ROM 9:5 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=minor/spelling Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV) The patriarchs are Jewish and the messiah who is over everything came from them in a body. May God be blessed throughout the ages. May it be so.

Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT of whom are the fathers, and from whom is the Christ—(that is, according to the flesh)—the one who is over all, blessed God to eternity. Amen.

UST Our Jewish forefathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were Israelites. The Messiah is also one of them, as someone physically related to them. The Messiah rules over everything. He is the blessed God forever. May it be so!

BLB whose are the patriarchs; and from whom is Christ according to the flesh, being God over all, blessed to the ages. Amen.

AICNT of whom the fathers and from whom is the Christ according to the flesh, the one being over all, God blessed forever,[fn] amen.

9:5, over all, God blessed forever: GPT-4 rendered the output of this verse, often associated with a high level of syntactical ambiguity, consistently as “over all, God blessed forever.” The word for “blessed” (εὐλογητὸς) is an adjective rather than a verb. Different translations punctuate this verse differently.

OEB They are descended from the patriarchs, and, as far as his human nature was concerned, from them came the Christ – he who is supreme over all things, God for ever blessed. Amen.

WEBBE of whom are the fathers, and from whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God, blessed forever. Amen.

WMBB of whom are the fathers, and from whom is Messiah as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God, blessed forever. Amen.

NET To them belong the patriarchs, and from them, by human descent, came the Christ, who is God over all, blessed forever! Amen.

LSV whose [are] the fathers, and of whom [is] the Christ, according to the flesh, who is God over all, blessed for all ages. Amen.

FBV They are our forefathers—ancestors of Christ, humanly-speaking, the one who rules over everything, the eternally-blessed God. Amen.

TCNT To them belong the patriarchs, and from them, according to the flesh, came the Christ, who is God over all, blessed forever. Amen.

T4T It was our ancestors, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, whom God chose to found our nation. And, most importantly, it was from us Israelites that the Messiah received his human nature. Nevertheless, most of my fellow Israelites have rejected Christ, who is the one who controls all things! He is God, the one who is worthy that we praise him forever! This is true! (OR, Amen!)

LEB to whom belong the patriarchs, and from whom is the Christ according to human descent, who is God over all, blessed _⌊forever_⌋[fn]! Amen.

9:5 Literally “for eternity”

BBE Whose are the fathers, and of whom came Christ in the flesh, who is over all, God, to whom be blessing for ever. So be it.

Moff the patriarchs are theirs, and theirs too (so far as natural descent goes) is the Christ. (Blessed for evermore be the God who is over all! Amen.)

Wymth To them the Patriarchs belong, and from them in respect of His human lineage came the Christ, who is exalted above all, God blessed throughout the Ages. Amen.

ASV whose are the fathers, and of whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

DRA Whose are the fathers, and of whom is Christ, according to the flesh, who is over all things, God blessed for ever. Amen.

YLT whose [are] the fathers, and of whom [is] the Christ, according to the flesh, who is over all, God blessed to the ages. Amen.

Drby whose [are] the fathers; and of whom, as according to flesh, [is] the Christ, who is over all, [fn]God blessed for ever. Amen.

9.5 Elohim

RV whose are the fathers, and of whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.
(whose are the fathers, and of whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God blessed forever. Amen. )

SLT Whose the fathers, and from whom Christ according to the flesh, who being God over all, praised forever. Amen.

Wbstr Whose are the fathers, and from whom according to the flesh, Christ came , who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

KJB-1769 Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.
(Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed forever. Amen. )

KJB-1611 Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is ouer all, God blessed for euer, Amen.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)

Bshps Of whom are the fathers, of whom as concernyng the fleshe, Christe came, which is God, in all thynges to be praysed for euer. Amen.
(Of whom are the fathers, of whom as concerning the flesh, Christ came, which is God, in all things to be praised forever. Amen.)

Gnva Of whome are the fathers, and of whome concerning the flesh, Christ came, who is God ouer all, blessed for euer, Amen.
(Of whom are the fathers, and of whom concerning the flesh, Christ came, who is God over all, blessed forever, Amen. )

Cvdl whose are also the fathers, off whom (after the flesh) commeth Christ, which is God ouer all, blessed for euer, Ame.
(whose are also the fathers, off whom (after the flesh) cometh/comes Christ, which is God over all, blessed forever, Ame.)

