ROM 10:20 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Ἠσαΐας
2. ēsaias
3. Aʸsaias
4. -
5. 22680
6. N····NMS
7. Aʸsaias/(Yəshaˊ\sup yāh\sup*)
8. Isaiah
9. -
10. Y60; F110034; F110052
11. 110030
1. Δέ
2. de
3. And
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. US
10. Y60
11. 110031
1. ἀποτολμᾷ
2. apotolmaō
3. is daring
4. -
5. 6620
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ daring
8. ˓is˒ daring
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110032
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110033
1. λέγει
2. legō
3. is saying
4. -
5. 30040
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ saying
8. ˓is˒ saying
9. -
10. Y60; R110030
11. 110034
1. Εὑρέθην
2. euriskō
3. I was found
4. found
5. 21470
6. VIAP1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ found
8. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ found
9. B
10. Y60
11. 110035
1. ἐν
2. en
3. by
4. -
5. 17220
6. P·······
7. by
8. by
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110036
1. τοῖς
2. ho
3. the ones
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····DMP
7. the ‹ones›
8. the ‹ones›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110037
1. ἐμέ
2. egō
3. me
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1A·S
7. me
8. me
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110038
1. μή
2. mē
3. not
4. -
5. 33610
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110039
1. ζητοῦσιν
2. zēteō
3. seeking
4. looking for
5. 22120
6. VPPA·DMP
7. seeking
8. seeking
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110040
1. ἐμφανής
2. emfanēs
3. manifest
4. -
5. 17170
6. S····NMS
7. manifest
8. manifest
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110041
1. ἐγενόμην
2. ginomai
3. I became
4. -
5. 10960
6. VIAM1··S
7. ˱I˲ became
8. ˱I˲ became
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110042
1. ἐν
2. en
3. -
4. -
5. 17220
6. P·······
7. to
8. to
9. -
10. -
11. 110043
1. τοῖς
2. ho
3. to the ones
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····DMP
7. ˱to˲ the ‹ones›
8. ˱to˲ the ‹ones›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110044
1. ἐμέ
2. egō
3. me
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1A·S
7. me
8. me
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110045
1. μή
2. mē
3. not
4. -
5. 33610
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110046
1. ἐπερωτῶσιν
2. eperōtaō
3. asking
4. asking
5. 19050
6. VPPA·DMP
7. asking
8. asking
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110047

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:16–21: The Jews do not believe and are stubborn

In this section Paul spoke about the Jews. They heard the good news about Jesus as the Christ/Messiah, but many did not believe it. God made some of them jealous of God bringing many non-Jews into his kingdom, even though they were not seeking him before they heard the good news. Paul then quoted Isaiah about the Jews being disobedient and opposing God.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

Many Jews have rejected the gospel of Jesus

Gentiles accept Jesus but Jews reject him

10:20a

And Isaiah boldly says:

And Isaiah boldly said long ago,
Also the prophet Isaiah, boldly wrote in God’s word that he/God said this about the non-Jews,

And: The Greek word here is usually translated “and” or “but.” Some English versions use “Then” to indicate that Isaiah spoke after Moses (10:19b). Isaiah lived many years after the time Moses lived.

Isaiah boldly says: The Greek is literally, “Isaiah is-bold/daring and says.” God spoke the words of 10:20b–c and Isaiah wrote them in Scripture. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

Isaiah is bold in/with writing these words of God:

Isaiah was fearless enough to tell that the Lord had said (CEV)

These words introduce a quote from the Old Testament. Some languages usually introduce Old Testament quotes in a certain way. For example:

in the Scriptures Isaiah boldly wrote what God said

Isaiah wrote in the Holy Book God boldly saying this

says: The Greek verb is present tense says, but Isaiah wrote the words of 10:20b–c over seven hundred years before Paul lived. Greek scholars call it the historical present. In many languages the normal way of referring to a past event must be used. For example:

to have said

Paul introduced the quote in 10:21b with the words “as for Israel,” which implies that the quote in 10:20b–c was about the Gentiles. If you want to make explicit who Paul spoke of in this verse, you should refer to the Gentiles. For example:

to say about the non-Jews

10:20b

“I was found by those who did not seek Me;

“I was discovered by people who were not seeking me,
“People were not looking for me, but some of them found me.

The words of 10:20b–c are from Isaiah 65:1.

I was found by those who did not seek Me: This clause is passive. Some languages must translate with an active clause. For example:

those who did not seek me found me

I was found: Here the word found indicates that people learn who the true God is. It does not imply that God was lost or hiding. Translate with that meaning. For example:

I was discovered

they learned about me

was found: Here the word was indicates that in the past, at various times, people found God. Your translation should not indicate or imply that people found God all at the same time.

those who did not seek Me: The Greek verb here refers to seeking at any time. For example:

those not seeking me

10:20c

I revealed Myself to those who did not ask for Me.”

and I have made myself known to people who were not asking about me.”
People were not asking others about who I was, but I revealed that/myself to them.”

