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interlinearVerse INTGENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOSJDGRUTH1SA2SAPSAAMOSHOS1KI2KI1CH2CHPROECCSNGJOELMICISAZEPHABJERLAMYNANAHOBADANEZEEZRAESTNEHHAGZECMALJOBYHNMARKMATLUKEACTsYACGAL1TH2TH1COR2CORROMCOLPHMEPHPHP1TIMTIT1PET2PET2TIMHEBYUD1YHN2YHN3YHNREV

Eph C1C2C3C4C5C6

OET interlinear EPH 4:18

 EPH 4:18 ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variants)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. ἐσκοτωμένοι
    2. skotoō
    3. Having been darkened
    4. darkened
    5. 46560
    6. VPEP.NMP
    7. /having_been/ darkened
    8. /having_been/ darkened
    9. S
    10. 100%
    11. Y64; R130459
    12. 130466
    1. ἐσκοτισμένοι
    2. skotizō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 46540
    6. VPEP.NMP
    7. /having_been/ darkened
    8. /having_been/ darkened
    9. -
    10. V
    11. -
    12. 130467
    1. τῇ
    2. ho
    3. in their
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E....DFS
    7. ˱in˲ their
    8. ˱in˲ their
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130468
    1. διανοίᾳ
    2. dianoia
    3. mind
    4. -
    5. 12710
    6. N....DFS
    7. mind
    8. mind
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130469
    1. ὄντες
    2. eimi
    3. being
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VPPA.NMP
    7. being
    8. being
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. R130459
    12. 130470
    1. ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι
    2. apallotrioō
    3. having been estranged
    4. -
    5. 5260
    6. VPEP.NMP
    7. /having_been/ estranged
    8. /having_been/ estranged
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. R130459
    12. 130471
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. from the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E....GFS
    7. ˱from˲ the
    8. ˱from˲ the
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130472
    1. ζωῆς
    2. zōē
    3. life
    4. life
    5. 22220
    6. N....GFS
    7. life
    8. life
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130473
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E....GMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130474
    1. Θεοῦ
    2. theos
    3. of god
    4. God
    5. 23160
    6. N....GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. 100%
    11. Person=God
    12. 130475
    1. διὰ
    2. dia
    3. because of
    4. -
    5. 12230
    6. P.......
    7. because_of
    8. because_of
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130476
    1. τὴν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E....AFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130477
    1. ἄγνοιαν
    2. agnoia
    3. ignorance
    4. ignorance
    5. 520
    6. N....AFS
    7. ignorance
    8. ignorance
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. F130480
    12. 130478
    1. τὴν
    2. ho
    3. which
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R....AFS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130479
    1. οὖσαν
    2. eimi
    3. being
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VPPA.AFS
    7. being
    8. being
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. R130478
    12. 130480
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P.......
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130481
    1. αὐτοῖς
    2. autos
    3. them
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R...3DNP
    7. them
    8. them
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. R130459
    12. 130482
    1. διὰ
    2. dia
    3. because of
    4. -
    5. 12230
    6. P.......
    7. because_of
    8. because_of
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130483
    1. τὴν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E....AFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130484
    1. πώρωσιν
    2. pōrōsis
    3. hardening
    4. hardening
    5. 44570
    6. N....AFS
    7. hardening
    8. hardening
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130485
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. of the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E....GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130486
    1. καρδίας
    2. kardia
    3. heart
    4. hearts
    5. 25880
    6. N....GFS
    7. heart
    8. heart
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. -
    12. 130487
    1. αὐτῶν
    2. autos
    3. of them
    4. Their
    5. 8460
    6. R...3GNP
    7. ˱of˲ them
    8. ˱of˲ them
    9. -
    10. 100%
    11. R130459
    12. 130488

OET (OET-LV)Having_been_darkened in_their mind, being having_been_estranged from_the life of_ the _god, because_of the ignorance which being in them, because_of the hardening of_the heart of_them,

OET (OET-RV)Their minds have been darkened because their ignorance has drawn them away from the life of God due to the hardening of their hearts.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ

/having_been/_darkened ˱in˲_their mind

This metaphor compares wrong thinking with darkness. Alternate translation: “they no longer think or reason clearly” or “they are not able to understand”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ

/having_been/_darkened ˱in˲_their mind

If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Their way of thinking has become dark” or “They no longer think or reason clearly” or “They are not able to understand”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς

/having_been/_estranged ˱from˲_the life ¬the ˱of˲_God because_of the ignorance ¬which being in them

If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “because they do not know God, they cannot live the way that God wants his people to live” or “they have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance”

ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι

/having_been/_estranged

Alternate translation: “cut off” or “separated”

ἄγνοιαν

ignorance

Alternate translation: “lack of knowledge” or “lack of information”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν

because_of the because_of the hardening ˱of˲_the heart ˱of˲_them

The phrase hardness of their hearts is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: “because they are stubborn” or “because they refuse to listen to God”

Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

διὰ

because_of

The connecting word because introduces a reason-result relationship. The first reason is that they are ignorant of him. The result is that the Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result.

Note 6 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

(Occurrence 2) διὰ

because_of

The connecting word because introduces a reason-result relationship. The second reason is that their hearts are hardened. The result is that Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

4:18 Their minds are full of darkness because their minds are closed and hearts are hard (see 2 Cor 4:4).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Having been darkened
    2. darkened
    3. 46560
    4. S
    5. skotoō
    6. V-PEP.NMP
    7. /having_been/ darkened
    8. /having_been/ darkened
    9. S
    10. 100%
    11. Y64; R130459
    12. 130466
    1. in their
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-....DFS
    6. ˱in˲ their
    7. ˱in˲ their
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130468
    1. mind
    2. -
    3. 12710
    4. dianoia
    5. N-....DFS
    6. mind
    7. mind
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130469
    1. being
    2. -
    3. 15100
    4. eimi
    5. V-PPA.NMP
    6. being
    7. being
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. R130459
    11. 130470
    1. having been estranged
    2. -
    3. 5260
    4. apallotrioō
    5. V-PEP.NMP
    6. /having_been/ estranged
    7. /having_been/ estranged
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. R130459
    11. 130471
    1. from the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-....GFS
    6. ˱from˲ the
    7. ˱from˲ the
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130472
    1. life
    2. life
    3. 22220
    4. zōē
    5. N-....GFS
    6. life
    7. life
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130473
    1. of
    2. God
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-....GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. 100%
    11. Person=God
    12. 130475
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-....GMS
    6. ¬the
    7. ¬the
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130474
    1. god
    2. God
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-....GMS
    7. ˱of˲ god
    8. ˱of˲ God
    9. GN
    10. 100%
    11. Person=God
    12. 130475
    1. because of
    2. -
    3. 12230
    4. dia
    5. P-.......
    6. because_of
    7. because_of
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130476
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-....AFS
    6. the
    7. the
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130477
    1. ignorance
    2. ignorance
    3. 520
    4. agnoia
    5. N-....AFS
    6. ignorance
    7. ignorance
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. F130480
    11. 130478
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. R-....AFS
    6. ¬which
    7. ¬which
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130479
    1. being
    2. -
    3. 15100
    4. eimi
    5. V-PPA.AFS
    6. being
    7. being
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. R130478
    11. 130480
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    4. en
    5. P-.......
    6. in
    7. in
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130481
    1. them
    2. -
    3. 8460
    4. autos
    5. R-...3DNP
    6. them
    7. them
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. R130459
    11. 130482
    1. because of
    2. -
    3. 12230
    4. dia
    5. P-.......
    6. because_of
    7. because_of
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130483
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-....AFS
    6. the
    7. the
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130484
    1. hardening
    2. hardening
    3. 44570
    4. pōrōsis
    5. N-....AFS
    6. hardening
    7. hardening
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130485
    1. of the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-....GFS
    6. ˱of˲ the
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130486
    1. heart
    2. hearts
    3. 25880
    4. kardia
    5. N-....GFS
    6. heart
    7. heart
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. -
    11. 130487
    1. of them
    2. Their
    3. 8460
    4. autos
    5. R-...3GNP
    6. ˱of˲ them
    7. ˱of˲ them
    8. -
    9. 100%
    10. R130459
    11. 130488

OET (OET-LV)Having_been_darkened in_their mind, being having_been_estranged from_the life of_ the _god, because_of the ignorance which being in them, because_of the hardening of_the heart of_them,

OET (OET-RV)Their minds have been darkened because their ignorance has drawn them away from the life of God due to the hardening of their hearts.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.

 EPH 4:18 ©