TNT whose also are the fathers and they of whome (as concernynge the flesshe) Christ came which is God over all thinges blessed for ever Amen.
(whose also are the fathers and they of whom (as concerning the flesh) Christ came which is God over all things blessed forever Amen. )

Wycl whos ben the fadris, and of which is Crist after the fleisch, that is God aboue alle thingis, blessid in to worldis.
(whose been the fathers, and of which is Christ after the flesh, that is God above all things, blessed in to worlds.)

Luth welcher auch sind die Väter, aus welchen Christus herkommt nach dem Fleische, der da ist GOtt über alles, gelobet in Ewigkeit! Amen.
(which also are the fathers, out_of which_(ones) Christ herkommt after to_him fleshe, the/of_the there is God above all/everything, praised in eternity! Amen.)

ClVg quorum patres, et ex quibus est Christus secundum carnem, qui est super omnia Deus benedictus in sæcula. Amen.
(whose fathers, and from to_whom it_is Christ/Messiah after/second the_flesh, who/which it_is over everything God blessed in/into/on forever. Amen. )

UGNT ὧν οἱ πατέρες, καὶ ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστὸς, τὸ κατὰ σάρκα ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων Θεὸς, εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν!
(hōn hoi pateres, kai ex hōn ho Ⱪristos, to kata sarka ho ōn epi pantōn Theos, eulogaʸtos eis tous aiōnas. amaʸn!)

SBL-GNT ὧν οἱ πατέρες, καὶ ἐξ ὧν ὁ χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων, θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας· ἀμήν.
(hōn hoi pateres, kai ex hōn ho ⱪristos to kata sarka, ho ōn epi pantōn, theos eulogaʸtos eis tous aiōnas; amaʸn.)

RP-GNT ὧν οἱ πατέρες, καὶ ἐξ ὧν ὁ χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων, θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.
(hōn hoi pateres, kai ex hōn ho ⱪristos to kata sarka, ho ōn epi pantōn, theos eulogaʸtos eis tous aiōnas. Amaʸn.)

TC-GNT ὧν οἱ πατέρες, καὶ ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων, Θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.
(hōn hoi pateres, kai ex hōn ho Ⱪristos to kata sarka, ho ōn epi pantōn, Theos eulogaʸtos eis tous aiōnas. Amaʸn. )

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs (from our SR-GNT base).

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 9:1–5: Paul was very sad about the Jews

In this section, Paul said that he was very sad about his fellow Jews. He was not specific about the cause of his sadness in these verses, only that God had given them many advantages as Israelites. Paul implied that they did not follow through on those advantages, and that made him sad.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

The unbelief of Israel and God’s choices

God chooses only according to his plan regarding the Jews

9:5a

Theirs are the patriarchs,

And they are connected/related to the forefathers,
They are also descended from our ancestors of long ago.

Theirs are the patriarchs: The Greek is literally “of whom the fathers.” It indicates that they are connected to Abraham, Isaac (son of Abraham), and Jacob (son of Isaac). Those three were the main ancestors of the Israelites. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

To them belong the patriarchs (ESV)

who are connected to the founders

whose ancestors are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob

Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob lived more than 1,800 years before Paul wrote this letter. In some translations, the translator may need to make it clear that they had died long ago. For example:

of whom are the forefathers of long ago

9:5b

and from them proceeds the human descent of Christ,

and from them, by natural descent, is the Christ,
And Jesus the Messiah is also an Israelite in regard to his human ancestors.
And Jesus, the one/person whom God appointed to save/rescue people, is from the Israelite nation/people-group because of his mother.

from them proceeds the human descent of Christ: The Greek is literally “from whom the Christ according to the flesh.” It indicates that Jesus is a person of the people of Israel, a Jew, when we look at his human descent through King David. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

from them, according to the flesh, is the Messiah (NABRE)

out of them, so far as physical descent is concerned, came Christ (NJB)

Christ himself was an Israelite as far as his human nature is concerned (NLT)

They have those famous ancestors, who were also the ancestors of Jesus Christ (CEV)

the human descent: Here the words that the BSB translates as human descent are literally “according to the flesh.” They refer to natural/human descent, as in 9:3. See the examples above.

