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Mark 4 V1 V3 V5 V7 V9 V11 V13 V15 V17 V19 V21 V23 V25 V27 V29 V31 V33 V35 V37 V39 V41

OET interlinear MARK 4:38

◄ ← MARK 4:38 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Καί
    2. kai
    3. And
    4. But and
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25057
    1. ἦν
    2. eimi
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIIA3··S
    7. was
    8. was
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 25058
    1. αὐτός
    2. autos
    3. he
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3NMS
    7. he
    8. he
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25059
    1. ἦν
    2. eimi
    3. was
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIIA3··S
    7. was
    8. was
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25060
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25061
    1. ἐπί
    2. epi
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 19090
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 25062
    1. τῇ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25063
    1. πρύμνῃ
    2. prumna
    3. stern
    4. back
    5. 44030
    6. N····DFS
    7. stern
    8. stern
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25064
    1. ἐπί
    2. epi
    3. on
    4. -
    5. 19090
    6. P·······
    7. on
    8. on
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25065
    1. τό
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····ANS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25066
    1. προσκεφάλαιον
    2. proskefalaion
    3. cushion
    4. cushion
    5. 43440
    6. N····ANS
    7. cushion
    8. cushion
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25067
    1. προσκεφαλαίου
    2. proskefalaion
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 43440
    6. N····GNS
    7. cushion
    8. cushion
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 25068
    1. καθεύδων
    2. katheudō
    3. sleeping
    4. sleeping
    5. 25180
    6. VPPA·NMS
    7. sleeping
    8. sleeping
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; R23532; Person=Jesus
    11. 25069
    1. Καί
    2. kai
    3. And
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25070
    1. ἐγείρουσιν
    2. egeirō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 14530
    6. VIPA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ raising
    8. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ raising
    9. -
    10. R24984
    11. 25071
    1. διεγείρουσιν
    2. diegeirō
    3. they are awaking
    4. -
    5. 13260
    6. VIPA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ awaking
    8. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ awaking
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25072
    1. διεγείραντες
    2. diegeirō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 13260
    6. VPAA·NMP
    7. ˓having˒ awoken
    8. ˓having˒ awoken
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 25073
    1. αὐτόν
    2. autos
    3. him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25074
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25075
    1. λέγουσιν
    2. legō
    3. are saying
    4. -
    5. 30040
    6. VIPA3··P
    7. ˓are˒ saying
    8. ˓are˒ saying
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; R24984
    11. 25076
    1. αὐτῷ
    2. autos
    3. to him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DMS
    7. ˱to˲ him
    8. ˱to˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; R23532; Person=Jesus
    11. 25077
    1. Διδάσκαλε
    2. didaskalos
    3. Teacher
    4. “Teacher
    5. 13200
    6. N····VMS
    7. Teacher
    8. Teacher
    9. VD
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; F25083
    11. 25078
    1. οὒ
    2. ou
    3. not
    4. don't
    5. 37560
    6. T·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25079
    1. μέλει
    2. melō
    3. is caring
    4. -
    5. 31990
    6. VIPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ caring
    8. ˓is˒ caring
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25080
    1. σοί
    2. su
    3. to you
    4. -
    5. 47710
    6. R···2D·S
    7. ˱to˲ you
    8. ˱to˲ you
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25081
    1. ὅτι
    2. hoti
    3. that
    4. -
    5. 37540
    6. C·······
    7. that
    8. that
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25082
    1. ἀπολλύμεθα
    2. apollumi
    3. we are perishing
    4. -
    5. 6220
    6. VIPM1··P
    7. ˱we˲ ˓are˒ perishing
    8. ˱we˲ ˓are˒ perishing
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; R25078; R24984
    11. 25083

OET (OET-LV) And he was in the stern, sleeping on the cushion.
And they_are_awaking him and are_saying to_him:
Teacher, is_ not _caring to_you that we_are_perishing?

OET (OET-RV) But Yeshua slept on in the back, sleeping on a cushion. They woke him and cried, “Teacher, don’t you care that we’re all about to drown?”

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 4:35–41: Jesus commanded a storm to stop and it obeyed him

While Jesus and his disciples were going across Lake Galilee in a boat, a strong wind began to blow. The wind caused big waves on the lake. The waves were big enough to come into the boat. The boat was about to sink, but Jesus spoke to the waves and because Jesus had the authority to command them to stop, the wind and the waves stopped.

It is good to translate this section before you decide on a heading for it.

Here are some other possible headings for this section:

Jesus calmed a storm on the lake

Jesus stopped the wind and waves

A storm obeys Jesus

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 8:23–27 and Luke 8:22–25.

4:38a

But Jesus was in the stern, sleeping on the cushion.

