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Rom C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16

Rom 10 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21

OET interlinear ROM 10:14

◄ ← ROM 10:14 ↓ → ► ║ ≡ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. πῶς
    2. pōs
    3. how
    4. -
    5. 44590
    6. D·······
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109906
    1. Οὖν
    2. oun
    3. Therefore
    4. -
    5. 37670
    6. C·······
    7. therefore
    8. therefore
    9. PS
    10. Y60
    11. 109907
    1. ἐπικαλέσωνται
    2. epikaleō
    3. they may call
    4. -
    5. 19410
    6. VSAM3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ call
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ call
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109908
    1. ἐπικαλέσονται
    2. epikaleō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 19410
    6. VIFM3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ calling
    8. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ calling
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 109909
    1. εἰς
    2. eis
    3. on
    4. -
    5. 15190
    6. P·······
    7. on
    8. on
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109910
    1. ὅν
    2. hos
    3. whom
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····AMS
    7. whom
    8. whom
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109911
    1. οὐκ
    2. ou
    3. not
    4. don't
    5. 37560
    6. D·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109912
    1. ἐπίστευσαν
    2. pisteuō
    3. they believed
    4. -
    5. 41000
    6. VIAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ believed
    8. ˱they˲ believed
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109913
    1. πῶς
    2. pōs
    3. how
    4. -
    5. 44590
    6. D·······
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109914
    1. Δέ
    2. de
    3. And
    4. But
    5. 11610
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 109915
    1. πιστεύσουσιν
    2. pisteuō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 41000
    6. VIFA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ believing
    8. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ believing
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 109916
    1. πιστεύσωσιν
    2. pisteuō
    3. they may believe
    4. -
    5. 41000
    6. VSAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ believe
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ believe
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109917
    1. ὅ
    2. hos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····ANS
    7. what
    8. what
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 109918
    1. οὗ
    2. hos
    3. of whom
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ whom
    8. ˱of˲ whom
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109919
    1. οὐκ
    2. ou
    3. not
    4. -
    5. 37560
    6. D·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109920
    1. ἤκουσαν
    2. akouō
    3. they heard
    4. heard
    5. 1910
    6. VIAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ heard
    8. ˱they˲ heard
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109921
    1. πῶς
    2. pōs
    3. how
    4. -
    5. 44590
    6. D·······
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109922
    1. Δέ
    2. de
    3. And
    4. -
    5. 11610
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 109923
    1. ἀκούσουσιν
    2. akouō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VIFA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ hearing
    8. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ hearing
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 109924
    1. ἀκούσωνται
    2. akouō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VSAM3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ hear
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ hear
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 109925
    1. ἀκούσονται
    2. akouō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VIFM3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ hearing
    8. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ hearing
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 109926
    1. ἀκούσωσιν
    2. akouō
    3. they may hear
    4. hear
    5. 1910
    6. VSAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ hear
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ hear
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109927
    1. χωρίς
    2. χōris
    3. apart from
    4. -
    5. 55650
    6. P·······
    7. apart_from
    8. apart_from
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109928
    1. κηρύσσοντος
    2. kērussō
    3. proclaiming
    4. told
    5. 27840
    6. VPPA·GMS
    7. proclaiming
    8. proclaiming
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109929

OET (OET-LV) Therefore how they_may_call on whom not they_believed?
And how they_may_believe of_whom not they_heard?
And how they_may_hear apart_from proclaiming?

OET (OET-RV) But how could they appeal to a god that they don’t even believe in? And how could they believe if they haven’t even heard about him? And how would they hear if no one told them?

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:5–15: Salvation for everyone is by faith not works

In this section Paul spoke about righteousness based on the Law of Moses and righteousness based on faith. The righteousness which comes from the Law is based on doing what the Law says. The righteousness which comes from faith is not based on what a person does but is instead a matter of the heart.

God rescues the person who believes in Jesus and announces that Jesus is his Lord. Paul said that this is true for both Jews and people who are not Jews. Jesus is Lord of all of them. and blesses them very much.

Paul then asked several questions for the believers in Rome to think about. He implied that someone must be sent and preach, and people must hear, believe, and call on Jesus. Paul ended the section with a quote from the Old Testament about how it is good to preach the good news.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

God saves anyone, Jew or Gentile, who believes in Jesus

Salvation by faith and the need for preaching near and far

10:14a

How then can they call on the One in whom they have not believed?

How then can they call on the One in whom they have not believed?: This is a rhetorical question. It invites the reader to ponder how people would call on someone (to save them) if they do not believe in him. It implies that people must first believe in someone before calling on him to save them. Translate with that meaning. Here are some ways:

How then can: The word then connects this question to what Paul just said. In some languages this word must be first in the clause. For example:

Therefore, how can

they: Here this word refers generally to anyone (“everyone,” 10:13).

call: This word has the same meaning as in 10:13.

the One: This word here refers to the Lord (10:13), implying Jesus.

in whom they have not believed: To “believe in” someone means to agree to what someone stands for, to trust him, to rely on him, to be committed to him. See how your translated this word in 1:16 or 10:11.

10:14b–15a

The form of the Greek questions in 10:14b, 10:14c and 10:15a are the same as in 10:14a, where the BSB translates as “How…can they…?”

10:14b

And how can they believe in the One of whom they have not heard?

