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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT ESA WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
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OET (OET-LV) These the_beasts (the)_great which they are_four four kings they_will_arise from the_earth.
OET (OET-RV) Those four large creatures, they represent four kingdoms that will come to be in the world,
Daniel had a vision of four beasts on earth and of God on his throne in heaven. One of the heavenly beings explained to Daniel that the four beasts represented four earthly kingdoms.
While still in a dreamlike state, Daniel asked about the meaning of what he had seen. God’s servant briefly explained to Daniel the meaning of his dream. He gave a summary of what the vision symbolized.
‘These four great beasts are four kings who will arise from the earth.
“The four large beasts represent four kings who will rise to power in the world.
“The four huge animals are symbols/symbolic of four earthly rulers.
These four great beasts are four kings who will arise from the earth: The servant of God explained that the four beasts represented four kings. The BSB says are four kings but the Aramaic text does not include a verb. It is implied by the context. In your translation, you should supply the verb that is natural in your language for explaining the meaning of symbols. For example:
These four huge beasts represent four kingdoms that will arise from the earth. (NLT)
four kings: The Aramaic word that the BSB translates literally as kings here refers to the kings who represent their respective empires. For this reason several English translations say “kingdoms” or “empires.” For example:
four empires (GNT)
four…kingdoms (CEV)
arise from the earth: The Aramaic phrase that the BSB translates as arise from the earth indicates that these kings or kingdoms will have their origin in the human realm. They will be earthly rulers, ruling earthly kingdoms. Avoid implying that these kings will rise from their graves to rule. Here are some possible ways to translate this:
rise to power on the earth (GW)
arise on earth (GNT)
earthly kingdoms (CEV)
Note 1 topic: writing-quotations
אִלֵּין֙ חֵיוָתָ֣א רַבְרְבָתָ֔א
these the,beasts (the),great
This is the beginning of what the “one … standing” told Daniel. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could introduce this as a direct quotation of him. Alternate translation: [He told me, ‘These great beasts]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / quotesinquotes
אִלֵּין֙ חֵיוָתָ֣א רַבְרְבָתָ֔א דִּ֥י אִנִּ֖ין אַרְבַּ֑ע אַרְבְּעָ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין יְקוּמ֥וּן מִן אַרְעָֽא
these the,beasts (the),great that/who they four four kings arise from/more_than the,earth
There is a direct quotation inside a direct quotation here. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: [He told me that those great beasts, which are four, are four kings arising from the earth]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
אַרְבְּעָ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין יְקוּמ֥וּן מִן אַרְעָֽא
four kings arise from/more_than the,earth
Here, four kings represent the four kingdoms that these kings rule. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [are four kingdoms that will arise on the earth]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
יְקוּמ֥וּן מִן אַרְעָֽא
arise from/more_than the,earth
The attendant is using arising from the earth as a common expression of the culture to mean “coming to power in the world.” If this phrase does not have that meaning for your readers, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [who will come to power in the world]
OET (OET-LV) These the_beasts (the)_great which they are_four four kings they_will_arise from the_earth.
OET (OET-RV) Those four large creatures, they represent four kingdoms that will come to be in the world,
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.