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Rev 3 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

OET interlinear REV 3:1

◄ ↨ REV 3:1 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Καί
    2. kai
    3. And
    4. but
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. PS
    10. Y96
    11. 156637
    1. τῷ
    2. ho
    3. to the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DMS
    7. ˱to˲ the
    8. ˱to˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156638
    1. ἀγγέλῳ
    2. aŋgelos
    3. messenger
    4. messenger
    5. 320
    6. N····DMS
    7. messenger
    8. angel
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156639
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. of the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156640
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156641
    1. Σάρδεσιν
    2. sardeis
    3. Sardeis
    4. Sardis
    5. 45540
    6. N····DFP
    7. Sardeis
    8. Sardis
    9. U
    10. Location=Sardis; Y96
    11. 156642
    1. ἐκκλησίας
    2. ekklēsia
    3. assembly
    4. assembly's
    5. 15770
    6. N····GFS
    7. assembly
    8. assembly
    9. -
    10. Y96; F156666; F156668; F156671; F156673; F156675; F156695; F156698; F156700; F156702; F156704; F156709; F156719; F156726; F156728
    11. 156643
    1. ἐκκλησίαις
    2. ekklēsia
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 15770
    6. N····DFP
    7. assemblies
    8. assemblies
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 156644
    1. γράψον
    2. grafō
    3. write
    4. write
    5. 11250
    6. VMAA2··S
    7. write
    8. write
    9. -
    10. Y96; R155558; Person=John2
    11. 156645
    1. Τάδε
    2. hode
    3. These things
    4. -
    5. 35920
    6. R····ANP
    7. these ‹things›
    8. these ‹things›
    9. D
    10. Y96
    11. 156646
    1. λέγει
    2. legō
    3. is saying
    4. -
    5. 30040
    6. VIPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ saying
    8. ˓is˒ saying
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156647
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. the one
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NMS
    7. the ‹one›
    8. the ‹one›
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156648
    1. ἔχων
    2. eχō
    3. having
    4. -
    5. 21920
    6. VPPA·NMS
    7. having
    8. having
    9. -
    10. Y96; F156711; F156724; F156747; F156765; F156776
    11. 156649
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156650
    1. ἑπτά
    2. hepta
    3. seven
    4. -
    5. 20330
    6. E····ANP
    7. seven
    8. seven
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156651
    1. πνεύματα
    2. pneuma
    3. spirits
    4. spirits
    5. 41510
    6. N····ANP
    7. spirits
    8. spirits
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156652
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156653
    1. Θεοῦ
    2. theos
    3. of god
    4. God
    5. 23160
    6. N····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y96; Person=God
    11. 156654
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156655
    1. τούς
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156656
    1. ἑπτά
    2. hepta
    3. seven
    4. -
    5. 20330
    6. E····AMP
    7. seven
    8. seven
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156657
    1. ἀστέρας
    2. astēr
    3. stars
    4. stars
    5. 7920
    6. N····AMP
    7. stars
    8. stars
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156658
    1. Οἶδα
    2. eidō
    3. I have known
    4. -
    5. 14920
    6. VIEA1··S
    7. ˱I˲ ˓have˒ known
    8. ˱I˲ ˓have˒ known
    9. D
    10. Y96
    11. 156659
    1. σοῦ
    2. su
    3. of you
    4. -
    5. 47710
    6. R···2G·S
    7. ˱of˲ you
    8. ˱of˲ you
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156660
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156661
    1. ἔργα
    2. ergon
    3. works
    4. -
    5. 20410
    6. N····ANP
    7. works
    8. works
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156662
    1. ὅτι
    2. hoti
    3. that
    4. -
    5. 37540
    6. C·······
    7. that
    8. that
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156663
    1. τό
    2. ho
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····ANS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 156664
    1. ὄνομα
    2. onoma
    3. +the name
    4. reputation
    5. 36860
    6. N····ANS
    7. ˓the˒ name
    8. ˓the˒ name
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156665
    1. ἔχεις
    2. eχō
    3. you are having
    4. -
    5. 21920
    6. VIPA2··S
    7. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ having
    8. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ having
    9. -
    10. Y96; R156643
    11. 156666
    1. ὅτι
    2. hoti
    3. that
    4. -
    5. 37540
    6. C·······
    7. that
    8. that
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156667
    1. ζῇς
    2. zaō
    3. you are living
    4. -
    5. 21980
    6. VIPA2··S
    7. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ living
    8. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ living
    9. -
    10. Y96; R156643
    11. 156668
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and yet
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and_yet
    8. and_yet
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156669
    1. νεκρός
    2. nekros
    3. dead
    4. dead
    5. 34980
    6. S····NMS
    7. dead
    8. dead
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156670
    1. εἶ
    2. eimi
    3. you are
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIPA2··S
    7. ˱you˲ are
    8. ˱you˲ are
    9. -
    10. Y96; R156643
    11. 156671

OET (OET-LV) And to_the messenger of_the in Sardeis assembly write:
These things is_saying the one having the seven spirits of_ the _god and the seven stars:
I_have_known of_you the works, that the_name you_are_having, that you_are_living, and_yet dead you_are.

