InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEUT JOB YEHO (JOS) HERO (JDG) RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG YOEL (JOEL) MIC ISA ZEP HAB YIR (JER) LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBAD DAN EZEK EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL 2 PS WIS TOB MAN BAR G DAN G ESD L ESD ESG JDT 3 MAC SIR 1 MAC 2 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL LAOD PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
InterlinearVerse Rev C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22
Rev 6 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V16 V17
OET-LV And the kings of_the earth, and the magnates, and the commanders, and the rich, and the mighty, and every slave and free man, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of_the mountains,
OET (OET-RV) Then the kings on the earth, and high-ranking officials, military officers, rich people and influential individuals, all slaves and free people hid in caves and among rocks on the mountains.
In this section, Jesus, the Lamb, opened six of the seven seals on the scroll. The opening of each of the first four seals revealed a rider and a horse who would cause a different kind of trouble for people on the earth. The opening of the fifth seal revealed all the people who had been killed because of their faith. The opening of the sixth seal caused the whole universe to be shaken and moved.
Other examples of headings for this section are:
The Lamb opened six of the seven seals
The Seals (NIV)
The first six seals are opened
Then the kings of the earth, the nobles, the commanders,
¶ Then the kings/rulers of nations, other rulers, military leaders,
¶ Then the chief leaders over nations, the governors, military leaders,
the kings of the earth: This phrase refers to the chief rulers of every nation on earth. Other ways to translate this phrase are:
rulers of nations
top/supreme leaders everywhere
nobles: The Greek word that the BSB translates as nobles is literally “great men” (as in the RSV). This word probably refers to important leaders, but not the chief/top rulers. Other ways to translate this word are:
rulers (GNT)
governors (NJB)
the commanders: The Greek word that the BSB translates as the commanders refers to military leaders. Use the usual word that people call the top rank of military leaders of your country. The word should be able to refer to any nation’s military leaders.
the rich, the mighty, and every slave and free man
the wealthy, the people with political power, every slave, and every free man
rich people, influential people, every person subjected to a master, and every person who rules his own life
the rich: This phrase refers to people who have great wealth. For example:
the rich people (NJB)
the mighty: This phrase refers to people who have great political power or influence. For example:
the men of influence (NJB)
slave: A slave is a person who belongs to his owner, called his master. A slave has to obey his master. He is not free to leave his master. Other ways to translate this word are:
forced laborers
those subjected to a master
free man: A free man is a person who is not a slave. A free person can work in exchange for money for anyone who needs him. Other ways to translate this phrase are:
free workers
those who rule their own lives
hid in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains.
hid in caves/holes and among the rocks/boulders of the mountains.
caves: A cave is a large hole which goes deep into a hillside. Here these caves are big enough for people to enter them. Some languages may not have a word for caves. If that is true in your language, use a word referring to a good hiding place underground. For example:
holes
rocks: Here, this word refers to rocks big enough to hide behind. For example:
boulders
Note 1 topic: translate-unknown
χιλίαρχοι
commanders
The word chiliarchs describes officers in the Roman army who were in charge of groups of 1,000 soldiers. If your readers would not recognize this term, in your translation you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [military officers]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
οἱ πλούσιοι, καὶ οἱ ἰσχυροὶ
the the the the rich the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καί οἱ μεγιστᾶνες καί οἱ χιλίαρχοι καί οἱ πλούσιοι καί οἱ ἰσχυροί καί πᾶς δοῦλος καί ἐλεύθερος ἔκρυψαν ἑαυτούς εἰς τά σπήλαια καί εἰς τάς πέτρας τῶν ὀρέων)
John is using the adjectives rich and powerful as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: [rich people and powerful people]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / merism
καὶ πᾶς δοῦλος καὶ ἐλεύθερος
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καί οἱ μεγιστᾶνες καί οἱ χιλίαρχοι καί οἱ πλούσιοι καί οἱ ἰσχυροί καί πᾶς δοῦλος καί ἐλεύθερος ἔκρυψαν ἑαυτούς εἰς τά σπήλαια καί εἰς τάς πέτρας τῶν ὀρέων)
John may not be mentioning people who were slave and free in addition to all of the preceding people on this list. Instead, he may be using the two main civil statuses in his culture, slave and free, to mean all people. So this would be a summary of everyone on the list. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in plain language. Alternate translation, preceded by a comma: [indeed, all people, regardless of their status,]
OET-LV And the kings of_the earth, and the magnates, and the commanders, and the rich, and the mighty, and every slave and free man, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of_the mountains,
OET (OET-RV) Then the kings on the earth, and high-ranking officials, military officers, rich people and influential individuals, all slaves and free people hid in caves and among rocks on the mountains.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.
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