I revealed Myself: There are numerous ways to interpret the Greek word that the BSB translates as revealed Myself. Here are the main ones:

Here it refers to God making himself manifest or revealing himself to people. For example:
I have shown myself (RSV) (BSB, RSV, NIV, NASB, KJV, ESV, NLT, NABRE, REB, NCV)
Here it refers to God making himself visible to people. For example:
I appeared (GNT) (GNT, NJB, CEV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because BDAG and L&N support it.

those who did not ask for Me: This phrase refers to people who asked others to tell them about the one true God. The Greek verb here refers to asking at any time. For example:

those not asking for me

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-quotations

Ἠσαΐας δὲ ἀποτολμᾷ καὶ λέγει

Isaiah (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἠσαΐας Δέ ἀποτολμᾷ καί λέγει Εὑρέθην ἐν τοῖς ἐμέ μή ζητοῦσιν ἐμφανής ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμέ μή ἐπερωτῶσιν)

Here Paul uses this phrase to introduce a quotation from an Old Testament book ([Isaiah 65:1](../isa/65/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: [Isaiah is very bold, and he says in the Scriptures]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / pastforfuture

ἀποτολμᾷ καὶ λέγει

˓is˒_daring (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἠσαΐας Δέ ἀποτολμᾷ καί λέγει Εὑρέθην ἐν τοῖς ἐμέ μή ζητοῦσιν ἐμφανής ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμέ μή ἐπερωτῶσιν)

Here Paul uses the present tense verbs is and says to refer to something that happened in the past. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: [was very bold, and he said]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

Ἠσαΐας & ἀποτολμᾷ καὶ λέγει

Isaiah & ˓is˒_daring (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἠσαΐας Δέ ἀποτολμᾷ καί λέγει Εὑρέθην ἐν τοῖς ἐμέ μή ζητοῦσιν ἐμφανής ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμέ μή ἐπερωτῶσιν)

This phrase means that Isaiah wrote down what God said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [Isaiah is very bold, and he wrote down that God said]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / quotemarks

εὑρέθην ἐν τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ζητοῦσιν; ἐμφανὴς ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ἐπερωτῶσιν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἠσαΐας Δέ ἀποτολμᾷ καί λέγει Εὑρέθην ἐν τοῖς ἐμέ μή ζητοῦσιν ἐμφανής ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμέ μή ἐπερωτῶσιν)

In these two sentences Paul is quoting [Isaiah 65:1](../isa/65/01.md) from the Old Testament. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.

Note 5 topic: writing-pronouns

εὑρέθην & ἐμὲ & ἐμφανὴς & ἐμὲ

In this verse the pronoun I refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [I, God, was found … me; I, God, appeared … for me]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

εὑρέθην ἐν τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ζητοῦσιν; ἐμφανὴς ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ἐπερωτῶσιν

These two clauses mean the same thing. Paul quotes God saying the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: [I was revealed to those people who did not even want to know me]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / pastforfuture

εὑρέθην & ἐμφανὴς

Paul quotes God using the past tense in order to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: [I will be found … I will appear]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

εὑρέθην ἐν τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ζητοῦσιν

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [Those who were not seeking me found me]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ζητοῦσιν; ἐμφανὴς ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ἐπερωτῶσιν

the_‹ones› ˱to˲_the_‹ones› (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἠσαΐας Δέ ἀποτολμᾷ καί λέγει Εὑρέθην ἐν τοῖς ἐμέ μή ζητοῦσιν ἐμφανής ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμέ μή ἐπερωτῶσιν)

These two clauses refer to non-Jewish people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [the non-Jews, who were not seeking me; I appeared to the non-Jews, who were not asking for me]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. And
2. -
3. 11610
4. US
5. de
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. US
10. Y60
11. 110031
1. Aʸsaias
2. -
3. 22680
5. ēsaias
6. N-····NMS
7. Aʸsaias/(Yəshaˊ\sup yāh\sup*)
8. Isaiah
9. -
10. Y60; F110034; F110052
11. 110030
1. is daring
2. -
3. 6620
5. apotolmaō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ daring
8. ˓is˒ daring
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110032
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110033
1. is saying
2. -
3. 30040
5. legō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ saying
8. ˓is˒ saying
9. -
10. Y60; R110030
11. 110034
1. I was found
2. found
3. 21470
4. B
5. euriskō
6. V-IAP1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ found
8. ˱I˲ ˓was˒ found
9. B
10. Y60
11. 110035
1. by
2. -
3. 17220
5. en
6. P-·······
7. by
8. by
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110036
1. the ones
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····DMP
7. the ‹ones›
8. the ‹ones›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110037
1. me
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1A·S
7. me
8. me
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110038
1. not
2. -
3. 33610
5. mē
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110039
1. seeking
2. looking for
3. 22120
5. zēteō
6. V-PPA·DMP
7. seeking
8. seeking
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110040
1. manifest
2. -
3. 17170
5. emfanēs
6. S-····NMS
7. manifest
8. manifest
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110041
1. I became
2. -
3. 10960
5. ginomai
6. V-IAM1··S
7. ˱I˲ became
8. ˱I˲ became
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110042
1. to the ones
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····DMP
7. ˱to˲ the ‹ones›
8. ˱to˲ the ‹ones›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110044
1. me
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1A·S
7. me
8. me
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110045
1. not
2. -
3. 33610
5. mē
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110046
1. asking
2. asking
3. 19050
5. eperōtaō
6. V-PPA·DMP
7. asking
8. asking
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110047

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 10:20

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 10:16–21: The Jews do not believe and are stubborn

10:20a

10:20b

10:20c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)