4:38a–b

But Jesus was in the stern: The Greek word that the BSB translates as stern is a technical term. It refers to the back end of a boat. For example, the GNT says:

Jesus was in the back of the boat

Languages have different ways to refer to the stern of a boat. For example:

foot

tail

Use a word that is natural in your language. Be careful not to use an expression that implies that Jesus was behind the boat.

But: The Greek word that the BSB translates as But is a common conjunction that connects 4:38a to 4:37. It is often translated as “and.” In this context, there is some contrast (contra expectation) between what Jesus was doing (sleeping) and what we expected him to be doing (something other than sleeping such as helping the disciples). Because of this, the BSB and others versions such as the RSV and NJB translate this conjunction as But. However, other versions, such as the NIV, do not translate this conjunction at all. Connect these verse parts in a way that is natural in your language.

sleeping on the cushion: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as sleeping on the cushion means that Jesus was sleeping and his head was on a cushion/pillow. In some languages it may be natural to make that explicit. For example, the GNT says:

sleeping with his head on a pillow

General Comment on 4:37–38a

Jesus began sleeping before the wind storm came. It may be more natural in your language to use “began sleeping” rather than “was sleeping” in this context. It that is true, you may want to mention this event before 4:37. For example:

38aJesus began to sleep with his head on a cushion in the back of the boat. 37aA furious squall came up, 37band the waves broke over the boat, so that it was nearly swamped.

Jesus continued sleeping during the wind storm and waves. Your translation should clearly indicate that Jesus continued sleeping.

4:38b

So they woke Him and said,

So they woke Him and said: The Greek text does not specify how the disciples woke Jesus. They probably woke him by speaking to him. In this case the disciples were afraid, so they probably shouted the words in 4:38c. The NLT says:

The disciples woke him up, shouting

Translate this clause in a way that naturally expresses the drama and emotion of the context.

4:38c

“Teacher, don’t You care that we are perishing?”

Teacher, don’t You care that we are perishing?: This is a rhetorical question. It is really a plea for Jesus to help them. It may also be a rebuke. Translate this sentence in a way which shows that the disciples wanted Jesus to help them and save them from potentially drowning. They were also possibly rebuking him because he had not already helped them.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

Teacher: The Greek word that the BSB translates as Teacher was a polite title for a Jewish religious leader. It was a title of respect for a Jewish man who had authority to teach the things about God. In some languages the appropriate way to address a religious teacher may be:

Sir Teacher

Sir

Master

Be careful not to use a term that can refer only to a school teacher.

we are perishing: If your language has exclusive and inclusive pronouns, you will need to decide which pronoun to use here. Each pronoun implies different things:

  1. The pronoun we(incl) implies that the disciples were afraid that both they and Jesus would drown. It also implies that Jesus did not care if he and they all drowned.

  2. The wordwe(excl) implies that the disciples were afraid that they, but not Jesus, would drown. It also implies that Jesus did not care if the disciples drowned but he would probably save himself from drowning.

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). The disciples probably thought that everyone in the boat was in equal danger of drowning. They would not have expected Jesus to save himself but let them (the disciples) drown.The UBS (page 153) says that “we” refers to the disciples. The TRT (page 56) suggests that we(excl) is more likely in view of Mt. 8:25 (the same story). However, both the UBS for Luke (page 342) and Translator’s Guide for Luke (page 136) recommend we(incl). The disciples may have been concerned primarily for their own welfare, but it is unlikely that they would have expected Jesus to selfishly save only himself. Philippine language versions on TW use inclusive.

perishing: The Greek word that the BSB translates as perishing refers to dying because of not being able to breathe under water. The NIV translates this word as “drown.” In some languages it may be natural to translate it simply as:

die

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / rpronouns

αὐτὸς ἦν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός ἦν ἐν τῇ πρύμνῃ ἐπί τό προσκεφάλαιον καθεύδων Καί διεγείρουσιν αὐτόν καί λέγουσιν αὐτῷ Διδάσκαλε οὒ μέλει σοί ὅτι ἀπολλύμεθα)

Mark uses the word himself to emphasize how significant it was that Jesus was in the stern, sleeping. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: [as for Jesus, he was]

Note 2 topic: translate-unknown

τῇ πρύμνῃ

the stern

The word stern is a nautical term that means the back of a ship. If your language does not have a comparable nautical term, you could state the meaning plainly in your translation. Alternate translation: [the back end of the boat]

Note 3 topic: translate-unknown

τὸ προσκεφάλαιον

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός ἦν ἐν τῇ πρύμνῃ ἐπί τό προσκεφάλαιον καθεύδων Καί διεγείρουσιν αὐτόν καί λέγουσιν αὐτῷ Διδάσκαλε οὒ μέλει σοί ὅτι ἀπολλύμεθα)

A cushion is a soft object that person would lie or rest on. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of object, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: [the sleeping pad] or [a soft surface]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

οὐ μέλει σοι ὅτι ἀπολλύμεθα?

