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Rom C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16

Rom 9 V1 V2 V3 V4 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31 V32 V33

OET interlinear ROM 9:5

◄ ← ROM 9:5 ↓ → ► ║ ≡ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. ὧν
    2. hos
    3. of whose are
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····GMP
    7. ˱of˲ whose ‹are›
    8. ˱of˲ whose ‹are›
    9. -
    10. Y60; R109162
    11. 109184
    1. οἱ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109185
    1. πατέρες
    2. patēr
    3. fathers
    4. -
    5. 39620
    6. N····NMP
    7. fathers
    8. fathers
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109186
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. and
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109187
    1. ἐξ
    2. ek
    3. of
    4. -
    5. 15370
    6. P·······
    7. of
    8. of
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109188
    1. ὧν
    2. hos
    3. whom is
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····GMP
    7. whom ‹is›
    8. whom ‹is›
    9. -
    10. Y60; R109162
    11. 109189
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109190
    1. Χριστός
    2. χristos
    3. chosen one messiah
    4. messiah
    5. 55470
    6. N····NMS
    7. chosen_one/messiah
    8. Messiah
    9. WN
    10. Y60; Person=Jesus
    11. 109191
    1. τό
    2. ho
    3. which
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NNS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109192
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NNP
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 109193
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NMS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 109194
    1. κατά
    2. kata
    3. according to
    4. -
    5. 25960
    6. P·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109195
    1. σάρκα
    2. sarka
    3. flesh
    4. ≈physically
    5. 45610
    6. N····AFS
    7. flesh
    8. flesh
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109196
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. which
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····NMS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109197
    1. ὤν
    2. eimi
    3. being
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VPPA·NMS
    7. being
    8. being
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109198
    1. ἐπί
    2. epi
    3. over
    4. -
    5. 19090
    6. P·······
    7. over
    8. over
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109199
    1. πάντων
    2. pas
    3. all things
    4. -
    5. 39560
    6. S····GNP
    7. all ‹things›
    8. all ‹things›
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109200
    1. Θεός
    2. theos
    3. god
    4. God
    5. 23160
    6. N····NMS
    7. god
    8. God
    9. GN
    10. Y60; Person=God
    11. 109201
    1. εὐλογητός
    2. eulogētos
    3. blessed
    4. blessed
    5. 21280
    6. S····NMS
    7. blessed
    8. blessed
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109202
    1. εἰς
    2. eis
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 15190
    6. P·······
    7. to
    8. to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109203
    1. τούς
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109204
    1. αἰῶνας
    2. aiōn
    3. ages
    4. -
    5. 1650
    6. N····AMP
    7. ages
    8. ages
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109205
    1. Ἀμήν
    2. amēn
    3. Truly
    4. it so
    5. 2810
    6. I·······
    7. Truly
    8. Amen
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 109206

OET (OET-LV) of_whose are the fathers, and of whom is the chosen_one/messiah, which according_to flesh which being over all things god, blessed to the ages.
Truly.

OET (OET-RV) The patriarchs are Jewish, and the messiah, who has authority over everything, physically came from them. May God be blessed throughout the ages. May it be so.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 9:1–5: Paul was very sad about the Jews

In this section, Paul said that he was very sad about his fellow Jews. He was not specific about the cause of his sadness in these verses, only that God had given them many advantages as Israelites. Paul implied that they did not follow through on those advantages, and that made him sad.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

The unbelief of Israel and God’s choices

God chooses only according to his plan regarding the Jews

9:5a

Theirs are the patriarchs,

Theirs are the patriarchs: The Greek is literally “of whom the fathers.” It indicates that they are connected to Abraham, Isaac (son of Abraham), and Jacob (son of Isaac). Those three were the main ancestors of the Israelites. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

To them belong the patriarchs (ESV)

who are connected to the founders

whose ancestors are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob

Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob lived more than 1,800 years before Paul wrote this letter. In some translations, the translator may need to make it clear that they had died long ago. For example:

of whom are the forefathers of long ago

9:5b

and from them proceeds the human descent of Christ,

from them proceeds the human descent of Christ: The Greek is literally “from whom the Christ according to the flesh.” It indicates that Jesus is a person of the people of Israel, a Jew, when we look at his human descent through King David. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

from them, according to the flesh, is the Messiah (NABRE)

out of them, so far as physical descent is concerned, came Christ (NJB)

Christ himself was an Israelite as far as his human nature is concerned (NLT)

They have those famous ancestors, who were also the ancestors of Jesus Christ (CEV)

the human descent: Here the words that the BSB translates as human descent are literally “according to the flesh.” They refer to natural/human descent, as in 9:3. See the examples above.

Christ: Here this word refers to Jesus as the Messiah, the one God sent to save people. It is not used as another name for Jesus. For example:

the Christ/Messiah

the one/person whom God appointed to save/rescue people

See how you translated this word in 1:1.

