REV 6:6 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Καί
2. kai
3. And
4. Then But and
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y96
11. 158151
1. ἤκουσα
2. akouō
3. I heard something
4. heard something
5. 1910
6. VIAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ heard ‹something›
8. ˱I˲ heard ‹something›
9. -
10. Y96; R155558; Person=John2
11. 158152
1. ὡς
2. hōs
3. like
4. -
5. 56130
6. C·······
7. like
8. like
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158153
1. φωνήν
2. fōnē
3. +a voice
4. voice
5. 54560
6. N····AFS
7. ˓a˒ voice
8. ˓a˒ voice
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158154
1. ἐν
2. en
3. in
4. -
5. 17220
6. P·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158155
1. μέσῳ
2. mesos
3. +the midst
4. -
5. 33190
6. S····DNS
7. ˓the˒ midst
8. ˓the˒ midst
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158156
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. of the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GNP
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158157
1. τεσσάρων
2. tessares
3. four
4. four
5. 50640
6. E····GNP
7. four
8. four
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158158
1. ζῴων
2. zōon
3. living creatures
4. living creatures
5. 22260
6. N····GNP
7. living_creatures
8. living_creatures
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158159
1. λέγουσαν
2. legō
3. saying
4. said
5. 30040
6. VPPA·AFS
7. saying
8. saying
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158160
1. Χοῖνιξ
2. χoinix
3. +A ⱪoinix measure
4. -
5. 55180
6. N····NFS
7. ˓a˒ ⱪoinix_\add measure\add*
8. ˓a˒ choenix
9. D
10. Y96
11. 158161
1. σίτου
2. sitos
3. of wheat
4. wheat
5. 46210
6. N····GMS
7. ˱of˲ wheat
8. ˱of˲ wheat
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158162
1. δηναρίου
2. dēnarion
3. for +a daʸnarion coin
4. -
5. 12200
6. N····GNS
7. ˱for˲ ˓a˒ daʸnarion_\add coin\add*
8. ˱for˲ ˓a˒ denarius
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158163
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158164
1. τρεῖς
2. treis
3. three
4. three
5. 51400
6. E····NFP
7. three
8. three
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158165
1. χοίνικες
2. χoinix
3. ⱪoinix measure
4. -
5. 55180
6. N····NFP
7. ⱪoinix_\add measure\add*
8. choenix
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158166
1. κριθῆς
2. krithē
3. -
4. -
5. 29150
6. N····GFS
7. ˱of˲ barley
8. ˱of˲ barley
9. -
10. -
11. 158167
1. κριθῶν
2. krithē
3. of barley
4. barley
5. 29150
6. N····GFP
7. ˱of˲ barley
8. ˱of˲ barley
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158168
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GNS
7. ˱for˲ the
8. ˱for˲ the
9. -
10. -
11. 158169
1. δηναρίου
2. dēnarion
3. for +a daʸnarion coin
4. -
5. 12200
6. N····GNS
7. ˱for˲ ˓a˒ daʸnarion_\add coin\add*
8. ˱for˲ ˓a˒ denarius
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158170
1. καί
2. kai
3. but
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158171
1. τό
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158172
1. ἔλεον
2. eleos
3. -
4. -
5. 16560
6. N····AMS
7. mercy
8. mercy
9. -
10. -
11. 158173
1. ἔλαιον
2. elaion
3. olive oil
4. oil
5. 16370
6. N····ANS
7. olive_oil
8. olive_oil
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158174
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158175
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158176
1. οἶνον
2. oinos
3. wine
4. -
5. 36310
6. N····AMS
7. wine
8. wine
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158177
1. μή
2. mē
3. not
4. don't
5. 33610
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y96
11. 158178
1. ἀδικήσῃς
2. adikeō
3. you may injure
4. -
5. 910
6. VSAA2··S
7. ˱you˲ ˓may˒ injure
8. ˱you˲ ˓may˒ injure
9. -
10. Y96; R158141
11. 158179

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 6:1–17: The Lamb opened the first six seals

In this section, Jesus, the Lamb, opened six of the seven seals on the scroll. The opening of each of the first four seals revealed a rider and a horse who would cause a different kind of trouble for people on the earth. The opening of the fifth seal revealed all the people who had been killed because of their faith. The opening of the sixth seal caused the whole universe to be shaken and moved.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

