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interlinearVerse INTGENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOSJDGRUTH1SA2SAPSAAMOSHOS1KI2KI1CH2CHPROECCSNGJOELMICISAZEPHABJERLAMYNANAHOBADANEZEEZRAESTNEHHAGZECMALJOBYHNMARKMATLUKEACTsYACGAL1TH2TH1COR2CORROMCOLPHMEPHPHP1TIMTIT1PET2PET2TIMHEBYUD1YHN2YHN3YHNREV

Rom C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10C11C12C13C14C15C16

OET interlinear ROM 10:14

 ROM 10:14 ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variants)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. πῶς
    2. pōs
    3. how
    4. -
    5. 44590
    6. D.......
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. Y60
    12. 110833
    1. οὖν
    2. oun
    3. Therefore
    4. -
    5. 37670
    6. C.......
    7. therefore
    8. therefore
    9. PS
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110834
    1. ἐπικαλέσωνται
    2. epikaleō
    3. they may call
    4. -
    5. 19410
    6. VSAM3..P
    7. ˱they˲ /may/ call
    8. ˱they˲ /may/ call
    9. -
    10. 81%
    11. -
    12. 110835
    1. ἐπικαλέσονται
    2. epikaleō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 19410
    6. VIFM3..P
    7. ˱they˲ /will_be/ calling
    8. ˱they˲ /will_be/ calling
    9. -
    10. V
    11. -
    12. 110836
    1. εἰς
    2. eis
    3. on
    4. -
    5. 15190
    6. P.......
    7. on
    8. on
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110837
    1. ὃν
    2. hos
    3. whom
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R....AMS
    7. whom
    8. whom
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110838
    1. οὐκ
    2. ou
    3. not
    4. don't
    5. 37560
    6. D.......
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110839
    1. ἐπίστευσαν
    2. pisteuō
    3. they believed
    4. -
    5. 41000
    6. VIAA3..P
    7. ˱they˲ believed
    8. ˱they˲ believed
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110840
    1. πῶς
    2. pōs
    3. how
    4. -
    5. 44590
    6. D.......
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110841
    1. δὲ
    2. de
    3. And
    4. Then
    5. 11610
    6. C.......
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110842
    1. πιστεύσουσιν
    2. pisteuō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 41000
    6. VIFA3..P
    7. ˱they˲ /will_be/ believing
    8. ˱they˲ /will_be/ believing
    9. -
    10. V
    11. -
    12. 110843
    1. πιστεύσωσιν
    2. pisteuō
    3. they may believe
    4. -
    5. 41000
    6. VSAA3..P
    7. ˱they˲ /may/ believe
    8. ˱they˲ /may/ believe
    9. -
    10. 80%
    11. -
    12. 110844
    1. hos
    2. -
    3. -
    4. 37390
    5. R....ANS
    6. what
    7. what
    8. -
    9. V
    10. -
    11. 110845
    1. οὗ
    2. hos
    3. of whom
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R....GMS
    7. ˱of˲ whom
    8. ˱of˲ whom
    9. -
    10. 81%
    11. -
    12. 110846
    1. οὐκ
    2. ou
    3. not
    4. -
    5. 37560
    6. D.......
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110847
    1. ἤκουσαν
    2. akouō
    3. they heard
    4. heard
    5. 1910
    6. VIAA3..P
    7. ˱they˲ heard
    8. ˱they˲ heard
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110848
    1. πῶς
    2. pōs
    3. how
    4. -
    5. 44590
    6. D.......
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110849
    1. δὲ
    2. de
    3. And
    4. -
    5. 11610
    6. C.......
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110850
    1. ἀκούσουσιν
    2. akouō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VIFA3..P
    7. ˱they˲ /will_be/ hearing
    8. ˱they˲ /will_be/ hearing
    9. -
    10. V
    11. -
    12. 110851
    1. ἀκούσωνται
    2. akouō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VSAM3..P
    7. ˱they˲ /may/ hear
    8. ˱they˲ /may/ hear
    9. -
    10. V
    11. -
    12. 110852
    1. ἀκούσονται
    2. akouō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VIFM3..P
    7. ˱they˲ /will_be/ hearing
    8. ˱they˲ /will_be/ hearing
    9. -
    10. V
    11. -
    12. 110853
    1. ἀκούσωσιν
    2. akouō
    3. they may hear
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VSAA3..P
    7. ˱they˲ /may/ hear
    8. ˱they˲ /may/ hear
    9. -
    10. 59%
    11. -
    12. 110854
    1. χωρὶς
    2. χōris
    3. apart from
    4. -
    5. 55650
    6. P.......
    7. apart_from
    8. apart_from
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110855
    1. κηρύσσοντος
    2. kērussō
    3. proclaiming
    4. preaching
    5. 27840
    6. VPPA.GMS
    7. proclaiming
    8. proclaiming
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110856

OET (OET-LV)Therefore how they_may_call on whom not they_believed?
And how they_may_believe of_whom not they_heard?
And how they_may_hear apart_from proclaiming?

OET (OET-RV)How, then, could they appeal to a God that they don’t even believe in? And how could they believe if they haven’t even heard about him? Then how would they hear if no one was preaching to them?

