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Rev 1 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20

OET interlinear REV 1:8

← REV 1:8 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Ἐγώ
    2. egō
    3. I
    4. -
    5. 14730
    6. R···1N·S
    7. I
    8. I
    9. PDS
    10. Y96
    11. 155530
    1. εἰμί
    2. eimi
    3. am
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIPA1··S
    7. am
    8. am
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155531
    1. τό
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NNS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155532
    1. Ἄλφα
    2. alfa
    3. first letter
    4. -
    5. 10
    6. N····NNS
    7. first_letter
    8. Alpha
    9. W
    10. Y96
    11. 155533
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155534
    1. ἐγώ
    2. egō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 14730
    6. R···1N·S
    7. I
    8. I
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 155535
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. D·······
    7. also
    8. also
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 155536
    1. τό
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NNS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155537
    1. Ω
    2. ō
    3. last letter
    4. -
    5. 55980
    6. N····NNS
    7. last_letter
    8. Omega
    9. W
    10. Y96
    11. 155538
    1. Ἀρχή
    2. arχē
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 7460
    6. N····NFS
    7. ˓the˒ Beginning
    8. ˓the˒ Beginning
    9. W
    10. -
    11. 155539
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 155540
    1. Τέλος
    2. telos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 50560
    6. N····NNS
    7. ˓the˒ End
    8. ˓the˒ End
    9. W
    10. -
    11. 155541
    1. λέγει
    2. legō
    3. is saying
    4. -
    5. 30040
    6. VIPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ saying
    8. ˓is˒ saying
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155542
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 155543
    1. Κύριος
    2. kurios
    3. +the master
    4. Yahweh
    5. 29620
    6. N····NMS
    7. ˓the˒ master
    8. ˓the˒ Lord
    9. GN
    10. Y96
    11. 155544
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155545
    1. Θεός
    2. theos
    3. god
    4. God
    5. 23160
    6. N····NMS
    7. god
    8. God
    9. GN
    10. Y96; Person=God
    11. 155546
    1. Ὁ
    2. ho
    3. the one
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NMS
    7. the ‹one›
    8. the ‹one›
    9. c
    10. Y96
    11. 155547
    1. ὤν
    2. eimi
    3. being
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VPPA·NMS
    7. being
    8. being
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155548
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155549
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. who
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NMS
    7. who
    8. who
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155550
    1. ἦν
    2. eimi
    3. was
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIIA3··S
    7. was
    8. was
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155551
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155552
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. who
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NMS
    7. who
    8. who
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155553
    1. ἐρχόμενος
    2. erχomai
    3. coming
    4. -
    5. 20640
    6. VPPM·NMS
    7. coming
    8. coming
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155554
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155555
    1. Παντοκράτωρ
    2. pantokratōr
    3. almighty
    4. -
    5. 38410
    6. N····NMS
    7. almighty
    8. Almighty
    9. G
    10. Y96
    11. 155556

OET (OET-LV) I am the first_letter and the last_letter, is_saying the_master, the god:
the one being, and who was, and who coming, the almighty.

OET (OET-RV) “I am the A and the Z,” says Yahweh God, the one who is and was and will be—the most powerful one.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:4–8: John greeted the churches and praised Jesus

In this section, John identified himself and indicated to whom the letter was addressed. He greeted them in the usual way that was done in letters at that time. He then praised Jesus and told the readers of this letter what its theme was.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

Greetings to the Seven Churches (GNT)

John introduced himself and greeted the seven churches

Greeting and introduction from John

1:8a

“I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God,

I am the Alpha and the Omega: There is a textual issue in 1:8a: (1) Some early Greek manuscripts have the phrase the Alpha and the Omega (BSB, RSV, NIV, GNT, NJB, NASB, NLT, GW, CEV, NET, NABRE, REB, ESV, NCV). (2) Some early Greek manuscripts have the phrases the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end (KJV only). It is recommended that you follow option (1), because the UBS Greek NT recommends it. The NLT follows option (1) but explains the idiom in the text: “the Alpha and the Omega—the beginning and the end,” as the footnote in the NLT shows. Alpha is the name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet. Omega is the name of the last letter of that alphabet. Here the phrase the Alpha and the Omega is used as a title. It is also a figure of speech. So this saying indicates that:

  1. God is eternal.

  2. He has authority over the beginning and the end of all things. This implies that everything in between the beginning and the end is also under his authority. He has control over all things and events.

In some languages a literal translation would not have the correct meaning. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

This title is similar in meaning to the titles “The First and the Last” (1:17, 2:8, 22:13) and “The Beginning and End” (21:6, 22:13). If possible, you should translate the three titles in similar but different ways. This is helpful, since all three titles occur in 22:13.

I: The pronoun I is emphasized in the Greek. If you have a natural way to emphasize the pronoun I here, you may want to do so.

says the Lord God: The BSB places the phrase says the Lord God after what God said. The BSB also places the verb says before the phrase the Lord God. That order is a poetic English style. The BSB word order follows the Greek word order literally. You should place this phrase where it is most natural in your language.

says: John probably used the present tense to indicate that God always describes himself as the Alpha and the Omega.

the Lord God: The Greek word that the BSB translates as Lord means “the one in authority over (others),” or “owner.” Here the word is used to indicate that God has authority over all things. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

God the Lord

Sovereign God

1:8b

who is and was and is to come—the Almighty.

who is and was and is to come—the Almighty: There are two ways to interpret who spoke these words:

  1. Here John spoke about God. Versions that follow this interpretation do not put quotation marks around these words. For example:

    the one who is, and who was, and who is still to come—the All-Powerful! (NET) (BSB, RSV, GNT, NJB, GW, NET, REB)

