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Rev 1 V1 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20

OET interlinear REV 1:2

← REV 1:2 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. ὅς
    2. hos
    3. who
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····NMS
    7. who
    8. who
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155358
    1. ἐμαρτύρησεν
    2. martureō
    3. testified
    4. -
    5. 31400
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. testified
    8. testified
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155359
    1. τόν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155360
    1. λόγον
    2. logos
    3. message
    4. message
    5. 30560
    6. N····AMS
    7. message
    8. word
    9. -
    10. Y96; F155369
    11. 155361
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155362
    1. Θεοῦ
    2. theos
    3. of god
    4. -
    5. 23160
    6. N····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y96; Person=God
    11. 155363
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155364
    1. τήν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155365
    1. μαρτυρίαν
    2. marturia
    3. testimony
    4. testimony
    5. 31410
    6. N····AFS
    7. testimony
    8. testimony
    9. -
    10. Y96; F155369
    11. 155366
    1. Ἰησοῦ
    2. iēsous
    3. of Yaʸsous
    4. -
    5. 24240
    6. N····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
    8. ˱of˲ Jesus
    9. UN
    10. Person=Jesus; Y96
    11. 155367
    1. Χριστοῦ
    2. χristos
    3. chosen one messiah
    4. messiah
    5. 55470
    6. N····GMS
    7. chosen_one/messiah
    8. Christ
    9. WN
    10. Y96; Person=Jesus
    11. 155368
    1. ὅσα
    2. hosos
    3. as much as
    4. -
    5. 37450
    6. R····ANP
    7. as_much_as
    8. as_much_as
    9. -
    10. Y96; R155361; R155366
    11. 155369
    1. τέ
    2. te
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 50370
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 155370
    1. εἶδεν
    2. horaō
    3. he saw
    4. saw
    5. 37080
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ saw
    8. ˱he˲ saw
    9. -
    10. Y96; R155354
    11. 155371

OET (OET-LV) who testified the message of_ the _god, and the testimony of_Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah, as_much_as he_saw.

OET (OET-RV) who then faithfully passed on everything he saw of God’s message and the testimony of Yeshua the messiah.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:1–3: John introduced his book

In this section, John indicated that the contents of the revelation were given to Jesus by God. Then Jesus gave it to an angel, and the angel gave it to John. John wrote it in this book for all believers to read.

These verses explain the purpose of the book, give information about the author, and offer a blessing to those who read the book.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

Introduction

Introduction to the book

Opening remarks/words of the book

Some translations do not start a book with a section heading. Consider whether or not you should use one.

1:2a–b

who testifies to everything he saw. This is the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ: The Greek words are literally “who testifies to the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ(,) whatever he saw.” The phrase “everything he saw” explains the phrase “This is the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ.” In other words, both phrases refer to the messages, visions, and prophecies in this book. For example:

who faithfully reported everything he saw. This is his report of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ. (NLT)

John testified about what he saw: God’s word and the testimony about Jesus Christ. (GW)

who has told everything he has seen. It is the word of God; it is the message from Jesus Christ. (NCV)

1:2a

who testifies to everything he saw.

who testifies: This clause tells the reader more about John (1:1c). In some languages a literal translation would wrongly indicate that there were other people named John who received this message and only this John testifies. If that is true in your language, translate this clause so that it tells more about John. For example:

John testifies

and I testify

testifies: The Greek word that the BSB translates as testifies means “to tell/report what one saw, heard, or knows.” The word is often used when the person speaking is expected to be truthful and accurate. Other ways to translate this word are:

faithfully reported (NLT)

told…about (CEV)

has borne witness (NJB)

The Greek grammar is usually translated with the English past tense. Many English versions use the past tense here, as in the NLT example above. But since John will tell his readers the revelation after this, the BSB uses the present tense. The present tense in English here refers generally to what he wrote in this book. Use the tense that is natural in your language. For example:

is testifying

testified

everything he saw: John implies everything that he heard as well. In some languages a literal translation would not imply that. If that is true in your language, include the implied meaning in your translation. For example:

everything he saw and heard

1:2b

This is the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ.

This is: In the Greek the phrase “everything he saw” explains the phrase “the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ.” The BSB adds the words This is to indicate the connection between the two phrases. See the note on 1:2a–b for other ways to translate the connection between these phrases.

the word of God: The phrase the word of God here indicates that the word was from God. It is not one word but a message. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

the message from God (GNT)

this word from/of God

the true words of God

the things that God said to me

the testimony of Jesus Christ: The word of here allows two meanings: the testimony that Jesus Christ spoke, and the testimony about Jesus.

