REV 12:9 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Καί
2. kai
3. And
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y96
11. 161145
1. ἐβλήθη
2. ballō
3. was thrown down
4. -
5. 9060
6. VIAP3··S
7. ˓was˒ throw ‹down›
8. ˓was˒ cast ‹down›
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161146
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161147
1. δράκων
2. drakōn
3. dragon
4. dinosaur
5. 14040
6. N····NMS
7. dragon
8. dragon
9. -
10. Y96; F161158; F161164; F161168; F161175; F161175
11. 161148
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161149
1. μέγας
2. megas
3. great
4. huge
5. 31730
6. A····NMS
7. great
8. great
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161150
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161151
1. ὄφις
2. ofis
3. serpent
4. -
5. 37890
6. N····NMS
7. serpent
8. serpent
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161152
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. -
11. 161153
1. μέγας
2. megas
3. -
4. -
5. 31730
6. A····NMS
7. great
8. great
9. -
10. -
11. 161154
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161155
1. ἀρχαῖος
2. arχaios
3. ancient
4. ancient
5. 7440
6. A····NMS
7. ancient
8. ancient
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161156
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. who
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····NMS
7. who
8. who
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161157
1. καλούμενος
2. kaleō
3. being called
4. called
5. 25640
6. VPPP·NMS
7. ˓being˒ called
8. ˓being˒ called
9. -
10. Y96; R161148
11. 161158
1. Διάβολος
2. diabolos
3. +the false accuser
4. -
5. 12280
6. S····NMS
7. ˓the˒ false_accuser
8. ˓the˒ Devil
9. W
10. Y96
11. 161159
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161160
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161161
1. Σατανᾶς
2. satanas
3. Satan/(Sāţān)
4. ‘Satan
5. 45660
6. N····NMS
7. Satan/(Sāţān)
8. Satan
9. U
10. Person=Satan; Y96
11. 161162
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the one
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····NMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161163
1. πλανῶν
2. planaō
3. deceiving
4. deceived
5. 41050
6. VPPA·NMS
7. deceiving
8. deceiving
9. -
10. Y96; R161148
11. 161164
1. τήν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161165
1. οἰκουμένην
2. oikoumenē
3. inhabited world
4. world
5. 36250
6. N····AFS
7. inhabited_world
8. inhabited_world
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161166
1. ὅλην
2. holos
3. whole
4. whole
5. 36500
6. E····AFS
7. whole
8. whole
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161167
1. ἐβλήθη
2. ballō
3. he was thrown down
4. -
5. 9060
6. VIAP3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓was˒ throw ‹down›
8. ˱he˲ ˓was˒ cast ‹down›
9. -
10. Y96; R161148
11. 161168
1. εἰς
2. eis
3. on
4. -
5. 15190
6. P·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161169
1. τήν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161170
1. γῆν
2. gē
3. earth
4. earth
5. 10930
6. N····AFS
7. earth
8. earth
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161171
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161172
1. οἱ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161173
1. ἄγγελοι
2. aŋgelos
3. messengers
4. messengers
5. 320
6. N····NMP
7. messengers
8. angels
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161174
1. αὐτοῦ
2. autos
3. of him
4. his
5. 8460
6. R···3GMS
7. ˱of˲ him
8. ˱of˲ him
9. -
10. Y96; R161148; R161148
11. 161175
1. μετʼ
2. meta
3. with
4. -
5. 33260
6. P·······
7. with
8. with
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161176
1. αὐτοῦ
2. autos
3. him
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3GMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161177
1. ἐβλήθησαν
2. ballō
3. were throw down
4. -
5. 9060
6. VIAP3··P
7. ˓were˒ throw ‹down›
8. ˓were˒ cast ‹down›
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161178

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 12:1–17: The woman fled from the dragon

In this section, John saw several signs or symbols representing spiritual reality. The first sign was a woman, representing the people of God. The second sign was a dragon, representing Satan. The woman was about to give birth, and the dragon wanted to kill the child. The child is symbolic of Jesus as the Christ. God took the son to heaven and protected the woman.

In 12:7–12, John interrupted the story of the woman and the dragon to tell about the war between the dragon and the angels. These verses help explain why the dragon wanted to kill the woman. In 12:13, John continued the story of the woman and the dragon.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

The sign of the dragon chasing the woman

The vision of the woman and the dragon

The spiritual conflict of God’s people and Satan

12:9a

And the great dragon was hurled down—

The huge dragon was thrown down,
Michael and his angels threw the great dragon down to earth.

And the great dragon was hurled down: This clause is passive. Some languages must use an active clause. For example:

Michael and his angels threw the great dragon down

great: This word means “big.” It is the same Greek word that the BSB translates as “huge” in 12:3b. Here, the word may include the implied meaning of “powerful.”

12:9b–c

that ancient serpent called the devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world: John tells the reader more about the dragon here. With the long dash at the end of 12:9a, the BSB indicates that 12:9b–c is added information. The NLT uses the long dash before and after this added information. See the General Comment on 12:9a–c below for other ways to naturally include this added information.