  2. Here God continued speaking about himself. Versions that follow this interpretation put quotation marks around these words. For example:

    “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.” (NASB) (NIV, NASB, NABRE, NLT, CEV, ESV, NCV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because 1:8a uses “I” but 1:8b uses a word ending that means “he.”Mounce (page 73) says “The latter portion of the verse is not spoken by God but about him. The use of the threefold title in 1:4 and the third person in ‘and [he] was’ supports this position.”

who is and was and is to come: Translate this saying as you did in 1:4.

the Almighty: The word Almighty means “the one with the power to do anything.” This is a title for God. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

the God of all power

the one who has all power

To translate naturally in your language, you may need to put this title in a separate sentence. For example:

He is the Almighty.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-quotations

ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, λέγει Κύριος, ὁ Θεός, ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν, καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ Παντοκράτωρ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐγώ εἰμί τό Ἄλφα καί τό Ω λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός Ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν καί ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ Παντοκράτωρ)

The phrase says the Lord God indicates that the clauses before and after this phrase are quotations. If it would be helpful in your language, you could move this phrase to the beginning or end of the verse. Alternate translation: [The Lord God says, “I am the alpha and the omega, the one being and the one having been and the one coming, the Ruler of All]

Note 2 topic: translate-textvariants

τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, λέγει Κύριος

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐγώ εἰμί τό Ἄλφα καί τό Ω λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός Ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν καί ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ Παντοκράτωρ)

Some versions add the phrase “the Beginning and the End” after this statement. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the reading of the ULT and not include the extra phrase.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐγώ εἰμί τό Ἄλφα καί τό Ω λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός Ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν καί ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ Παντοκράτωρ)

The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet are alpha and omega. When God says that he is these letters, he means that he is the one who was at the beginning of all things and who will be at the end of all things. If you wish to retain this image in your translation, you could use the first and last letters of your own alphabet. Alternatively, you could use plain language. See the next two notes for further possibilities. Alternate translation: [the A and the Z] or [the one who was at the beginning of all things and who will be at the end of all things]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐγώ εἰμί τό Ἄλφα καί τό Ω λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός Ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν καί ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ Παντοκράτωρ)

The implication of God having been at the beginning of all things may be that God created all things, and the implication of that fact that God will be at the end of all things may be that God will bring all things to their appropriate end. In other words, God may be asserting his identity as the creator of the world and the ultimate judge of the world. Alternate translation: [the creator and the ultimate judge of the world]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / merism

τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐγώ εἰμί τό Ἄλφα καί τό Ω λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός Ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν καί ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ Παντοκράτωρ)

God may also be using the first and last letters of the alphabet to represent two extremes of time, the beginning and end of time, in order to mean those extremes and all of the time in between. In that case, this expression would be equivalent to what God says in the rest of the quotation in this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [the one who has always existed]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν, καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος

¬the who who the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐγώ εἰμί τό Ἄλφα καί τό Ω λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός Ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν καί ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ Παντοκράτωρ)

See how you translated this phrase in [1:4](../01/04.md).

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

1:8 I am is the name of God in the Old Testament (Exod 3:13-14; 6:2; Deut 6:4). Jesus applied this name to himself (cp. John 4:26). Alpha and Omega are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet; they signify that God’s actions are all-encompassing. God is fully in control.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. I
    2. -
    3. 14730
    4. PDS
    5. egō
    6. R-···1N·S
    7. I
    8. I
    9. PDS
    10. Y96
    11. 155530
    1. am
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-IPA1··S
    7. am
    8. am
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155531
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NNS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155532
    1. first letter
    2. -
    3. 10
    4. W
    5. alfa
    6. N-····NNS
    7. first_letter
    8. Alpha
    9. W
    10. Y96
    11. 155533
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155534
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NNS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155537
    1. last letter
    2. -
    3. 55980
    4. W
    5. ō
    6. N-····NNS
    7. last_letter
    8. Omega
    9. W
    10. Y96
    11. 155538
    1. is saying
    2. -
    3. 30040
    5. legō
    6. V-IPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ saying
    8. ˓is˒ saying
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155542
    1. +the master
    2. Yahweh
    3. 29620
    4. GN
    5. kurios
    6. N-····NMS
    7. ˓the˒ master
    8. ˓the˒ Lord
    9. GN
    10. Y96
    11. 155544
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155545
    1. god
    2. God
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····NMS
    7. god
    8. God
    9. GN
    10. Y96; Person=God
    11. 155546
    1. the one
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. c
    5. ho
    6. R-····NMS
    7. the ‹one›
    8. the ‹one›
    9. c
    10. Y96
    11. 155547
    1. being
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-PPA·NMS
    7. being
    8. being
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155548
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155549
    1. who
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····NMS
    7. who
    8. who
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155550
    1. was
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-IIA3··S
    7. was
    8. was
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155551
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155552
    1. who
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····NMS
    7. who
    8. who
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155553
    1. coming
    2. -
    3. 20640
    5. erχomai
    6. V-PPM·NMS
    7. coming
    8. coming
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155554
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 155555
    1. almighty
    2. -
    3. 38410
    4. G
    5. pantokratōr
    6. N-····NMS
    7. almighty
    8. Almighty
    9. G
    10. Y96
    11. 155556

OET (OET-LV) I am the first_letter and the last_letter, is_saying the_master, the god:
the one being, and who was, and who coming, the almighty.

OET (OET-RV) “I am the A and the Z,” says Yahweh God, the one who is and was and will be—the most powerful one.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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← REV 1:8 ↑ → ► ║ ©