωμάτων
2. paraptōma
3. transgressions
4. -
5. 39000
6. N····GNP
7. transgressions
8. transgressions
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107386
1. εἰς
2. eis
3. to
4. -
5. 15190
6. P·······
7. to
8. to
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107387
1. δικαίωμα
2. dikaiōma
3. just act
4. -
5. 13450
6. N····ANS
7. just_act
8. just_act
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107388

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5:12–21: We die because of Adam but live because of Jesus

In this section Paul compared the result of Adam’s sin in the Garden of Eden with the result of Jesus Christ’s sacrifice. Through the sin of Adam, the punishment of death came to all people whether they sinned like him or not. But through the sacrifice of Jesus, the gift of righteousness was given to all who believe.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

Adam and Christ (CEV)

Paul compared Adam and/with Jesus

The Results Of What Adam Did And What Jesus DidBased on Kankanaey Back Translation on TW.

5:16a

Again, the gift is not like the result of the one man’s sin:

And this/that gift is not like what came through the one man’s sin.
Also, that great gift is not like what that one man’s sin caused.

the gift is not like the result of the one man’s sin: This clause in Greek is literally “the gift (is) not as through the one man having sinned.” There are three ways to interpret this clause:

The word “through” means the results or effects of. Paul said that the gift is not like what Adam’s sin caused to happen. For example:
the free gift is not like the effect of that one man’s sin (RSV) (BSB, RSV, NIV, ESV, NABRE, NASB)
The word “through” is to be omitted. It does not contribute to the meaning here. For example:
there is a difference between God’s gift and the sin of one man (GNT) (GNT, NJB, GW, CEV, NET, NCV)
The word “through” means the results or effects of, and is also implied for the gift. For example:
the result of God’s gracious gift is very different from the result of that one man’s sin (NLT) (NLT, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because it is most consistent with the Greek text here.Cranfield, Kruse, Fitzmyer, Barrett, Stott, and Alford support interpretation (1). Moo (on TW) supports interpretation (2) in his translation, but supports interpretation (1) in his prose: “Since ‘the one who sinned’ does not make an adequate contrast with ‘the gift,’ we have to assume the point of contrast from the context; and perhaps the ‘condemnation’ from the following verse is the best alternative. We might then paraphrase, ‘and the gift is not like the condemnation that came through the one who sinned.’” Here are other ways to translate this clause according to interpretation (1):

The gift is not like that which came through the one who sinned (NASB)The NASB uses italicized words to indicate that words they have added to give the English the correct meaning.

Another distinction between God’s gift and the result of one man’s sin is this.Kankanaey Back Translation on TW.

And here is another difference between this gift of God and that not good result of the sin of Adam.Based on the Tagbanwa Back Translation on TW.

the gift: The word here in Greek is the same word as in 5:15c. Translate it in the same way here.

5:16b–c

The judgment that followed one sin brought condemnation, but the gift that followed many trespasses brought justification: There are two Greek words that combined can be translated using the English idiom “on one hand” and “on the other hand.” They contrast the two clauses. For example:

on the one hand the judgment arose from one transgression resulting in condemnation, but on the other hand the free gift arose from many transgressions resulting in justification (NASB)

A simple translation in English is but, as in the BSB.

5:16b

The judgment that followed one sin brought condemnation,

For that one man’s sin caused God to judge him, which then caused God to punish him,
For God judged the one man’s one sin and said he was guilty and named/told the punishment.

In the Greek, 5:16b begins with a word that is usually translated as “for.” It introduces an explanation of 5:16a. It does not introduce a reason here. The BSB does not translate this word, but many English versions do. For example:

For (ESV)

The judgment that followed one sin: This refers to God judging Adam guilty of sin after Adam disobeyed God’s command. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

after the one sin, God judged him guilty

Adam sinned and then God said that he did wrong

judgment: This word refers to God deciding that Adam had sinned. It does not refer to punishing Adam here. For that, see the note on “condemnation.”

one sin: Translate the word sin as you did in 5:13b. The word one indicates that this phrase refers to the sin in the Garden of Eden when Adam disobeyed God’s command.

brought: Here this word means “caused.” For example:

After the one sin, came the judgment of “Guilty” (GNT)

resulting in (NASB)

condemnation: This word refers to how someone is punished. Adam sinned and God punished him by saying that he would die.

5:16c

but the gift that followed many trespasses brought justification.

but after many people’s sins the gift of what Jesus did for us caused God to make us right with him.
But the gift of Jesus came after many sins of many people, and so God called us/people righteous/upright.

the gift that followed many trespasses brought justification: This clause indicates that after many people sinned many times, Jesus reconciled us to God (the gift), which caused God to decide that a person is acceptable to him. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

the free gift arose from many transgressions resulting in justification (NASB)

God’s free gift leads to our being made right with God, even though we are guilty of many sins (NLT)

God’s free gift came after many sins, and it makes people right with God (NCV)

the gift: The word here in Greek is the same word as in 5:15a. Translate it as you did in 5:15a.

trespasses: Translate this word as you did in 5:15.

justification: This word indicates that God decides that a person is acceptable to him. Translate this word as you did in 4:25.

