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Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXΚαὶ εἶδεν Σύρος ὅτι ἐτροπώσατο αὐτὸν Ἰσραήλ, καὶ ἀπέστειλαν ἀγγέλους· καὶ ἐξήγαγον τὸν Σύρον ἐκ τοῦ πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ, καὶ Σωφὰρ ἀρχιστράτηγος δυνάμεως Ἁδραάζαρ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν. (Kai eiden Suros hoti etropōsato auton Israaʸl, kai apesteilan angelous; kai exaʸgagon ton Suron ek tou peran tou potamou, kai Sōfar arⱪistrataʸgos dunameōs Hadraʼazar emprosthen autōn. )
BrTrAnd the Syrian saw that Israel had defeated him, and he sent messengers, and they brought out the Syrians from beyond the river; and Sophath the commander-in-chief of the forces of Adraazar was before them.
ULTAnd Aram saw that they were defeated before the face of Israel. And they sent messengers, and they brought out Aram, who was beyond the river, and Shophak the chief of the army of Hadadezer before their faces.
USTAfter the leaders of the army of Aram realized that the army of Israel had defeated them, the leaders of the army of Aram sent messengers to another part of Aram on the east side of the Euphrates river, and brought troops from there to the battle area, with Shophak, the commander of Hadadezer’s army, leading them.
BSB § When the Arameans saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they sent messengers to bring more Arameans from beyond the Euphrates,[fn] with Shophach [fn] the commander of Hadadezer’s army leading them.
WEBBEWhen the Syrians saw that they were defeated by Israel, they sent messengers and called out the Syrians who were beyond the River,[fn] with Shophach the captain of the army of Hadadezer leading them.
NETWhen the Arameans realized they had been defeated by Israel, they sent for reinforcements from beyond the Euphrates River, led by Shophach the commanding general of Hadadezer’s army.
LSVAnd Aram sees that they have been struck before Israel, and send messengers, and bring out Aram that [is] beyond the River, and Shophach head of the host of Hadarezer [is] before them.
FBVAs soon as the Arameans saw they had been defeated by the Israelites so they sent for reinforcements from the other side of the Euphrates River, under the leadership of Shobach, commander of Hadadezer's army.
T4TAfter the leaders of the army of Syria realized that they had been defeated by the army of Israel, they sent messengers to another part of Syria on the east side of the Euphrates river, and brought troops from there to the battle area, with Shophach, the commander of Hadadezer’s army, leading them.
LEBAnd when Aram saw that they were defeated before Israel, they sent messengers and brought out Aram, who was from beyond the Euphrates,[fn] with Shophach the commander of the army of Hadadezer before them.
BBEAnd when the Aramaeans saw that Israel had overcome them, they sent men to get the Aramaeans who were on the other side of the River, with Shophach, the captain of Hadadezer's army, at their head.
JPSAnd when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.
ASVAnd when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.
DRABut the Syrians seeing that they had fallen before Israel, sent messengers, and brought to them the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Sophach, general of the army of Adarezer, was their leader.
YLTAnd Aram seeth that they have been smitten before Israel, and send messengers, and bring out Aram that [is] beyond the River, and Shophach head of the host of Hadarezer [is] before them.
DrbyAnd when the Syrians saw that they were routed before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river; and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer [went] before them.
RVAnd when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.
WbstrAnd when the Syrians saw that they were defeated before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.
KJB-1769¶ And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.[fn][fn]
KJB-1611¶ [fn][fn]And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians, that were beyond the Riuer: and Shophach the captaine of the hoste of Hadarezer, went before them. (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation and punctuation and footnotes)
BshpsAnd when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers and set out the Syrians that were beyond the riuer: and Sophach the captayne of the hoast of Hadarezer went before them. (And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers and set out the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Sophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.)
GnvaAnd when the Aramites sawe that they were discomfited before Israel, they sent messengers and caused the Aramites to come forth that were beyond the riuer: and Shophach the captaine of the hoste of Hadarezer went before them. (And when the Aramites saw that they were discomfited before Israel, they sent messengers and caused the Aramites to come forth that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them. )
CvdlBut whan the Syrians sawe that they were smytte before Israel, they sent messaungers, and broughte forth ye Syrians which were beyonde the water. And Sophach the chefe captayne of Hadad Eser wente before them. (But when the Syrians saw that they were smytte before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought forth ye/you_all Syrians which were beyond the water. And Sophach the chief captain of Hadad Eser went before them.)
WyclForsothe Sirus siy, that he felde doun bifor Israel, and he sente messageris, and brouyte Sirus, that was biyende the flood; sotheli Sophath, the prynce of chyualrie of Adadezer, was the duyk of hem. (Forsothe Sirus siy, that he field down before Israel, and he sent messageris, and brought Sirus, that was beyond the flood; truly Sophath, the prince of chyualrie of Adadezer, was the duke of them.)
LuthDa aber die Syrer sahen, daß sie vor Israel geschlagen waren, sandten sie Boten hin und brachten heraus die Syrer jenseit des Wassers. Und Sophach, der Feldhauptmann Hadadesers, zog vor ihnen her. (So but the Syrer saw, that they/she/them before/in_front_of Israel geschlagen were, sent they/she/them messenger there and brought heraus the Syrer beyond the waters. And Sophach, the/of_the Feldhauptmann Hadadesers, pulled before/in_front_of to_them her.)
ClVgVidens autem Syrus quod cecidisset coram Israël, misit nuntios, et adduxit Syrum, qui erat trans fluvium: Sophach autem princeps militiæ Adarezer erat dux eorum. (Videns however Syrus that cecidisset before Israel, he_sent nuntios, and adduxit Syrum, who was across fluvium: Sophach however prince militiæ Adarezer was dux their. )
19:16-19 In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.
Verses 16–19 describes a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in 1 Chronicles 19:15 were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again.
(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_saw ʼArām that/for/because/then/when defeated to=(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before Yisrael and,sent messengers and,brought_out DOM ʼArām which/who from,beyond the=river and,Shophach chief army Hₐdadˊezer at,head,them )
What the Arameans understood is spoken of as what they saw. Alternate translation: “the Arameans understood”
(Occurrence 0) sent for reinforcements
(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_saw ʼArām that/for/because/then/when defeated to=(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before Yisrael and,sent messengers and,brought_out DOM ʼArām which/who from,beyond the=river and,Shophach chief army Hₐdadˊezer at,head,them )
(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_saw ʼArām that/for/because/then/when defeated to=(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before Yisrael and,sent messengers and,brought_out DOM ʼArām which/who from,beyond the=river and,Shophach chief army Hₐdadˊezer at,head,them )
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