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν? πῶς δὲ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν? πῶς δὲ ἀκούσωσιν χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος?

how therefore ˱they˲_/may/_call on whom not ˱they˲_believed how and ˱they˲_/may/_believe ˱of˲_whom not ˱they˲_heard how and ˱they˲_/may/_hear apart_from proclaiming

Paul is not asking for information, but is using three rhetorical questions here to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as statements or exclamations and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Then surely they would not call on whom they have not believed! And surely they would not believe in whom they have not heard! And surely they would not hear without someone preaching!”

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

πῶς οὖν

how therefore

Here, then indicates that what follows in 10:14–15 is the logical conclusion to what Paul has stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for indicating result. Alternate translation: “As a result, how”

Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns

ἐπικαλέσωνται & οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν & πιστεύσωσιν & οὐκ ἤκουσαν & ἀκούσωσιν

˱they˲_/may/_call & not ˱they˲_believed & ˱they˲_/may/_believe & not ˱they˲_heard & ˱they˲_/may/_hear

In this verse they refers to all people, both Jews and Gentiles, as stated in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “would all people call … they have not believed … would all people believe in … they have not heard … would all people hear”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν

˱they˲_/may/_call on whom not ˱they˲_believed

See how you translated call on in 10:12.

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν & οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν

whom not ˱they˲_believed & ˱of˲_whom not ˱they˲_heard

These clauses refer to Jesus, whom Paul called the Lord in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus, whom they have not believed … Jesus, whom they have not heard”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν & ἀκούσωσιν & κηρύσσοντος

˱of˲_whom not ˱they˲_heard & ˱they˲_/may/_hear & proclaiming

Paul is leaving out some of the words that these sentences would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “whom they have not heard about … would they hear about him … someone preaching about him”

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

10:14 It is natural to presume that the pronoun they refers to “all who call on him” from 10:12 or “everyone” from 10:13. While this verse probably does refer to all people, it also continues the accusation against Israel from 10:2-3 (see 10:18). Paul argues that Israel was in a position to know what God was doing through Jesus Christ, so they were culpable for their failure to understand or accept it. Israel was guilty both of failing to understand God’s plan in light of Christ (10:3-4) and of focusing so much attention on the law that they missed Christ when he arrived (9:30-32).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Therefore
    2. -
    3. 37670
    4. PS
    5. oun
    6. C-.......
    7. therefore
    8. therefore
    9. PS
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110834
    1. how
    2. -
    3. 44590
    4. pōs
    5. D-.......
    6. how
    7. how
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. Y60
    11. 110833
    1. they may call
    2. -
    3. 19410
    4. epikaleō
    5. V-SAM3..P
    6. ˱they˲ /may/ call
    7. ˱they˲ /may/ call
    8. -
    9. 81%
    10. -
    11. 110835
    1. on
    2. -
    3. 15190
    4. eis
    5. P-.......
    6. on
    7. on
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110837
    1. whom
    2. -
    3. 37390
    4. hos
    5. R-....AMS
    6. whom
    7. whom
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110838
    1. not
    2. don't
    3. 37560
    4. ou
    5. D-.......
    6. not
    7. not
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110839
    1. they believed
    2. -
    3. 41000
    4. pisteuō
    5. V-IAA3..P
    6. ˱they˲ believed
    7. ˱they˲ believed
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110840
    1. And
    2. Then
    3. 11610
    4. S
    5. de
    6. C-.......
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110842
    1. how
    2. -
    3. 44590
    4. pōs
    5. D-.......
    6. how
    7. how
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110841
    1. they may believe
    2. -
    3. 41000
    4. pisteuō
    5. V-SAA3..P
    6. ˱they˲ /may/ believe
    7. ˱they˲ /may/ believe
    8. -
    9. 80%
    10. -
    11. 110844
    1. of whom
    2. -
    3. 37390
    4. hos
    5. R-....GMS
    6. ˱of˲ whom
    7. ˱of˲ whom
    8. -
    9. 81%
    10. -
    11. 110846
    1. not
    2. -
    3. 37560
    4. ou
    5. D-.......
    6. not
    7. not
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110847
    1. they heard
    2. heard
    3. 1910
    4. akouō
    5. V-IAA3..P
    6. ˱they˲ heard
    7. ˱they˲ heard
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110848
    1. And
    2. -
    3. 11610
    4. S
    5. de
    6. C-.......
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 110850
    1. how
    2. -
    3. 44590
    4. pōs
    5. D-.......
    6. how
    7. how
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110849
    1. they may hear
    2. -
    3. 1910
    4. akouō
    5. V-SAA3..P
    6. ˱they˲ /may/ hear
    7. ˱they˲ /may/ hear
    8. -
    9. 59%
    10. -
    11. 110854
    1. apart from
    2. -
    3. 55650
    4. χōris
    5. P-.......
    6. apart_from
    7. apart_from
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110855
    1. proclaiming
    2. preaching
    3. 27840
    4. kērussō
    5. V-PPA.GMS
    6. proclaiming
    7. proclaiming
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 110856

OET (OET-LV)Therefore how they_may_call on whom not they_believed?
And how they_may_believe of_whom not they_heard?
And how they_may_hear apart_from proclaiming?

OET (OET-RV)How, then, could they appeal to a God that they don’t even believe in? And how could they believe if they haven’t even heard about him? Then how would they hear if no one was preaching to them?

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.

 ROM 10:14 ©