General Comment on 5:16b–c

Paul used the Greek words “from” (“followed” in the BSB) and “to” (“brought” in the BSB) in both 5:16b and 5:16c. This helps to make the differences between the two clauses more clear. If possible, use similar words in both clauses. For example:

the judicial action, following on the one offence, resulted in a verdict of condemnation, but the act of grace, following on so many misdeeds, resulted in a verdict of acquittal (REB)

After that one man sinned once, it caused God to judge him guilty. But after many sins God’s free gift came, and it caused God to make people right with him

But in some languages it is better to not have exactly the same words in both places. For example:

judgment, resulting from the one transgression, led to condemnation, but the gracious gift from the many failures led to justification (NET)

following the one sin, God judged and put a burden, but following the sin of many, God’s gift came and took many people and made them righteousBased on the Yongkom Back Translation, unpublished manuscript.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

καὶ οὐχ ὡς δι’ ἑνὸς ἁμαρτήσαντος, τὸ δώρημα; τὸ μὲν γὰρ κρίμα ἐξ ἑνὸς, εἰς κατάκριμα, τὸ δὲ χάρισμα ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων, εἰς δικαίωμα

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί οὐχ ὡς διʼ ἑνός ἁμαρτήσαντος τό δώρημα τό μέν γάρ κρίμα ἐξ ἑνός εἰς κατάκριμα τό δέ χάρισμα ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων εἰς δικαίωμα)

If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second sentence gives the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: [Indeed, because the judgment came from one man unto condemnation, but the gift came from many trespasses unto justification. This is why the gift is not the same as through the one man who sinned]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τὸ δώρημα & τὸ δὲ χάρισμα

See how you translated these two phrases in the previous verse.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ὡς δι’ ἑνὸς ἁμαρτήσαντος

as by (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί οὐχ ὡς διʼ ἑνός ἁμαρτήσαντος τό δώρημα τό μέν γάρ κρίμα ἐξ ἑνός εἰς κατάκριμα τό δέ χάρισμα ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων εἰς δικαίωμα)

Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: [the same as what came through one who sinned]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἑνὸς ἁμαρτήσαντος

Here, one who sinned refers to Adam, as mentioned in [5:12–15](../05/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [Adam, the one who sinned]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τὸ μὲν γὰρ κρίμα

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of judgment, you could express the same idea in another way, as in the UST.

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἐξ ἑνὸς

of (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί οὐχ ὡς διʼ ἑνός ἁμαρτήσαντος τό δώρημα τό μέν γάρ κρίμα ἐξ ἑνός εἰς κατάκριμα τό δέ χάρισμα ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων εἰς δικαίωμα)

Here, one refers to the one sin Adam committed. It does not refer to Adam himself, as the previous one does. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [from Adam’s trespass] or [from the sin Adam committed]

Note 7 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

ἐξ ἑνὸς

Here, from one could indicate: (1) that the judgment happened after the one trespass. Alternate translation: [after one] (2) that the judgment happened because of the one trespass. Alternate translation: [because of one]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

εἰς κατάκριμα & παραπτωμάτων, εἰς δικαίωμα

to condemnation & transgressions to just_act

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of condemnation, trespasses, and justification, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: [to cause God to condemn … sinful deeds people have done, to cause God to justify]

Note 9 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

εἰς κατάκριμα

to condemnation

Here, to indicates that was follows is the result of God’s judgment. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation (omitting the comma): [to the resulting condemnation]

Note 10 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων

of many transgressions

Here, from many trespasses could indicate: (1) that the gracious gift happened after many trespasses. Alternate translation: [after many trespasses] (2) that the gracious gift happened because of many trespasses. Alternate translation: [because of many trespasses]

Note 11 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

εἰς δικαίωμα

to to just_act

Here, to indicates that was follows is the result of God’s gracious gift. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: [to the resulting justification]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. And
2. and but
3. 25320
4. S
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y60
11. 107364
1. not
2. -
3. 37560
5. ou
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107365
1. as
2. -
3. 56130
5. hōs
6. C-·······
7. as
8. as
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107366
1. by
2. -
3. 12230
5. dia
6. P-·······
7. by
8. by
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107367
1. one man
2. -
3. 15200
5. heis
6. S-····GMS
7. one ‹man›
8. one ‹man›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107368
1. having sinned
2. -
3. 2640
5. hamartaō
6. V-PAA·GMS
7. ˓having˒ sinned
8. ˓having˒ sinned
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107369
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NNS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107371
1. gift
2. -
3. 14340
5. dōrēma
6. N-····NNS
7. gift
8. gift
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107372
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NNS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107373
1. for
2. -
3. 10630
5. gar
6. C-·······
7. for
8. for
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107375
1. on one hand
2. -
3. 33030
5. men
6. C-·······
7. on_one_hand
8. on_one_hand
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107374
1. judgement
2. judgement
3. 29170
5. krima
6. N-····NNS
7. judgement
8. judgment
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107376
1. of
2. -
3. 15370
5. ek
6. P-·······
7. of
8. of
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107377
1. one transgression
2. -
3. 15200
5. heis
6. S-····GMS
7. one ‹transgression›
8. one ‹transgression›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107378
1. to
2. -
3. 15190
5. eis
6. P-·······
7. to
8. to
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107379
1. condemnation
2. condemnation
3. 26310
5. katakrima
6. N-····ANS
7. condemnation
8. condemnation
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107380
1. on the other hand
2. -
3. 11610
5. de
6. C-·······
7. on_the_other_hand
8. on_the_other_hand
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107382
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NNS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107381
1. +the gift
2. -
3. 54860
5. χarisma
6. N-····NNS
7. ˓the˒ gift
8. ˓the˒ gift
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107383
1. of
2. -
3. 15370
5. ek
6. P-·······
7. of
8. of
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107384
1. many
2. -
3. 41830
5. pollos
6. A-····GNP
7. many
8. many
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107385
1. transgressions
2. -
3. 39000
5. paraptōma
6. N-····GNP
7. transgressions
8. transgressions
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107386
1. to
2. -
3. 15190
5. eis
6. P-·······
7. to
8. to
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107387
1. just act
2. -
3. 13450
5. dikaiōma
6. N-····ANS
7. just_act
8. just_act
9. -
10. Y60
11. 107388

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 5:16