GAL 4:23 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Ἀλλʼ
2. alla
3. But
4. but
5. 2350
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. S
10. Y58
11. 127190
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the one
4. The
5. 35880
6. R····NMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127191
1. μέν
2. men
3. on one hand
4. -
5. 33030
6. C·······
7. on_one_hand
8. on_one_hand
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127192
1. ἐκ
2. ek
3. of
4. -
5. 15370
6. P·······
7. of
8. of
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127193
1. τῆς
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127194
1. παιδίσκης
2. paidiskē
3. servant girl
4. girl's
5. 38140
6. N····GFS
7. servant_girl
8. servant_girl
9. -
10. Y58; F127212; F127218
11. 127195
1. κατά
2. kata
3. according to
4. -
5. 25960
6. P·······
7. according_to
8. according_to
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127196
1. σάρκα
2. sarka
3. flesh
4. -
5. 45610
6. N····AFS
7. flesh
8. flesh
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127197
1. γεγέννηται
2. gennaō
3. has been born
4. born
5. 10800
6. VIEP3··S
7. ˓has_been˒ born
8. ˓has_been˒ born
9. -
10. Y58; F127211
11. 127198
1. γεγένηται
2. ginomai
3. -
4. -
5. 10960
6. VIEP3··S
7. ˓has_been˒ become
8. ˓has_been˒ become
9. -
10. -
11. 127199
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the one
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····NMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. -
10. Y58; F127211
11. 127200
1. δέ
2. de
3. on the other hand
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. on_the_other_hand
8. on_the_other_hand
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127201
1. ἐκ
2. ek
3. of
4. -
5. 15370
6. P·······
7. of
8. of
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127202
1. τῆς
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127203
1. ἐλευθερίας
2. eleutheria
3. -
4. -
5. 16570
6. N····GFS
7. freedom
8. freedom
9. -
10. -
11. 127204
1. ἐλευθέρας
2. eleutheros
3. free woman
4. free woman's
5. 16580
6. S····GFS
7. free ‹woman›
8. free ‹woman›
9. -
10. Y58; F127212
11. 127205
1. διʼ
2. dia
3. through
4. -
5. 12230
6. P·······
7. through
8. through
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127206
1. τῆς
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. -
11. 127207
1. ἐπαγγελίας
2. epaŋgelia
3. +a promise
4. promise
5. 18600
6. N····GFS
7. ˓a˒ promise
8. ˓a˒ promise
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127208

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 4:21–31: Because the Galatians are spiritual sons of Abraham they are free from slavery

In this section, Paul explained why the Galatians should return to freedom and reject the teaching of the false teachers. He contrasted two sons of Abraham: the son of the slave woman and the son of the free woman. The son of the slave woman represented slavery to the law. The son of the free woman represented the freedom of living in the grace of Christ. Living in slavery to the law is in conflict with living in the grace of Christ. Those who live in the grace of Christ must reject slavery to the law.

Some possible headings for this section are:

Hagar and Sarah

The covenant of the promise is better than the covenant of the law

Choose grace, not the law

Paragraph 4:21–23

In this paragraph, Paul explained the difference between Abraham’s two sons.

4:23a

His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh,

His son by the slave woman was born in the usual way, (GNT)
The son of the slave woman was born because humans tried to fulfill God’s promise.

His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh: The phrase was born according to the flesh refers to the way that the son of the slave woman was conceived. God had promised Abraham a son. But he had no children with his wife. So he took the slave woman, Hagar, and had a child with her. This child was born because Abraham attempted to fulfil God’s promise on his own. The child was conceived and born in the normal, human way.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

Abraham’s son from the slave woman was born in the normal human way. (NCV)

The son of the slave wife was born in a human attempt to bring about the fulfillment of God’s promise. (NLT)

His son from the slave woman was conceived and born because of the plan of people.

The birth of the son of the slave woman was only a natural birth.

See flesh, Meaning 5 in the Glossary for more information.