And how can they believe in the One of whom they have not heard?: This is a rhetorical question. It invites the reader to ponder how people would believe in someone if they have not heard of him. It implies that people must first hear of someone before they can believe in him. Translate with that meaning. Here are some ways:

10:14c

And how can they hear without someone to preach?

And how can they hear without someone to preach?: This is a rhetorical question. It invites the reader to ponder how people would hear about someone if no one has preached about him. It implies that someone must first preach about that person so that people can hear about him. Translate with that meaning. Here are some ways:

someone to preach: The Greek word that the BSB translates as someone to preach means “someone who speaks important information or news loudly and in public.” Here are other ways to translate this word:

announce

proclaimed (GNT)

See how you translated this word in 2:21 or 10:8 (where the BSB translates it as “proclaiming”).

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν? πῶς δὲ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν? πῶς δὲ ἀκούσωσιν χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος

how how how (Some words not found in SR-GNT: πῶς Οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὅν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν πῶς Δέ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν πῶς Δέ ἀκούσωσιν χωρίς κηρύσσοντος)

Paul is not asking for information, but is using three rhetorical questions here to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as statements or exclamations and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: [Then surely they would not call on whom they have not believed! And surely they would not believe in whom they have not heard! And surely they would not hear without someone preaching!]

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

πῶς οὖν

how how how (Some words not found in SR-GNT: πῶς Οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὅν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν πῶς Δέ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν πῶς Δέ ἀκούσωσιν χωρίς κηρύσσοντος)

Here, then indicates that what follows in [10:14–15](../10/14.md) is the logical conclusion to what Paul has stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: [As a result, how]

Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns

ἐπικαλέσωνται & οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν & πιστεύσωσιν & οὐκ ἤκουσαν & ἀκούσωσιν

˱they˲_˓may˒_call & not ˱they˲_believed & ˱they˲_˓may˒_believe & not ˱they˲_heard & ˱they˲_˓may˒_hear

In this verse they refers to all people, both Jews and Gentiles, as stated in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [would all people call … they have not believed … would all people believe in … they have not heard … would all people hear]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν

˱they˲_˓may˒_call on (Some words not found in SR-GNT: πῶς Οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὅν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν πῶς Δέ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν πῶς Δέ ἀκούσωσιν χωρίς κηρύσσοντος)

See how you translated call on in [10:12](../10/12.md).

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν & οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: πῶς Οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὅν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν πῶς Δέ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν πῶς Δέ ἀκούσωσιν χωρίς κηρύσσοντος)

These clauses refer to Jesus, whom Paul called the Lord in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [Jesus, whom they have not believed … Jesus, whom they have not heard]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν & ἀκούσωσιν & κηρύσσοντος

˱of˲_whom not ˱they˲_heard & ˱they˲_˓may˒_hear & proclaiming

Paul is leaving out some of the words that these sentences would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: [whom they have not heard about … would they hear about him … someone preaching about him]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Therefore
    2. -
    3. 37670
    4. PS
    5. oun
    6. C-·······
    7. therefore
    8. therefore
    9. PS
    10. Y60
    11. 109907
    1. how
    2. -
    3. 44590
    5. pōs
    6. D-·······
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109906
    1. they may call
    2. -
    3. 19410
    5. epikaleō
    6. V-SAM3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ call
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ call
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109908
    1. on
    2. -
    3. 15190
    5. eis
    6. P-·······
    7. on
    8. on
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109910
    1. whom
    2. -
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····AMS
    7. whom
    8. whom
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109911
    1. not
    2. don't
    3. 37560
    5. ou
    6. D-·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109912
    1. they believed
    2. -
    3. 41000
    5. pisteuō
    6. V-IAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ believed
    8. ˱they˲ believed
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109913
    1. And
    2. But
    3. 11610
    4. S
    5. de
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 109915
    1. how
    2. -
    3. 44590
    5. pōs
    6. D-·······
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109914
    1. they may believe
    2. -
    3. 41000
    5. pisteuō
    6. V-SAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ believe
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ believe
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109917
    1. of whom
    2. -
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ whom
    8. ˱of˲ whom
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109919
    1. not
    2. -
    3. 37560
    5. ou
    6. D-·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109920
    1. they heard
    2. heard
    3. 1910
    5. akouō
    6. V-IAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ heard
    8. ˱they˲ heard
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109921
    1. And
    2. -
    3. 11610
    4. S
    5. de
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 109923
    1. how
    2. -
    3. 44590
    5. pōs
    6. D-·······
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109922
    1. they may hear
    2. hear
    3. 1910
    5. akouō
    6. V-SAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ hear
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ hear
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109927
    1. apart from
    2. -
    3. 55650
    5. χōris
    6. P-·······
    7. apart_from
    8. apart_from
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109928
    1. proclaiming
    2. told
    3. 27840
    5. kērussō
    6. V-PPA·GMS
    7. proclaiming
    8. proclaiming
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109929

OET (OET-LV) Therefore how they_may_call on whom not they_believed?
And how they_may_believe of_whom not they_heard?
And how they_may_hear apart_from proclaiming?

OET (OET-RV) But how could they appeal to a god that they don’t even believe in? And how could they believe if they haven’t even heard about him? And how would they hear if no one told them?

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← ROM 10:14 ↑ → ► ║ ≡ ©