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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
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Rev 14 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19
OET (OET-LV) And was_trodden the wine-press outside the city, and came_out blood out_of the wine-press, until the bridles of_the horses from thousand stadiums six_hundred.
OET (OET-RV) Then the grapes were trampled in the winepress outside the city, and blood came out of it and flowed up to the height of a horse’s bridle for 300 kilometres.
In this section, John saw one “like a son of man” seated on a white cloud. This person gathered the people of the earth just as someone harvests grain. Then an angel gathered the grapes of the earth, and squeezed the juice out. The juice represents God’s anger.
Other examples for this section heading are:
The harvest of the earth
The Earth Is Harvested (NCV)
The person on a cloud gathered the people of the earth
And the winepress was trodden outside the city,
They were crushed by foot in that winepress outside of the city,
Angels trampled them in that place outside the city.
And the winepress was trodden: The clause is passive. Some languages must use an active clause. For example:
They/Someone trod on them
trodden: This word refers to standing hard on something. The angels or someone stomped on the grapes to squeeze the juice out.
outside the city: These verses do not say which city this is. It might be Jerusalem or some other city. You should not say which city it is in your translation.
and the blood that flowed from it
and blood flowed from the winepress,
Blood came out from it,
blood: The blood here is probably a metaphor for God’s judgment and punishment of evil people.
it: Here this word refers to the winepress.
rose as high as the bridles of the horses for a distance of 1,600 stadia.
rising as high as the horses’ headgear for a distance of 1,600 stadia.
rising as high as people’s shoulders and flowing as far as three hundred kilometers.
the bridles of the horses: This phrase refers to a height of about 1.4–1.7 meters (4.5–5.5 feet).
In some languages people are not familiar with horses. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
Explain the height in your translation. For example:
the horses’ heads/necks (about 1.5 meters)
the horses’ heads/necks (about five feet)
Explain the height in a footnote. For example:
This would be about 1.5 meters high.
Refer to shoulder or neck or eye height of people. For example:
men’s shoulders/neck You may then want a footnote to explain the literal. For example:
Literally: “the horses’ bridles.”
bridles: This word refers to the equipment on a horse’s head to guide the horse. It includes the straps around the head and probably a mouthpiece.
the horses: The word horses refers to large, four-legged animals that weigh 500 kilograms (1100 pounds) or more. They are about 1.5 meters (5 feet) high at the back. People ride horses.
In some languages people are not familiar with horses. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
Explain the word in your translation. For example:
riding animals’
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, you may want to explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
A horse is a large, four-legged animal that weighs 500 kilograms or more. They are about 1.5 meters high at the back. People ride horses.
1,600 stadia: The Roman distance unit of measure is a stadium (plural is stadia). It is about 185 meters (607 feet). So 1,600 stadia is about 300 kilometers (180 miles). It is approximately the distance that Judea is from its northern border to its southern border. You may want to:
Use the Roman measure, as the BSB does. You may then want to explain the distance in a footnote. For example:
This is about 300 kilometers.
About 180 miles.
Use the common measure in your area. For example:
300 kilometers
180 miles
39,000 paces
the distance of walking 72 hours You may then want to explain the literal words in a footnote. For example:
Literally: “1,600 stadia.” The Roman measure of a stadium (plural is “stadia”) is about 185 meters.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
ἐπατήθη ἡ ληνὸς
˓was˒_trodden the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἐπατήθη ἡ ληνός ἔξωθεν τῆς πόλεως καί ἐξῆλθεν αἷμα ἐκ τῆς ληνοῦ ἄχρι τῶν χαλινῶν τῶν ἵππων ἀπό σταδίων χιλιῶν ἑξακοσίων)
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [workers trampled the winepress]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
ἐπατήθη ἡ ληνὸς
˓was˒_trodden the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἐπατήθη ἡ ληνός ἔξωθεν τῆς πόλεως καί ἐξῆλθεν αἷμα ἐκ τῆς ληνοῦ ἄχρι τῶν χαλινῶν τῶν ἵππων ἀπό σταδίων χιλιῶν ἑξακοσίων)
John is referring to the grapes in the winepress by association with the winepress itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [workers trampled the grapes in the winepress]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
αἷμα
blood
John is referring to a stream of blood by association with the blood that ran out of the winepress. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [a stream of blood]
Note 4 topic: translate-unknown
ἄχρι τῶν χαλινῶν τῶν ἵππων
until the bridles ˱of˲_the horses
The word bridles describes sets of headgear that riders use to control horses. If your readers would not be familiar with what bridles are, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: [as high as horses’ heads]
Note 5 topic: translate-bdistance
σταδίων χιλίων ἑξακοσίων
stadiums (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἐπατήθη ἡ ληνός ἔξωθεν τῆς πόλεως καί ἐξῆλθεν αἷμα ἐκ τῆς ληνοῦ ἄχρι τῶν χαλινῶν τῶν ἵππων ἀπό σταδίων χιλιῶν ἑξακοσίων)
The word stadia is the plural form of “stadium,” which was a distance of about 185 meters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could give the equivalent in modern measurements. Alternate translation: [about 300 kilometers] or [about 200 miles]
14:14-20 Two brief scenes portray God’s judgment.
OET (OET-LV) And was_trodden the wine-press outside the city, and came_out blood out_of the wine-press, until the bridles of_the horses from thousand stadiums six_hundred.
OET (OET-RV) Then the grapes were trampled in the winepress outside the city, and blood came out of it and flowed up to the height of a horse’s bridle for 300 kilometres.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.
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