12:9b

that ancient serpent called the devil and Satan,

namely, that serpent/snake of ancient times called the Devil/Slanderer and Satan,
That dragon, he is that serpent of long ago times. He is named the Demon Chief and/or Satan.

ancient serpent: The word ancient indicates that the serpent lived long ago. Now he has lived a very long time. This phrase implies that the serpent is the same serpent that tempted Adam and Eve. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

serpent of that time long ago

serpent of ancient times (JBP)

serpent: This is another word for a snake. Dragons are also sometimes called serpents. The word serpent here reminds readers of the snake in the Garden of Eden story. If you have translated Genesis 3:1, use the same word for serpent here.

called the devil and Satan: The Greek words are literally “the one being called the devil and Satan.” It explains that the dragon in the vision is actually the devil, who is also named Satan. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

who is called the Devil and Satan (RSV)

named the Devil, or Satan (GNT)

devil: The Greek word here is literally “slanderer.” A slanderer is someone who says false things about someone to try to ruin that person’s reputation, name, or status. This word is used like a title for Satan. Make it clear that this word is used like a title:

Devil (GNT)

Some ways to translate devil are:

Use a local name or idiom that refers to the chief of all demons. For example:
Left-handed One
Barking One
Use a descriptive phrase. For example:
leader of the evil spirits
spirit enemy of God
Translate its meaning. For example:
Slanderer
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with the meaning of this word, explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
The word “Devil” in Greek means “slanderer.” But if you already included this footnote at 2:10, you may not want to repeat it here.

See how you translated this word in 2:10.

Satan: The word Satan is the Hebrew name of the leader of all the evil spirits. The Hebrew word means “enemy.” But it is used as a proper name in the New Testament. See how you translated this word in 2:9.

12:9c

the deceiver of the whole world.

the one who deceives the entire world.
He has tricked people all over the world.

the deceiver of the whole world: This clause tells the reader more about Satan. In some languages a literal translation would wrongly indicate that there are other beings named Satan and only this one is the deceiver of the whole world. If that is true in your language, translate this clause so that it tells more about Satan. One way to do that is to start a new sentence here. For example:

He is the deceiver of the whole world.

the deceiver: This phrase refers to deceiving people and persuading them to do wrong things. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

who leads the whole world astray (NIV)

who has been leading people all over the world to sin

the whole world: Here this phrase refers to all the people throughout the whole world.

General Comment on 12:9a–c

Added information about the dragon comes after the main verb of 12:9. In some languages it is more natural to present the added information differently than the BSB. For example:

^9a–cThe great dragon, the primeval serpent, known as the devil or Satan, who had led all the world astray, was hurled down (NJB)

In some languages it is more natural to put the added information in a separate sentence. For example:

^9aThe great dragon was hurled down. ^9bIt/He is that ancient serpent called the devil or Satan. ^9cHe leads the whole world astray.

The great dragon ^9bis that ancient serpent called the devil or Satan, ^9cwho leads the whole world astray. ^9aHe was hurled down.

12:9d

He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him.

Yet he had been thrown to the earth along with his evil angels.
Indeed, Michael and his angels had thrown him and his demons to the earth.

He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him: This clause continues the story after John described the dragon in 12:9b–c. The Greek words are literally “he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him” (as in the RSV). The BSB does not repeat the verb phrase “thrown down,” because it is not required in English.

This clause is passive. Some languages must use an active clause. For example:

Michael and his angels threw him and his angels/demons to the earth

General Comment on 12:9a–d

The dragon and his angels were thrown to earth only once. But the word “thrown” appears in 12:9a and 12:9d. The word “thrown” in 12:9d refers again to the event in 12:9a.

In some languages translating the word “thrown” in both 12:9a and 12:9d would indicate that they were thrown twice. If that is true in your language, you should:

Indicate that 12:9d refers to the same event as 12:9a. For example:
^9aThe great dragon was hurled down—^9bthat ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, ^9cwho leads the whole world astray. Indeed, ^9dhe was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him.
Combine 12:9d with 12:9a. For example:
^9aThe great dragon was hurled down ^9dto the earth, and his angels with him. He is ^9bthat ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, ^9cwho leads the whole world astray.
Use only the evil angels as the subject in 12:9d. For example:
^9a–cThe great dragon, the primeval serpent known as the devil or Satan, who had led all the world astray, was hurled down to the earth ^9dand his angels were hurled down with him. (NJB)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐβλήθη ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας

˓was˒_cast_‹down› the dragon ¬the great

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) that God threw the dragon down after his angels defeated him. Alternate translation: [God threw down the dragon] (2) that Michael threw the dragon down to earth after defeating him in the war that they fought. Alternate translation: [Michael threw down the dragon]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος, ὁ καλούμενος

the ¬the the serpent ¬the ancient who ˓being˒_called

John assumes that his readers will understand that he is alluding to the way the devil appeared in the form of a serpent when he tempted Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. This story is told in [Genesis 3:1-15](../gen/03/01.md). You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [who tempted Adam and Eve in the form of a serpent, who is called]

Note 3 topic: translate-unknown

ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος

the ¬the the serpent ¬the ancient

A serpent is the same animal that is also called a “snake.” It is a reptile that has no legs and so slithers along the ground. If your readers would not be familiar with what a serpent or snake is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [that ancient slithering reptile]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ὁ καλούμενος

the ¬the the ¬the who ˓being˒_called

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [whom people call]

Note 5 topic: translate-names

Διάβολος

˓the˒_Devil

The word Diabolos is a name for the devil. Diabolos means “accuser” in Greek.

