DAN 7:10 Interlinear View

1. Hebrew word
2. Hebrew lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. Gloss
8. CAPS codes
9. OET tags
10. OET word #
1. נְהַר
2. 516060
3. A river
4. river
5. 5103
6. S-Ncmsa
7. a_river
8. S
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360841
1. דִּי
2. 516061
3. of
4. -
5. 1768
6. S-Tr
7. (diy)_of
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360842
2. 516062
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 360843
1. נוּר
2. 516063
3. fire
4. fire
5. 5135
6. S-Ncbsa
7. fire
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360844
1. נָגֵד
2. 516064
3. +was flowing
4. flowing
5. 5047
6. V-Vqrmsa
7. [was]_flowing
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360845
1. וְ,נָפֵק
2. 516065,516066
3. and coming out
4. coming
5. 5312
6. V-C,Vqrmsa
7. and,coming_out
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360846
1. מִן
2. 516067
3. from
4. -
5. 4481
6. S-R
7. from
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360847
2. 516068
3. -
4. -
6. -x-maqqef
8. -
9. -
10. 360848
1. קֳדָמוֹ,הִי
2. 516069,516070
3. before him
4. -
5. 6925
6. S-R,Sp3ms
7. before,him
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360849
1. אֶלֶף
2. 516071
3. a thousand of
4. -
5. 506
6. S-Acmsc
7. a_thousand_of
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360850
1. אלפים
2. 516072
3. thousands
4. thousands
5. 506
6. -Acmpa
7. thousands
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360851
2. 516073
3. -
4. -
6. -
8. -
9. -
10. 360852
1. יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּ,הּ
2. 516074,516075
3. they were ministering to him
4. served
5. 8120
6. S-Vpi3mp,Sp3ms
7. they,were_ministering_to_him
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360853
1. וְ,רִבּוֹ
2. 516076,516077
3. and a myriad of
4. -
5. 7240
6. VO-C,Acfsc
7. and,a_myriad_of
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360854
1. רבון
2. 516078
3. myriads
4. -
5. 7240
6. S-Acfpa
7. myriads
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360855
2. 516079
3. -
4. -
6. -
8. -
9. -
10. 360856
1. קָדָמוֹ,הִי
2. 516080,516081
3. before him
4. -
5. 6925
6. -R,Sp3ms
7. before,him
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360857
1. יְקוּמוּן
2. 516082
3. they were standing
4. standing
5. 6966
6. S-Vqi3mp
7. they_were_standing
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360858
1. דִּינָ,א
2. 516083,516084
3. the court
4. court
5. 1780
6. S-Ncmsd,Td
7. the,court
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360859
1. יְתִב
2. 516085
3. it sat
4. sat
5. 3488
6. V-Vqp3ms
7. it_sat
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360860
1. וְ,סִפְרִין
2. 516086,516087
3. and books
4. -
5. 5609
6. S-C,Ncmpa
7. and,books
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360861
1. פְּתִיחוּ
2. 516088
3. they were opened
4. opened
5. 6606
6. V-VQp3mp
7. they_were_opened
8. -
9. Y-555; TProphecies_of_Daniel
10. 360862
2. 516089
3. -
4. -
6. -x-sof-pasuq
8. -
9. -
10. 360863

7:10 OSHB variant note: אלפים: (x-qere) ’אַלְפִין֙’: lemma_506 n_1.1.0 morph_AAcmpa id_27nt9 אַלְפִין֙

7:10 OSHB variant note: רבון: (x-qere) ’רִבְבָ֖ן’: lemma_7240 n_1.0 morph_AAcfpa id_27dSA רִבְבָ֖ן

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 7:1–28 Daniel dreamed about four beasts

Daniel had a vision of four beasts on earth and of God on his throne in heaven. One of the heavenly beings explained to Daniel that the four beasts represented four earthly kingdoms.

Paragraph 7:9–10

Daniel’s vision continued. He saw God on his throne beginning to judge all people.

These verses resemble Hebrew poetry, with parallelism within each verse. There is an introductory formula (“as I looked”) and then three sets of doublets, parallel lines. Several English versions print these verses as poetry, and you may wish to translate them as such. For example:

⁹As I looked:

Thrones of judgment were set in place,

The Ancient of Days seated himself.

His clothes were white like snow,

The hair of his head, pure as wool.

Fiery his throne,

Blazing its wheels!

¹⁰A river of fire poured out,

Streaming from his presence.

A thousand thousands were serving him

there,

Tens of thousands of his servants

were standing before him.

The court sat in judgment,

And the books were opened.

7:10a

A river of fire was flowing, coming out from His presence.

A fire/fiery river/stream poured from in front of the throne.
From his presence fire streamed/gushed out like a river.