Christ: Here this word refers to Jesus as the Messiah, the one God sent to save people. It is not used as another name for Jesus. For example:

the Christ/Messiah

the one/person whom God appointed to save/rescue people

See how you translated this word in 1:1.

9:5c

who is God over all, forever worthy of praise! Amen.

who/he is lord over all things, and he is God blessed/praised forever. It is true.
He rules everything and he is divine/God. His people and angels always praise him, now and for all the time. Amen/True!

who is God over all, forever worthy of praise: The Greek is literally “the (one) being over all God blessed into the ages.” There are three main ways to interpret these words:

The words God over all, forever worthy of praise describe “the Christ” (9:5b). This verse says that Jesus the Christ is lord over all things and he is also God and is blessed forever. For example:
who is above all, God, blessed for ever (NJB) (BSB, NIV, NJB, ESV, NLT, GW, NET, NCV)
The phrase God…forever worthy of praise describes “the (one) being over all,” and all of these words describe “the Christ” (9:5b). This verse says that Jesus the Christ is lord over all things and God blesses him forever. For example:
who is over all, God blessed forever (NASB) (NASB, NRSV, KJV)
The whole phrase is separate from the words “the Christ.” It is a blessing to God. For example:
…the Christ. God who is over all be blessed for ever. (RSV) (RSV, GNT, NABRE, CEV, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because a number of scholars say it is the most natural way to read the Greek.For example, Jewett (page 568). Moo, Morris, Longenecker, Cranfield, and Schreiner also support interpretation (1). They each describe the issue in detail. Interpretation (2) is mainly driven by the claim that Paul never refers to Jesus as God. But other Bible authors do and Paul probably does in Titus 2:13.

who is God over all: These words introduce a description of Jesus the Christ (9:5b). In some languages a literal translation would wrongly indicate that there are many Christs and only this one is over all. If that is true in your language, translate in a way that introduces a description of Jesus the Christ. For example:

he is God over all

and he is God over all

Here this phrase indicates that Jesus the Christ is lord of all things, including animals and people, and he is also God. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

he is God, the one rules over everything (NLT)

he is God who rules over all that existsKankanaey Back Translation on TW.

He is the God that surpasses and is above allYongkom Back Translation, unpublished manuscript, Papua New Guinea.

forever: The Greek is literally “into the ages.” It refers to all time in the future.

worthy of praise: The Greek word that the BSB translates as worthy of praise here means “blessed” or “honored.” People and the angels and other creatures of heaven are and will always praise and honor God. See how you translated it in 1:25.

Amen: This word indicates that Paul approved and confirmed as true what he just said. In many languages people will already be familiar with it and so it is possible to transliterate it. See how you translated it in 1:25.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

οἱ πατέρες

the fathers

Here, the fathers refers to the first ancestors of the Israelites, who are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

κατὰ σάρκα

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὧν οἱ πατέρες καί ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστός τό κατά σάρκα ὁ ὤν ἐπί πάντων Θεός εὐλογητός εἰς τούς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν)

See how you translated according to the flesh in [1:3](../01/03.md) and [8:3](../08/03.md).

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων

the ¬which (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὧν οἱ πατέρες καί ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστός τό κατά σάρκα ὁ ὤν ἐπί πάντων Θεός εὐλογητός εἰς τούς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν)

This clause refers to the Christ, mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this connection clearer. Alternate translation: [Christ is the one who is over all]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων

The phrase is over all implies ruling as king over all things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [the one who reigns over all]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

Θεὸς, εὐλογητὸς

Here, blessed God refers to Jesus. It does not refer to Father God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [he is the blessed God]

Parallel ROM 9:5

Section 9:1–5: Paul was very sad about the Jews

9:5a

9:5b

9:5c