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός ἦν ἐν τῇ πρύμνῃ ἐπί τό προσκεφάλαιον καθεύδων Καί διεγείρουσιν αὐτόν καί λέγουσιν αὐτῷ Διδάσκαλε οὒ μέλει σοί ὅτι ἀπολλύμεθα)

The disciples are using the question form to show Jesus that they are afraid and to convince him to do something to help them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: [it should be a concern to you that we are perishing.] or [it is clearly not a concern to you that we are perishing!]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

οὐ μέλει σοι

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός ἦν ἐν τῇ πρύμνῃ ἐπί τό προσκεφάλαιον καθεύδων Καί διεγείρουσιν αὐτόν καί λέγουσιν αὐτῷ Διδάσκαλε οὒ μέλει σοί ὅτι ἀπολλύμεθα)

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of concern, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [does it not concern you]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / yousingular

σοι

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός ἦν ἐν τῇ πρύμνῃ ἐπί τό προσκεφάλαιον καθεύδων Καί διεγείρουσιν αὐτόν καί λέγουσιν αὐτῷ Διδάσκαλε οὒ μέλει σοί ὅτι ἀπολλύμεθα)

Because the disciples are speaking to Jesus, the word you here is singular.

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive

ἀπολλύμεθα

˱we˲_˓are˒_perishing

Here, the word we includes both Jesus and the disciples. Your language may require you to mark this form.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. And
    2. But and
    3. 25320
    4. S
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25057
    1. he
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3NMS
    7. he
    8. he
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25059
    1. was
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-IIA3··S
    7. was
    8. was
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25060
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    5. en
    6. P-·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25061
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····DFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25063
    1. stern
    2. back
    3. 44030
    5. prumna
    6. N-····DFS
    7. stern
    8. stern
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25064
    1. sleeping
    2. sleeping
    3. 25180
    5. katheudō
    6. V-PPA·NMS
    7. sleeping
    8. sleeping
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; R23532; Person=Jesus
    11. 25069
    1. on
    2. -
    3. 19090
    5. epi
    6. P-·······
    7. on
    8. on
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25065
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····ANS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25066
    1. cushion
    2. cushion
    3. 43440
    5. proskefalaion
    6. N-····ANS
    7. cushion
    8. cushion
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25067
    1. And
    2. -
    3. 25320
    4. S
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25070
    1. they are awaking
    2. -
    3. 13260
    5. diegeirō
    6. V-IPA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ awaking
    8. ˱they˲ ˓are˒ awaking
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25072
    1. him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25074
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25075
    1. are saying
    2. -
    3. 30040
    5. legō
    6. V-IPA3··P
    7. ˓are˒ saying
    8. ˓are˒ saying
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; R24984
    11. 25076
    1. to him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3DMS
    7. ˱to˲ him
    8. ˱to˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; R23532; Person=Jesus
    11. 25077
    1. Teacher
    2. “Teacher
    3. 13200
    4. VD
    5. didaskalos
    6. N-····VMS
    7. Teacher
    8. Teacher
    9. VD
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; F25083
    11. 25078
    1. is
    2. -
    3. 31990
    5. melō
    6. V-IPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ caring
    8. ˓is˒ caring
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25080
    1. not
    2. don't
    3. 37560
    5. ou
    6. T-·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25079
    1. caring
    2. -
    3. 31990
    5. melō
    6. V-IPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ caring
    8. ˓is˒ caring
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25080
    1. to you
    2. -
    3. 47710
    5. su
    6. R-···2D·S
    7. ˱to˲ you
    8. ˱to˲ you
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25081
    1. that
    2. -
    3. 37540
    5. hoti
    6. C-·······
    7. that
    8. that
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle
    11. 25082
    1. we are perishing
    2. -
    3. 6220
    5. apollumi
    6. V-IPM1··P
    7. ˱we˲ ˓are˒ perishing
    8. ˱we˲ ˓are˒ perishing
    9. -
    10. Y31; TSeaside_Parables_and_Miracle; R25078; R24984
    11. 25083

OET (OET-LV) And he was in the stern, sleeping on the cushion.
And they_are_awaking him and are_saying to_him:
Teacher, is_ not _caring to_you that we_are_perishing?

OET (OET-RV) But Yeshua slept on in the back, sleeping on a cushion. They woke him and cried, “Teacher, don’t you care that we’re all about to drown?”

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← MARK 4:38 ↑ → ► ║ ©