A river of fire was flowing: The Aramaic clause that the BSB translates literally as A river of fire was flowing is a metaphor. It compares the fire that was issuing from the throne of God to a river of water that moves forward rapidly. There are several ways to translate this figure of speech:

Keeping the metaphor. For example:
and a stream of fire was pouring out (GNT)
Using a simile. For example:
fire flowed out like a river
Translating the meaning of the comparison. For example:
fire gushed out

A river of fire: The Aramaic phrase that the BSB translates as A river of fire means “a river consisting of fire.” This is in contrast to a normal river consisting of water. In your translation, it is good to use a word that refers to a large quantity of moving water or fire.

was flowing: The Aramaic verb that the BSB translates as was flowing refers to the movement of a liquid such as water. Try to use a word that can be used of the movement of both water and fire. For example:

was streaming forth (NET)

was pouring out (NLT)

coming out from His presence: The clause coming out from His presence indicates that the fire river issued from the Ancient of Days, from God himself on his throne. In the Aramaic this is a separate clause, “and it came out from before him.” Here are some other ways to translate this:

and came forth from before him (RSV)

and proceeding from his presence (NET)

General Comment on 7:10a

In some languages it may be natural to combine the two clauses into one. For example:

and a stream of fire was pouring out from it (GNT)

However, if you do this, it may be difficult to maintain the poetic structure of the verse. See the introductory comment on 7:9–10.

7:10b

Thousands upon thousands attended Him,

Many thousands of people/angels were serving him there.
Great crowds/numbers of his servants were there,

Thousands upon thousands attended Him: The Aramaic word that the BSB translates as attended means “served, ministered to.” There were many thousands of beings there, God’s servants. These could have been people or angels. Apparently they looked like people, because nothing is said about their appearance. So it is acceptable to say

Thousands and thousands of people attended him.

There were many thousands of people there to serve him (GNT)

7:10c

and myriads upon myriads stood before Him.

Hundreds of thousands of people/angels were standing in his presence ready to obey him.
yes, multitudes/millions were waiting to serve him.

myriads upon myriads stood before Him: This is parallel to 7:10b, and states the same thing in other words, using a stronger expression. God’s servants were so many that Daniel could not count them and used an expression meaning “a vast number.” Use a phrase that refers to a huge innumerable crowd. For example:

millions stood before him

countless numbers of his servants were present

General Comment on 7:10b–c

The repetition of the information emphasizes the expression. In some languages it may be natural to combine the two verse parts 7:10b–c and say:

and millions of people stood before him (GNT)

Countless thousands were standing there to serve him. (CEV)

However, if you do this, it may be hard to keep the poetic and parallel structure of 7:10. See also the General Comment on 7:10a.

7:10d

The court was convened,

The members of the court sat down on the thrones to judge,
Then the judges came and took their seats/places

The court was convened: The Aramaic word that the BSB translates as The court here refers to the judges who made up the court. They sat down as a sign that they were ready to begin judging. In some languages it will be good to make this explicit. Here are some other ways to translate this:

The court sat in judgment. (NRSV)

The court began its session (GNT)

The judges took their seats.

In some languages the act of sitting may not imply that the judges were about to judge. It may imply that they were resting. If this is the case in your language, you may wish to say:

The time of judgment began (CEV)

Court was ready to begin (NCV)

7:10e

and the books were opened.

and they opened the record books.
and opened the books of human actions/deeds.

and the books were opened: The heavenly books were opened in order that the judges could read them. This is a passive verb. There are several ways to translate this:

Using a passive verb. For example:
the books were opened (RSV)
Using an active verb. The text does not say who opened the books, and the actor is not in focus. So you may be able to say:
they opened the books
the books lay open (NJB)

If you must make the actor explicit, it may be best to say:

the judges opened the books

Making the subject “the judges” explicit will help to explain the nature and purpose of the books. The judges opened the books (or angels opened the books for the judges) in order that the judges could read them and make just decisions.

the books: The Aramaic word that the BSB translates as the books here refers to heavenly books in which people’s deeds are written. The judges opened and read these books in order to give judgment on each person’s life. See how you translated this idea in Revelation 20:12. In some languages it may be possible to imply the purpose of the books by saying:

the record books

the books of human deeds/actions

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

נְהַ֣ר דִּי־נ֗וּר נָגֵ֤ד וְ⁠נָפֵק֙ מִן־קֳדָמ֔וֹ⁠הִי

river that/who fire flowing and,coming_out from/more_than before,him

The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water flowing in a river. Alternate translation: “Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river”

קֳדָמ֔וֹ⁠הִי

before,him

The word him refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md).

אֶ֤לֶף אלפים

thousands_of thousands

This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people”

וְ⁠רִבּ֥וֹ

and,a_myriad_of

This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “thousands of thousands” or “great numbers of people”

דִּינָ֥⁠א יְתִ֖ב

the,court sat

This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “The judge was ready to judge” or “The judge was seated”

וְ⁠סִפְרִ֥ין פְּתִֽיחוּ

and,books opened

These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: “and the books of evidence were opened”

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)