9:5c

who is God over all, forever worthy of praise! Amen.

who is God over all, forever worthy of praise: The Greek is literally “the (one) being over all God blessed into the ages.” There are three main ways to interpret these words:

  1. The words God over all, forever worthy of praise describe “the Christ” (9:5b). This verse says that Jesus the Christ is lord over all things and he is also God and is blessed forever. For example:

    who is above all, God, blessed for ever (NJB) (BSB, NIV, NJB, ESV, NLT, GW, NET, NCV)

  2. The phrase God…forever worthy of praise describes “the (one) being over all,” and all of these words describe “the Christ” (9:5b). This verse says that Jesus the Christ is lord over all things and God blesses him forever. For example:

    who is over all, God blessed forever (NASB) (NASB, NRSV, KJV)

  3. The whole phrase is separate from the words “the Christ.” It is a blessing to God. For example:

    …the Christ. God who is over all be blessed for ever. (RSV) (RSV, GNT, NABRE, CEV, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because a number of scholars say it is the most natural way to read the Greek.For example, Jewett (page 568). Moo, Morris, Longenecker, Cranfield, and Schreiner also support interpretation (1). They each describe the issue in detail. Interpretation (2) is mainly driven by the claim that Paul never refers to Jesus as God. But other Bible authors do and Paul probably does in Titus 2:13.

who is God over all: These words introduce a description of Jesus the Christ (9:5b). In some languages a literal translation would wrongly indicate that there are many Christs and only this one is over all. If that is true in your language, translate in a way that introduces a description of Jesus the Christ. For example:

he is God over all

and he is God over all

Here this phrase indicates that Jesus the Christ is lord of all things, including animals and people, and he is also God. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

he is God, the one rules over everything (NLT)

he is God who rules over all that existsKankanaey Back Translation on TW.

He is the God that surpasses and is above allYongkom Back Translation, unpublished manuscript, Papua New Guinea.

forever: The Greek is literally “into the ages.” It refers to all time in the future.

worthy of praise: The Greek word that the BSB translates as worthy of praise here means “blessed” or “honored.” People and the angels and other creatures of heaven are and will always praise and honor God. See how you translated it in 1:25.

Amen: This word indicates that Paul approved and confirmed as true what he just said. In many languages people will already be familiar with it and so it is possible to transliterate it. See how you translated it in 1:25.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

οἱ πατέρες

the fathers

Here, the fathers refers to the first ancestors of the Israelites, who are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

κατὰ σάρκα

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὧν οἱ πατέρες καί ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστός τό κατά σάρκα ὁ ὤν ἐπί πάντων Θεός εὐλογητός εἰς τούς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν)

See how you translated according to the flesh in [1:3](../01/03.md) and [8:3](../08/03.md).

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων

the ¬which (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὧν οἱ πατέρες καί ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστός τό κατά σάρκα ὁ ὤν ἐπί πάντων Θεός εὐλογητός εἰς τούς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν)

This clause refers to the Christ, mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this connection clearer. Alternate translation: [Christ is the one who is over all]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων

the ¬which (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὧν οἱ πατέρες καί ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστός τό κατά σάρκα ὁ ὤν ἐπί πάντων Θεός εὐλογητός εἰς τούς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν)

The phrase is over all implies ruling as king over all things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [the one who reigns over all]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

Θεὸς, εὐλογητὸς

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὧν οἱ πατέρες καί ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστός τό κατά σάρκα ὁ ὤν ἐπί πάντων Θεός εὐλογητός εἰς τούς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν)

Here, blessed God refers to Jesus. It does not refer to Father God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [he is the blessed God]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. of whose are
    2. -
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····GMP
    7. ˱of˲ whose ‹are›
    8. ˱of˲ whose ‹are›
    9. -
    10. Y60; R109162
    11. 109184
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109185
    1. fathers
    2. -
    3. 39620
    5. patēr
    6. N-····NMP
    7. fathers
    8. fathers
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109186
    1. and
    2. and
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109187
    1. of
    2. -
    3. 15370
    5. ek
    6. P-·······
    7. of
    8. of
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109188
    1. whom is
    2. -
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····GMP
    7. whom ‹is›
    8. whom ‹is›
    9. -
    10. Y60; R109162
    11. 109189
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109190
    1. chosen one messiah
    2. messiah
    3. 55470
    4. WN
    5. χristos
    6. N-····NMS
    7. chosen_one/messiah
    8. Messiah
    9. WN
    10. Y60; Person=Jesus
    11. 109191
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····NNS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109192
    1. according to
    2. -
    3. 25960
    5. kata
    6. P-·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109195
    1. flesh
    2. ≈physically
    3. 45610
    5. sarka
    6. N-····AFS
    7. flesh
    8. flesh
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109196
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····NMS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109197
    1. being
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-PPA·NMS
    7. being
    8. being
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109198
    1. over
    2. -
    3. 19090
    5. epi
    6. P-·······
    7. over
    8. over
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109199
    1. all things
    2. -
    3. 39560
    5. pas
    6. S-····GNP
    7. all ‹things›
    8. all ‹things›
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109200
    1. god
    2. God
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····NMS
    7. god
    8. God
    9. GN
    10. Y60; Person=God
    11. 109201
    1. blessed
    2. blessed
    3. 21280
    5. eulogētos
    6. S-····NMS
    7. blessed
    8. blessed
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109202
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 15190
    5. eis
    6. P-·······
    7. to
    8. to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109203
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109204
    1. ages
    2. -
    3. 1650
    5. aiōn
    6. N-····AMP
    7. ages
    8. ages
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 109205
    1. Truly
    2. it so
    3. 2810
    4. S
    5. amēn
    6. I-·······
    7. Truly
    8. Amen
    9. S
    10. Y60
    11. 109206

OET (OET-LV) of_whose are the fathers, and of whom is the chosen_one/messiah, which according_to flesh which being over all things god, blessed to the ages.
Truly.

OET (OET-RV) The patriarchs are Jewish, and the messiah, who has authority over everything, physically came from them. May God be blessed throughout the ages. May it be so.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← ROM 9:5 ↑ → ► ║ ≡ ©