OET interlinear ROM 5:14

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ θάνατος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ μέχρι Μωϋσέως, καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς

reigned ¬the death from Adam until Moses even over the_‹ones›

Here Paul speaks of death as if it were a king who ruled over people. Paul means that nobody could prevent themselves from dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [no human from Adam until Moses could escape dying, even those] or [human life from Adam until Moses inevitably ended in death, even the lives of those]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ὁ θάνατος

¬the death

See how you translated death in [5:12](../05/12.md).

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ μέχρι Μωϋσέως

from Adam until Moses

Here, Adam refers to the period of time when Adam lived and Moses refers to the period of time when Moses lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [from the time when Adam lived until the time when Moses lived]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish

καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ ἁμαρτήσαντας ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ

even over the_‹ones› not ˓having˒_sinned in the likeness ˱of˲_the transgression ˱of˲_Adam

This phrase gives further information about over whom death ruled. It is not making a distinction between those who lived during the time of Adam and Moses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: [even over the people who did not disobey God in the same way as did Adam]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ, ὅς ἐστιν τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος

over in the likeness ˱of˲_the transgression ˱of˲_Adam who is ˓a˒_pattern ˱of˲_the_‹one› coming

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of likeness, transgression, and pattern, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: [in the same way that Adam transgressed, who typifies the one who is coming] or [exactly how Adam transgressed, who resembles the one who is coming]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ

over in the likeness ˱of˲_the transgression ˱of˲_Adam

Paul is using the possessive form to describe how the likeness relates to the transgression. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: [like Adam’s transgression] or [in the same way Adam transgressed]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

Ἀδάμ, ὅς ἐστιν τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος

˱of˲_Adam who is ˓a˒_pattern ˱of˲_the_‹one› coming

Paul speaks of Adam as if he were a model or pattern. Paul means that Adam’s role is similar to the role of the one who is coming because both people do things that affect all human beings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Adam, who is a replica of the one who is coming] or [Adam, who models the one who is coming]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τοῦ μέλλοντος

˱of˲_the_‹one› coming

The phrase the one who is coming refers to Jesus. Paul means that Adam represents the ideal human being, Jesus, who would come in the future. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [representing Jesus, who would come in the future] or [prefiguring Jesus, who was destined to come]