The first meaning refers to what he said in chapters 2 and 3, his words in 22:7 to obey the words of this book, and in 22:16 he said that this book was a testimony that he sent to the churches.

The second meaning refers to what this book says about Jesus, for example 1:10–18 and 19:11–16.

Both meanings are true here. In many languages the word of allows both meanings. If that is true in your language, use of here. But some languages must choose one meaning or the other. If that is true in your language, translate the first meaning.Aune (page 19) says, “‘the witness borne by Jesus’…seems more likely (and) suggests that the phrase…means ‘the contents of this book.’” Osbourne (page 56) says, “In 1:1–2…Jesus functions as the revealer of divine truth, and so the subjective sense is strongly favored by the context….” Some ways to translate this phrase with that meaning are:

the truth revealed by Jesus Christ (GNT)

the message from Jesus Christ (NCV)

testimony: The word testimony means “the words spoken about what one knows.” It implies that the spoken words are truthful and accurate. Other ways to translate this word are:

witness (NJB)

true message

General Comment on 1:2a–b

In the Greek, the phrase “to everything he saw” occurs at the end of the verse. In some languages it is more natural to follow this order. For example:

John testifies to the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ, namely, everything he saw and heard.

who testifies to the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ. With/By this talk, he means everything he saw and heard.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: translate-tense

ὃς ἐμαρτύρησεν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅς ἐμαρτύρησεν τόν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τήν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὅσα εἶδεν)

Although John uses the past tense and says attested, he means that he is testifying to what he saw by sending this written record of his visions to the believers in the seven churches. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [who is attesting, by sending you this written record of his visions,]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅς ἐμαρτύρησεν τόν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τήν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὅσα εἶδεν)

These two phrases mean similar things. John is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: [to what God told Jesus Christ to disclose]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅς ἐμαρτύρησεν τόν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τήν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὅσα εἶδεν)

John uses word figuratively to refer to the message that God spoke by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [to the message that God spoke]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅς ἐμαρτύρησεν τόν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τήν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὅσα εἶδεν)

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of testimony, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [to the things about which Jesus Christ testified]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

1:2 reported (Greek martureō) . . . testimony (Greek marturia): These closely related Greek words indicate an authentic witness and emphasize that the sacrificial witness of Jesus and the authentic testimony of John are the basis for the revelation.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. who
    2. -
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····NMS
    7. who
    8. who
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155358
    1. testified
    2. -
    3. 31400
    5. martureō
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. testified
    8. testified
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155359
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155360
    1. message
    2. message
    3. 30560
    5. logos
    6. N-····AMS
    7. message
    8. word
    9. -
    10. Y96; F155369
    11. 155361
    1. of
    2. -
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y96; Person=God
    11. 155363
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155362
    1. god
    2. -
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y96; Person=God
    11. 155363
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155364
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155365
    1. testimony
    2. testimony
    3. 31410
    5. marturia
    6. N-····AFS
    7. testimony
    8. testimony
    9. -
    10. Y96; F155369
    11. 155366
    1. of Yaʸsous
    2. -
    3. 24240
    4. UN
    5. iēsous
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
    8. ˱of˲ Jesus
    9. UN
    10. Person=Jesus; Y96
    11. 155367
    1. chosen one messiah
    2. messiah
    3. 55470
    4. WN
    5. χristos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. chosen_one/messiah
    8. Christ
    9. WN
    10. Y96; Person=Jesus
    11. 155368
    1. as much as
    2. -
    3. 37450
    5. hosos
    6. R-····ANP
    7. as_much_as
    8. as_much_as
    9. -
    10. Y96; R155361; R155366
    11. 155369
    1. he saw
    2. saw
    3. 37080
    5. horaō
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ saw
    8. ˱he˲ saw
    9. -
    10. Y96; R155354
    11. 155371

OET (OET-LV) who testified the message of_ the _god, and the testimony of_Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah, as_much_as he_saw.

OET (OET-RV) who then faithfully passed on everything he saw of God’s message and the testimony of Yeshua the messiah.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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← REV 1:2 ↑ → ► ║ ©