OET interlinear REV 12:9

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐβλήθη ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας

˓was˒_cast_‹down› the dragon ¬the great

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) that God threw the dragon down after his angels defeated him. Alternate translation: [God threw down the dragon] (2) that Michael threw the dragon down to earth after defeating him in the war that they fought. Alternate translation: [Michael threw down the dragon]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος, ὁ καλούμενος

the ¬the the serpent ¬the ancient who ˓being˒_called

John assumes that his readers will understand that he is alluding to the way the devil appeared in the form of a serpent when he tempted Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. This story is told in [Genesis 3:1-15](../gen/03/01.md). You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [who tempted Adam and Eve in the form of a serpent, who is called]

Note 3 topic: translate-unknown

ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος

the ¬the the serpent ¬the ancient

A serpent is the same animal that is also called a “snake.” It is a reptile that has no legs and so slithers along the ground. If your readers would not be familiar with what a serpent or snake is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [that ancient slithering reptile]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ὁ καλούμενος

the ¬the the ¬the who ˓being˒_called

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [whom people call]

Note 5 topic: translate-names

Διάβολος

˓the˒_Devil

The word Diabolos is a name for the devil. Diabolos means “accuser” in Greek.

Note 6 topic: translate-transliterate

ὁ Σατανᾶς

the ¬the the ¬the who ¬the Satan

The word Satan is a Hebrew name that means “accuser.” So his readers will know how it sounds, John spells it out using Greek letters after giving the Greek equivalent, Diabolos, so that his readers will know what it means. In your translation you could spell Satan the way it sounds in your language and use the word for “accuser” in your own language in place of Diabolos so that your readers will know what it means.

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἐβλήθη ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος ὁ καλούμενος Διάβολος καί ὁ Σατανᾶς ὁ πλανῶν τήν οἰκουμένην ὅλην ἐβλήθη εἰς τήν γῆν καί οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐβλήθησαν)

Here the term world refers to the people who live in the world. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [all the people of the world]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐβλήθησαν

˓was˒_cast_‹down› ˱he˲_˓was˒_cast_‹down› on (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἐβλήθη ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος ὁ καλούμενος Διάβολος καί ὁ Σατανᾶς ὁ πλανῶν τήν οἰκουμένην ὅλην ἐβλήθη εἰς τήν γῆν καί οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐβλήθησαν)

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) that God threw the dragon down after his angels defeated him. Alternate translation: [God threw the dragon down to the earth and he threw his angels down with him] (2) that Michael threw the dragon and his angels down to earth after defeating them in the war that they fought. Alternate translation: [Michael threw the dragon down to the earth and he threw his angels down with him]