OET interlinear ROM 5:12

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

διὰ τοῦτο

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Διά τοῦτο ὥσπερ διʼ ἑνός ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τόν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν καί διά τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος καί οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν ἐφʼ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον)

The phrase For this reason indicates that what follows in [5:12–21](../05/12.md) is Paul’s explanation of the relationship between human sin and God’s grace. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: [Because of this]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ὥσπερ δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος; καὶ οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν

as by (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Διά τοῦτο ὥσπερ διʼ ἑνός ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τόν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν καί διά τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος καί οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν ἐφʼ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον)

Here Paul speaks of sin and death as if they were objects that could enter a place or spread within people. Paul means that the way God intended for the world and human beings to function became thoroughly corrupted by sin and death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [just as through one man sin began to exist in the world, and that sin would result in that man’s death, so also all men born after that man would die too]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου

by (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Διά τοῦτο ὥσπερ διʼ ἑνός ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τόν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν καί διά τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος καί οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν ἐφʼ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον)

Paul uses the phrase one man to refer to Adam, the first human being. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: [through the first man, Adam,]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ἡ ἁμαρτία & τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος; καὶ οὕτως & ὁ θάνατος

¬the sin & ¬the sin ¬the death (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Διά τοῦτο ὥσπερ διʼ ἑνός ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τόν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν καί διά τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος καί οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν ἐφʼ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον)

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of sin and death, you could use different expressions. Alternate translation: [sinful things … sinful things, living things could die, so also the ability to die]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Διά τοῦτο ὥσπερ διʼ ἑνός ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τόν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν καί διά τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος καί οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν ἐφʼ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον)

Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: [and through sin death entered into the world]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

ἀνθρώπους

people

Although the term men is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: [people]

Note 7 topic: writing-pronouns

ἐφ’ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον

for that all sinned

Here the pronoun which could refer to: (1) the fact that Paul states in the next phrase. Alternate translation: [because of this fact, namely, that all sinned] (2) the one man mentioned earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: [because of the one man, all sinned]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

πάντες

all

Paul is using the adjective all as a noun in order to describe a group of people. If your language does not use adjectives in the same way, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: [all men] or [all humanity] or [all people]