OET (OET-RV) To the assembly’s messenger in Sardis write:
¶ The one having the seven spirits of God and the seven stars says these things: “I know what you’re achieving and that you have a reputation of being ‘alive’, but you’re actually dead.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 3:1–6: Jesus spoke to the church at Sardis

In this section, Jesus spoke to the people who believed in him at Sardis. He said that although people thought that the believers in Sardis trusted and obeyed him well, this was not true. He told them they must begin to truly trust and obey him again. He encouraged the believers who still completely trusted and obeyed him. Lastly, he gave a promise to any believer who persevered in his faith.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

The Message to Sardis (GNT)

Jesus gave a message for the church at Sardis

Advice to the group of believers at Sardis

Translate this heading as you did for the other messages to the churches (for example, Section 2:18–29).

3:1a

“To the angel of the church in Sardis write:

To the angel of the church in Sardis write: You should translate this clause in the same way that you did in 2:18. You only need to change the name to Sardis.

3:1b

These are the words of the One

3:1b–c

These are the words of the One who holds the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars: This clause is an introduction to the words in 3:2–6. You should translate the phrase These are the words of the One who holds as you did in 2:1.

Jesus spoke these words about himself. He continues to speak in 3:1d, using the pronoun “I.” In some languages a literal translation would wrongly indicate that Jesus was talking about someone else here. If that is true in your language, indicate that Jesus spoke about himself. For example:

These are my words, and I hold the seven spirits of God and the seven stars.

the One who holds: The Greek word that the BSB translates as holds also means “has.” Here the word indicates that Jesus in some way possessed or controlled the seven spirits and the seven stars. Translate using a word with that meaning. For example:

the one who has (GNT)

See how you translated the word “held” in 1:16.

3:1c

who holds the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars.

the seven Spirits: Many scholars believe that the phrase the seven Spirits is a symbolic way to refer to the Holy Spirit. Other scholars believe that the phrase refers to seven angels or to seven other spirits who serve God.See the lists of scholars at 1:4. See how you translated this phrase in 1:4.

If you used a footnote to explain the seven Spirits at 1:4, you may want to:

3:1d

I know your deeds;

I know your deeds: The Greek word that the BSB translates as deeds means “actions” or “activities.” You should translate this clause as you did in 2:19.

your: As in the beginning of the other letters, the pronoun your is second person singular. This pronoun refers to the angel of the church as the representative of all the believers there. In many languages it is more natural to use plural pronouns here and in the following verses to refer to the believers directly. See how you translated this pronoun in 2:2.

3:1e

you have a reputation for being alive, yet you are dead.

In the Greek, 3:1e begins with a word that means “that.” It introduces an explanation. Some ways to translate this word are:

that (KJV)

how (NJB)

The BSB and some English versions end 3:1d with a semi-colon (;) to indicate that there is a connection and allow the context to imply that 3:1e explains 3:1d. Other English versions end 3:1d with a period and allow the context to imply that 3:1e explains 3:1d.

you have a reputation for being alive: The word reputation refers to what people thought and said about the believers in Sardis. The people thought that the faith of these believers was alive. Other ways to translate this clause are:

People say that you are alive (NCV)

You are known for being alive (GW)

Everyone may think you are alive (CEV)

alive…dead: The word alive refers figuratively to following/obeying Jesus well. The word dead refers figuratively to following Jesus very poorly. People thought that the believers in Sardis followed Jesus well. But in fact the believers did not. They did not behave according to what they said they believed. They were like dead people, who cannot even move their bodies.

In some languages people will think that this saying refers to only physical life and death. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς

˓the˒_name ˱you˲_˓are˒_having that ˱you˲_˓are˒_living

Here, name represents the reputation of a person or group. Alternate translation: [you have a reputation for being alive]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ὅτι ζῇς, καὶ νεκρὸς εἶ

that that ˱you˲_˓are˒_living (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Σάρδεσιν ἐκκλησίας γράψον Τάδε λέγει ὁ ἔχων τά ἑπτά πνεύματα τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τούς ἑπτά ἀστέρας Οἶδα σοῦ τά ἔργα ὅτι ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς καί νεκρός εἶ)

When Jesus says that the believers in Sardis have a reputation for being alive, he does not mean literally alive, but spiritually vibrant, that is, obeying and honoring God and experiencing God’s presence and power. Similarly, when Jesus speaks as if the believers in Sardis were literally dead, he means that they are not spiritually vibrant. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [for being spiritually vibrant, but actually you are not]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

