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interlinearVerse INT GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH EZRA NEH EST JOB PSA PRO ECC SNG ISA JER LAM EZE DAN HOS JOEL AMOS OBA YNA MIC NAH HAB ZEP HAG ZEC MAL YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs ROM 1COR 2COR GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TIM 2TIM TIT PHM HEB YAC 1PET 2PET 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN YUD REV
OET (OET-LV) Having_been_darkened in_their mind being, having_been_estranged from_the life of_ the _god, because_of the ignorance which being in them, because_of the hardening of_the heart of_them,
OET (OET-RV) Their minds have been darkened because their ignorance has drawn them away from the life of God due to the hardening of their hearts.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ
/having_been/_darkened ˱in˲_their mind
This metaphor compares wrong thinking with darkness. Alternate translation: “they no longer think or reason clearly” or “they are not able to understand”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ
/having_been/_darkened ˱in˲_their mind
If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Their way of thinking has become dark” or “They no longer think or reason clearly” or “They are not able to understand”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς
/having_been/_estranged ˱from˲_the life ¬the ˱of˲_God because_of the ignorance ¬which being in them
If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “because they do not know God, they cannot live the way that God wants his people to live” or “they have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance”
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι
/having_been/_estranged
Alternate translation: “cut off” or “separated”
ἄγνοιαν
ignorance
Alternate translation: “lack of knowledge” or “lack of information”
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν
because_of the because_of the hardening ˱of˲_the heart ˱of˲_them
The phrase hardness of their hearts is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: “because they are stubborn” or “because they refuse to listen to God”
Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result
διὰ
because_of
The connecting word because introduces a reason-result relationship. The first reason is that they are ignorant of him. The result is that the Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result.
Note 6 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result
(Occurrence 2) διὰ
because_of
The connecting word because introduces a reason-result relationship. The second reason is that their hearts are hardened. The result is that Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result.
4:18 Their minds are full of darkness because their minds are closed and hearts are hard (see 2 Cor 4:4).
OET (OET-LV) Having_been_darkened in_their mind being, having_been_estranged from_the life of_ the _god, because_of the ignorance which being in them, because_of the hardening of_the heart of_them,
OET (OET-RV) Their minds have been darkened because their ignorance has drawn them away from the life of God due to the hardening of their hearts.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.