The Lamb opened six of the seven seals

The Seals (NIV)

The first six seals are opened

6:6a

And I heard what sounded like a voice from among the four living creatures, saying,

And I heard the sound of a voice in the midst of the four living creatures saying,
Then I heard someone speak somewhere in the midst of the four living creatures. It said,

what sounded like a voice from among the four living creatures: This clause probably indicates that John could not see who spoke. It was not one of the four living creatures, God, or Jesus. But the sound of the voice came from the area where the four living creatures were. Other ways to translate this clause are:

something that sounded like a voice coming from the middle of the four living creatures (NCV)

a voice speaking where the living beings were

6:6b–d

At that time, a day’s wage for a common laborer was a silver coin called a “denarius.” A “denarius” would normally buy eight quarts of wheat or more. A “denarius” would also normally buy sixteen quarts of barley or more. Therefore, the words in 6:6b–c refer to a severe shortage of wheat and barley. They had become very expensive. But 6:6d prohibits any shortage of olive oil or wine. People used all these four foods daily to make their meals.

6:6b

“A quart of wheat for a denarius,

“A liter/quart of wheat will cost a day’s wages,
“There will be a shortage so that a whole day’s pay will buy only one day’s worth of wheat kernels/grain

A quart of wheat for a denarius: This clause has no verb. In some languages it is necessary to add a verb for good grammar. You should probably add a future verb. For example:

A quart of wheat will cost you a whole day’s wages! (CEV)

One quart of wheat will be sold for a day’s pay!

People will need a day’s wage to buy one quart of wheat!

This price is about eight times more than normal. In some languages a literal translation would not clearly indicate that the price is very high. If that is true in your language, you may want to explain the high cost in your translation. For example:

Wheat will be so expensive that a day’s wage will purchase only one quart of it instead of eight quarts!

One quart of wheat will cost much more than normal; it will cost a whole day’s wages!

quart of wheat: The grain called wheat was the daily food of many people at that time in that region. The Greek word for wheat and the kind of Greek measure probably imply wheat kernels/seeds/grain.BDAG, L&N, Lenski, Osbourne, and Kistemaker all refer to grain for the Greek word for wheat, rather than flour. The wheat kernels could be eaten directly or ground into flour for bread.

A quart of wheat would make enough bread for one person for one day. People in some languages do not normally eat wheat bread. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Use the daily food common to your area. This might be rice, corn, or some other kind of food. You may want to include a footnote to explain the literal word. An example footnote is:
Literally: “wheat.” Wheat bread was the daily food of many people at that time.
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Wheat was the daily food of many people at that time.
Wheat was the daily food in that place at that time. Bread is made from wheat. A quart/liter of wheat flour would make enough bread for one person for one day.

quart: The Greek word here refers to a measurement that is about equal to a quart or a liter. In some languages people are more familiar with liters than quarts. If that is true in your language, you may want to use the word “liter” here.

a denarius: At that time, one denarius paid the wage for one day of work by a laborer or farm worker. This was a low wage. Only poor people worked for one denarius a day.

The high prices on food indicates that people would have to work all day just to pay for enough food to eat that day. In your translation you may want to:

Follow the NIV and use the phrase “a day’s wages” or a similar phrase. For example:
the money earned from a whole day of working
a day’s pay. You may then want to explain the Greek word in a footnote. For example:
Literally, “a denarius.” This was a Roman coin that a laborer or farm worker received for one day of work. It was a poor person’s wage.
Use a word for a day’s wage for a poor person. For example:
a silver coin You may then want to explain the Greek word in a footnote. For example:
Literally, “a denarius.” This was a Roman coin that a laborer or farm worker received for one day of work.
Spell the Greek word as someone in your language would say it and explain its meaning in a footnote. If you have used the word “denarius” in the Gospels, you may want to use it here. An example footnote is:
A denarius was a Roman coin that a laborer or farm worker received for one day of work.

6:6c

and three quarts of barley for a denarius,

and three liters/quarts of barley will cost a day’s wages,
or three day’s worth of barley seeds/grain.

three quarts of barley for a denarius: The word barley refers to a cheaper grain than wheat. Poor people often bought barley instead of wheat. This price is about five times more than normal. Poor people in some languages do not normally eat barley bread. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

General Comment on 6:6b–c

Use the daily food common to poor people in your area. It should be a food different than the word you used in 6:6b. You may then want to include a footnote to explain the literal word. For example:
Literally: “barley.” Barley was the daily food of poor people at that time.
Explain barley in a footnote. For example:
“Barley” was the daily food of poor people at that time.
“Barley” was the daily food of poor people at that time. A low quality bread is made from barley. Three quarts/liters of barley was enough food for a small family for one day.

