EPH 4:18 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=minor spelling Clarity of original=clear Importance=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT They have been darkened in their understanding, being alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardness of their hearts.

UST They are unable to think clearly about what is right or wrong because they try to live completely separated from God. They do this because they do not know what they are missing and because they stubbornly refuse to obey God.

BSB They are darkened in their understanding and alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them due to the hardness of their hearts.

BLB being darkened in the understanding, being alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance being in them on account of the hardness of their heart,

AICNT being {dead}[fn] in their thinking, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, due to the hardness of their hearts,

4:18, dead: Absent from some manuscripts.

OEB with their powers of discernment darkened, cut off from the life of God, owing to the ignorance that prevails among them and to the hardness of their hearts.

WEBBE being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their hearts.

WMBB (Same as above)

NET They are darkened in their understanding, being alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them due to the hardness of their hearts.

LSV being darkened in the understanding, being alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardness of their heart,

FBV In the darkness of their minds they don't understand, and they have been cut off from the life of God because they don't know anything and in their stubbornness they don't want to know.

TCNT They are darkened in their understanding, being excluded from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them due to the hardness of their hearts.

T4T They are unable to think clearly [MET] about what is right and what is wrong. Because they have decided that they do not want to know about God and because they stubbornly [IDM] refuse to listen to his message, they do not have the eternal life that God gives us.

LEB being darkened in understanding, alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardness of their heart,

BBE Whose thoughts are dark, to whom the life of God is strange because they are without knowledge, and their hearts have been made hard;

Moff No Moff EPH book available

Wymth with darkened understandings, having by reason of the ignorance which is deep-seated in them and the insensibility of their moral nature, no share in the Life which God gives.

ASV being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their heart;

DRA Having their understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their hearts.

YLT being darkened in the understanding, being alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardness of their heart,

Drby being darkened in understanding, estranged from the life of [fn]God by reason of the ignorance which is in them, by reason of the hardness of their hearts,

4.18 Elohim

RV being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their heart;

Wbstr Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart:

KJB-1769 Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart:

KJB-1611 [fn][fn]Hauing the vnderstanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God, through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindnesse of their heart:
(Hauing the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God, through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindnesse of their heart:)

4:18 Rom.1.21

4:18 Or, hardnesse.

Bshps Darkened in cogitation, being alienated from the lyfe of God by the ignoraunce that is in them, by the blindnesse of their heartes.
(Darkened in cogitation, being alienated from the life of God by the ignoraunce that is in them, by the blindnesse of their hearts.)

Gnva Hauing their vnderstanding darkened, and being strangers from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardnesse of their heart:
(Hauing their understanding darkened, and being strangers from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardness of their heart: )

Cvdl blynded in their vnderstondinge, beynge straungers fro the life which is in God thorow the ignoraunce that is in them, because of the blyndnes of their hert:
(blindd in their understanding, being strangers from the life which is in God through the ignoraunce that is in them, because of the blindnes of their hert:)

TNT blynded in their vnderstondynge beynge straungers from the lyfe which is in god thorow the ignorancy that is in them because of the blyndnes of their hertes:
(blindd in their understanding being strangers from the life which is in god through the ignorancy that is in them because of the blindnes of their hearts: )

Wycl that han vndurstondyng derkned with derknessis, and ben alienyd fro the lijf of God, bi ignoraunce that is in hem, for the blyndenesse of her herte.
(that have understondyng derkned with darkness, and been alienyd from the life of God, by ignoraunce that is in them, for the blindnesse of her heart.)

Luth welcher Verstand verfinstert ist, und sind entfremdet von dem Leben, das aus GOtt ist, durch die Unwissenheit, so in ihnen ist, durch die Blindheit ihres Herzens.
(which Verstand verfinstert is, and are entfremdet from to_him Leben, the out_of God is, through the Unwissenheit, so in to_them is, through the Blindheit ihres heartss.)

ClVg tenebris obscuratum habentes intellectum, alienati a vita Dei per ignorantiam, quæ est in illis, propter cæcitatem cordis ipsorum,[fn]
(tenebris obscuratum habentes intellectum, alienati from vita of_God through ignorantiam, which it_is in to_them, propter cæcitatem cordis ipsorum, )

4.18 Obscuratum. Non parum: et ideo minus mirum est si in vanitate ambulant potius quam vos qui estis illuminati, et spem habetis vitæ. A vita Dei. Duæ sunt vitæ: una corporis, altera animæ; et sicut vita corporis est anima, sic animæ vita est Deus: et quomodo si anima deserat, moritur corpus, sic anima moritur, si deserat Deus. Anima recedens a luce justitiæ, quanto magis quærit quod inveniat contra justitiam, tanto plus repellitur a lumine veritatis, et in tenebrosis demergitur.

4.18 Obscuratum. Non parum: and ideo minus mirum it_is when/but_if in vanitate ambulant rather how you who estis illuminati, and spem habetis vitæ. A vita of_God. Duæ are vitæ: una corporis, altera animæ; and like vita corporis it_is anima, so animæ vita it_is God: and how when/but_if anima deserat, moritur body, so anima moritur, when/but_if deserat God. Anima recedens from luce justitiæ, quanto magis quærit that inveniat on_the_contrary justitiam, tanto plus repellitur from lumine veritatis, and in tenebrosis demergitur.

UGNT ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ ὄντες, ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς, διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν,
(eskotōmenoi taʸ dianoia ontes, apaʸllotriōmenoi taʸs zōaʸs tou Theou, dia taʸn agnoian taʸn ousan en autois, dia taʸn pōrōsin taʸs kardias autōn,)

SBL-GNT ⸀ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ ὄντες, ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς, διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν,
(⸀eskotōmenoi taʸ dianoia ontes, apaʸllotriōmenoi taʸs zōaʸs tou theou, dia taʸn agnoian taʸn ousan en autois, dia taʸn pōrōsin taʸs kardias autōn,)

TC-GNT [fn]ἐσκοτισμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ, ὄντες ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς, διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν·
(eskotismenoi taʸ dianoia, ontes apaʸllotriōmenoi taʸs zōaʸs tou Theou dia taʸn agnoian taʸn ousan en autois, dia taʸn pōrōsin taʸs kardias autōn; )

4:18 εσκοτισμενοι ¦ εσκοτωμενοι CT

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ

/having_been/_darkened ˱in˲_their mind

This metaphor compares wrong thinking with darkness. Alternate translation: [they no longer think or reason clearly] or [they are not able to understand]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ

/having_been/_darkened ˱in˲_their mind

If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: [Their way of thinking has become dark] or [They no longer think or reason clearly] or [They are not able to understand]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς

/having_been/_estranged ˱from˲_the life ¬the ˱of˲_God because_of the ignorance ¬which being in them

If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: [because they do not know God, they cannot live the way that God wants his people to live] or [they have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance]

ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι

/having_been/_estranged

Alternate translation: [cut off] or [separated]

ἄγνοιαν

ignorance

Alternate translation: [lack of knowledge] or [lack of information]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν

because_of the because_of the hardening ˱of˲_the heart ˱of˲_them

The phrase hardness of their hearts is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: [because they are stubborn] or [because they refuse to listen to God]

Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

διὰ

because_of

The connecting word because introduces a reason-result relationship. The first reason is that they are ignorant of him. The result is that the Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result.

Note 6 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

(Occurrence 2) διὰ

because_of

The connecting word because introduces a reason-result relationship. The second reason is that their hearts are hardened. The result is that Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result.

Parallel EPH 4:18