3:1 Sardis, nearly 50 miles (80 kilometers) east of Smyrna on the southeast highway from Pergamum and Thyatira, was home to a large colony of prosperous Jews, called “Sephardic” after the city’s ancient name. Its fortified acropolis gave its inhabitants an overconfident sense of security.
• a reputation for being alive—but you are dead: Other churches may have believed that the Sardian Christians comprised a dynamic church, but their secularism revealed their lack of spiritual life.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. And
    2. but
    3. 25320
    4. PS
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. PS
    10. Y96
    11. 156637
    1. to the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····DMS
    7. ˱to˲ the
    8. ˱to˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156638
    1. messenger
    2. messenger
    3. 320
    5. aŋgelos
    6. N-····DMS
    7. messenger
    8. angel
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156639
    1. of the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156640
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    5. en
    6. P-·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156641
    1. Sardeis
    2. Sardis
    3. 45540
    4. U
    5. sardeis
    6. N-····DFP
    7. Sardeis
    8. Sardis
    9. U
    10. Location=Sardis; Y96
    11. 156642
    1. assembly
    2. assembly's
    3. 15770
    5. ekklēsia
    6. N-····GFS
    7. assembly
    8. assembly
    9. -
    10. Y96; F156666; F156668; F156671; F156673; F156675; F156695; F156698; F156700; F156702; F156704; F156709; F156719; F156726; F156728
    11. 156643
    1. write
    2. write
    3. 11250
    5. grafō
    6. V-MAA2··S
    7. write
    8. write
    9. -
    10. Y96; R155558; Person=John2
    11. 156645
    1. These things
    2. -
    3. 35920
    4. D
    5. hode
    6. R-····ANP
    7. these ‹things›
    8. these ‹things›
    9. D
    10. Y96
    11. 156646
    1. is saying
    2. -
    3. 30040
    5. legō
    6. V-IPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ saying
    8. ˓is˒ saying
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156647
    1. the one
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····NMS
    7. the ‹one›
    8. the ‹one›
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156648
    1. having
    2. -
    3. 21920
    5. eχō
    6. V-PPA·NMS
    7. having
    8. having
    9. -
    10. Y96; F156711; F156724; F156747; F156765; F156776
    11. 156649
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156650
    1. seven
    2. -
    3. 20330
    5. hepta
    6. E-····ANP
    7. seven
    8. seven
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156651
    1. spirits
    2. spirits
    3. 41510
    5. pneuma
    6. N-····ANP
    7. spirits
    8. spirits
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156652
    1. of
    2. God
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y96; Person=God
    11. 156654
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156653
    1. god
    2. God
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. Y96; Person=God
    11. 156654
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156655
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156656
    1. seven
    2. -
    3. 20330
    5. hepta
    6. E-····AMP
    7. seven
    8. seven
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156657
    1. stars
    2. stars
    3. 7920
    5. astēr
    6. N-····AMP
    7. stars
    8. stars
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156658
    1. I have known
    2. -
    3. 14920
    4. D
    5. eidō
    6. V-IEA1··S
    7. ˱I˲ ˓have˒ known
    8. ˱I˲ ˓have˒ known
    9. D
    10. Y96
    11. 156659
    1. of you
    2. -
    3. 47710
    5. su
    6. R-···2G·S
    7. ˱of˲ you
    8. ˱of˲ you
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156660
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156661
    1. works
    2. -
    3. 20410
    5. ergon
    6. N-····ANP
    7. works
    8. works
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156662
    1. that
    2. -
    3. 37540
    5. hoti
    6. C-·······
    7. that
    8. that
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156663
    1. +the name
    2. reputation
    3. 36860
    5. onoma
    6. N-····ANS
    7. ˓the˒ name
    8. ˓the˒ name
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156665
    1. you are having
    2. -
    3. 21920
    5. eχō
    6. V-IPA2··S
    7. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ having
    8. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ having
    9. -
    10. Y96; R156643
    11. 156666
    1. that
    2. -
    3. 37540
    5. hoti
    6. C-·······
    7. that
    8. that
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156667
    1. you are living
    2. -
    3. 21980
    5. zaō
    6. V-IPA2··S
    7. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ living
    8. ˱you˲ ˓are˒ living
    9. -
    10. Y96; R156643
    11. 156668
    1. and yet
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and_yet
    8. and_yet
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156669
    1. dead
    2. dead
    3. 34980
    5. nekros
    6. S-····NMS
    7. dead
    8. dead
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 156670
    1. you are
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-IPA2··S
    7. ˱you˲ are
    8. ˱you˲ are
    9. -
    10. Y96; R156643
    11. 156671

OET (OET-LV) And to_the messenger of_the in Sardeis assembly write:
These things is_saying the one having the seven spirits of_ the _god and the seven stars:
I_have_known of_you the works, that the_name you_are_having, that you_are_living, and_yet dead you_are.

OET (OET-RV) To the assembly’s messenger in Sardis write:
¶ The one having the seven spirits of God and the seven stars says these things: “I know what you’re achieving and that you have a reputation of being ‘alive’, but you’re actually dead.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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