OET interlinear ROM 5:13

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

γὰρ

for

For here indicates that what follows in 5:13–14 explains what came before it. Here it explains how death and sin existed before the law. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ἄχρι γὰρ νόμου & μὴ ὄντος νόμου

until for /the/_law & not being /the/_law

Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “For until the law came … as that was when there was no law”

Note 3 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

νόμου & νόμου

/the/_law & /the/_law

In this verse law refers to the laws that God gave the Jews. See how you translated law in 2:12.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ἁμαρτία & ἁμαρτία

sin & sin

See how you translated sin in the previous verse.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἁμαρτία ἦν ἐν κόσμῳ

sin was in world

Here Paul speaks of sin as if it were an object that could exist in a place. Paul means that people sinned in the world before God gave his laws to Moses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people sinned in the world”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

(Occurrence 2) ἁμαρτία & οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται

sin & not /is_being/_imputed

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Paul implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God did not charge them with sinning” or “God did not reckon it as sin”

(Occurrence 2) ἁμαρτία & οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται

sin & not /is_being/_imputed

Alternate translation: “a record of sin is not kept” or “no account is kept of sins”

Note 7 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

μὴ ὄντος νόμου

not being /the/_law

Here, being could indicate: (1) the reason why sin is not charged. Alternate translation: “because there was no law” (2) the time when sin is not charged. Alternate translation: “when there was no law”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

μὴ ὄντος νόμου

not being /the/_law

Here, no law implies that God had not yet given people his laws that could help them identify what sin is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “being no law to identify to people what sin is”