Note 6 topic: translate-transliterate

ὁ Σατανᾶς

the ¬the the ¬the who ¬the Satan

The word Satan is a Hebrew name that means “accuser.” So his readers will know how it sounds, John spells it out using Greek letters after giving the Greek equivalent, Diabolos, so that his readers will know what it means. In your translation you could spell Satan the way it sounds in your language and use the word for “accuser” in your own language in place of Diabolos so that your readers will know what it means.

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἐβλήθη ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος ὁ καλούμενος Διάβολος καί ὁ Σατανᾶς ὁ πλανῶν τήν οἰκουμένην ὅλην ἐβλήθη εἰς τήν γῆν καί οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐβλήθησαν)

Here the term world refers to the people who live in the world. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [all the people of the world]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐβλήθησαν

˓was˒_cast_‹down› ˱he˲_˓was˒_cast_‹down› on (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἐβλήθη ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος ὁ καλούμενος Διάβολος καί ὁ Σατανᾶς ὁ πλανῶν τήν οἰκουμένην ὅλην ἐβλήθη εἰς τήν γῆν καί οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐβλήθησαν)

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) that God threw the dragon down after his angels defeated him. Alternate translation: [God threw the dragon down to the earth and he threw his angels down with him] (2) that Michael threw the dragon and his angels down to earth after defeating them in the war that they fought. Alternate translation: [Michael threw the dragon down to the earth and he threw his angels down with him]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. And
2. -
3. 25320
4. S
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y96
11. 161145
1. was thrown down
2. -
3. 9060
5. ballō
6. V-IAP3··S
7. ˓was˒ throw ‹down›
8. ˓was˒ cast ‹down›
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161146
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161147
1. dragon
2. dinosaur
3. 14040
5. drakōn
6. N-····NMS
7. dragon
8. dragon
9. -
10. Y96; F161158; F161164; F161168; F161175; F161175
11. 161148
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161151
1. serpent
2. -
3. 37890
5. ofis
6. N-····NMS
7. serpent
8. serpent
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161152
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161149
1. great
2. huge
3. 31730
5. megas
6. A-····NMS
7. great
8. great
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161150
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161155
1. ancient
2. ancient
3. 7440
5. arχaios
6. A-····NMS
7. ancient
8. ancient
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161156
1. who
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····NMS
7. who
8. who
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161157
1. being called
2. called
3. 25640
5. kaleō
6. V-PPP·NMS
7. ˓being˒ called
8. ˓being˒ called
9. -
10. Y96; R161148
11. 161158
1. +the false accuser
2. -
3. 12280
4. W
5. diabolos
6. S-····NMS
7. ˓the˒ false_accuser
8. ˓the˒ Devil
9. W
10. Y96
11. 161159
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161160
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161161
1. Satan/(Sāţān)
2. ‘Satan
3. 45660
4. U
5. satanas
6. N-····NMS
7. Satan/(Sāţān)
8. Satan
9. U
10. Person=Satan; Y96
11. 161162
1. the one
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····NMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161163
1. deceiving
2. deceived
3. 41050
5. planaō
6. V-PPA·NMS
7. deceiving
8. deceiving
9. -
10. Y96; R161148
11. 161164
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161165
1. inhabited world
2. world
3. 36250
5. oikoumenē
6. N-····AFS
7. inhabited_world
8. inhabited_world
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161166
1. whole
2. whole
3. 36500
5. holos
6. E-····AFS
7. whole
8. whole
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161167
1. he was thrown down
2. -
3. 9060
5. ballō
6. V-IAP3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓was˒ throw ‹down›
8. ˱he˲ ˓was˒ cast ‹down›
9. -
10. Y96; R161148
11. 161168
1. on
2. -
3. 15190
5. eis
6. P-·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161169
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161170
1. earth
2. earth
3. 10930
5. gē
6. N-····AFS
7. earth
8. earth
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161171
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161172
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161173
1. messengers
2. messengers
3. 320
5. aŋgelos
6. N-····NMP
7. messengers
8. angels
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161174
1. of him
2. his
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3GMS
7. ˱of˲ him
8. ˱of˲ him
9. -
10. Y96; R161148; R161148
11. 161175
1. with
2. -
3. 33260
5. meta
6. P-·······
7. with
8. with
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161176
1. him
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3GMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161177
1. were throw down
2. -
3. 9060
5. ballō
6. V-IAP3··P
7. ˓were˒ throw ‹down›
8. ˓were˒ cast ‹down›
9. -
10. Y96
11. 161178

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear REV 12:9

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)