These two statements about food prices are probably instructions to the black horse and rider. The horse and rider will cause a shortage of foods used for the main part of the meal such as wheat and barley. The shortage will cause the high prices. People in some languages will not see that the shortage causes the high prices. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Include some implied information. For example:
Cause a shortage so that a quart of wheat costs a day’s wages and three quarts of barley costs a day’s wages
The food shortage will be so severe that a quart of wheat will cost a day’s wages and three quarts of barley will cost a day’s wages
Translate literally and explain its meaning in a footnote. For example:
This verse refers to a shortage of food that people eat daily. So the prices are five to eight times higher than normal. But there will not be a shortage of other food items like cooking oil and wine.

Also, the phrase “for a denarius” is repeated in 6:6c. In some languages it is more natural to omit the phrase. For example:

^6b–cA loaf of wheat bread or three loaves of barley will cost a day’s pay. (NLT)

6:6d

and do not harm the oil and wine.”

and/but do not harm the olive oil and the wine!”
But do not ruin the oil used in cooking or the wine.”

and do not harm the oil and wine: The person speaking prohibited the horse and rider from causing a shortage of olive oil and wine.Beale, Aune, and Swete support this interpretation of this clause. Other ways to translate this clause are:

but do not harm oil and wine! (RSV)

But don’t ruin the olive oil or the wine. (CEV)

oil: The word oil here refers to olive oil. The olive is the fruit of the olive tree. Olive oil is squeezed out of it. The oil was used as cooking oil and as fuel for lamps.

In some languages people will think that the word refers to something other than cooking oil. If that is true in your language, you may want to explain its use in your translation. For example:

cooking oil

wine: Wine is made from the juice of a fruit called grapes. Grapes grow on a vine. People squeeze them and collect the juice. The juice is allowed to ferment, so wine is an alcoholic beverage.

At that time people commonly drank wine with the evening meal. People in some languages are not familiar with wine. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain the meaning in your translation. For example:
common beverage called wine
fermented grape juice
wine water You may then want to explain its meaning in a footnote. For example:
Wine is a beverage made from grapes. At that time people usually drank wine with the evening meal.
Use the name of the beverage commonly used in your area with meals. You may then want a footnote to explain what wine is. For example:
Literally: “wine.” At that time, wine is a beverage that people commonly drank with the evening meal.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

λέγουσαν

saying

This voice is giving instructions to the rider on the black horse. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [saying to the rider on the black horse]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

χοῖνιξ σίτου δηναρίου, καὶ τρεῖς χοίνικες κριθῶν δηναρίου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἤκουσα ὡς φωνήν ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων λέγουσαν Χοῖνιξ σίτου δηναρίου καί τρεῖς χοίνικες κριθῶν δηναρίου καί τό ἔλαιον καί τόν οἶνον μή ἀδικήσῃς)

The implication is that there would be famine, so that wheat and barley, the staple crops in this culture, would become scarce and very expensive. (The balance that John describes the third rider holding in the previous verse may symbolize weighing grain for sale.) You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [Create famine that will cause grain to become so scarce that a choenix of wheat will cost a denarius and three choenices of barley will cost a denarius]

Note 3 topic: translate-bvolume

χοῖνιξ σίτου & τρεῖς χοίνικες κριθῶν

A choenix was a measure equivalent to about one liter or one quart. The plural of choenix is choenices. Alternate translation: [one liter of wheat … three liters of barley] or [one quart of wheat … three quarts of barley]

Note 4 topic: translate-bmoney

δηναρίου & δηναρίου

˱for˲_˓a˒_denarius & ˱for˲_˓a˒_denarius

The denarius was a silver coin that was worth a day’s wages for a laborer. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you could use a general expression or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation, in each instance: [for one silver coin] or [for the pay for one day of work]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / doublenegatives

μὴ ἀδικήσῃς

If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle not and the negative verb harm. Alternate translation: [be careful to preserve]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear REV 6:6

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)