4:23b

but his son by the free woman was born through the promise.

but his son by the free woman was born as a result of God’s promise. (GNT)
But the son of the woman who was not a slave was born because God fulfilled his promise.

but his son by the free woman was born through the promise: The phrase was born through the promise refers to the way that the son of the free woman was conceived. Abraham’s wife Sarah was too old to have a child. But God had promised to give Abraham many descendants. As a result of that promise, Sarah miraculously became pregnant and gave birth.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

But the son from the free woman was born because of the promise God made to Abraham. (NCV)

But the son of the freeborn wife was born as God’s own fulfillment of his promise. (NLT)

But the birth of the son of the free woman was possible only because God promised he would do this.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

ἀλλ’

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀλλʼ ὁ μέν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατά σάρκα γεγέννηται ὁ δέ ἐκ τῆς ἐλευθέρας διʼ ἐπαγγελίας)

Here, Paul is using the word And to introduce additional information regarding the two sons mentioned in [4:22](../04/22.md). In the remainder of this verse, Paul contrasts the way in which the two sons were born. Alternate translation: [Now]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

παιδίσκης & ἐλευθέρας

servant_girl & free_‹woman›

See how you translated slave girl and free woman in [4:22](../04/22.md).

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

κατὰ σάρκα

Here, the phrase according to the flesh means that Ishmael was born in the natural way by which all children are born, without God intervening and performing a miracle. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: [in the natural way]

Note 4 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

δὲ

Here, the word but is introducing a contrast. It is introducing a contrast between Ishmael, the one who was born from the slave girl according to the flesh and Isaac, who was born from the free woman, through promise. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a contrast.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

δι’ ἐπαγγελίας

through ˓a˒_promise

Here, the phrase through promise means “through God’s promise to Abraham” and refers to God supernaturally intervening and enabling Abraham’s wife Sarah (the free woman) to become pregnant in order to fulfill his promise to Abraham. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: [through God’s promise to Abraham] or [was conceived supernaturally as a result of what God had promised to Abraham]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. But
2. but
3. 2350
4. S
5. alla
6. C-·······
7. but
8. but
9. S
10. Y58
11. 127190
1. the one
2. The
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····NMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127191
1. on one hand
2. -
3. 33030
5. men
6. C-·······
7. on_one_hand
8. on_one_hand
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127192
1. of
2. -
3. 15370
5. ek
6. P-·······
7. of
8. of
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127193
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127194
1. servant girl
2. girl's
3. 38140
5. paidiskē
6. N-····GFS
7. servant_girl
8. servant_girl
9. -
10. Y58; F127212; F127218
11. 127195
1. has been born
2. born
3. 10800
5. gennaō
6. V-IEP3··S
7. ˓has_been˒ born
8. ˓has_been˒ born
9. -
10. Y58; F127211
11. 127198
1. according to
2. -
3. 25960
5. kata
6. P-·······
7. according_to
8. according_to
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127196
1. flesh
2. -
3. 45610
5. sarka
6. N-····AFS
7. flesh
8. flesh
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127197
1. on the other hand
2. -
3. 11610
5. de
6. C-·······
7. on_the_other_hand
8. on_the_other_hand
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127201
1. the one
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····NMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. -
10. Y58; F127211
11. 127200
1. of
2. -
3. 15370
5. ek
6. P-·······
7. of
8. of
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127202
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127203
1. free woman
2. free woman's
3. 16580
5. eleutheros
6. S-····GFS
7. free ‹woman›
8. free ‹woman›
9. -
10. Y58; F127212
11. 127205
1. through
2. -
3. 12230
5. dia
6. P-·······
7. through
8. through
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127206
1. +a promise
2. promise
3. 18600
5. epaŋgelia
6. N-····GFS
7. ˓a˒ promise
8. ˓a˒ promise
9. -
10. Y58
11. 127208

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear GAL 4:23

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 4:21–31: Because the Galatians are spiritual sons of Abraham they are free from slavery

Paragraph 4:21–23

4:23a

4:23b

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)