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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
Rom C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16
Rom 16 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27
In this section, Paul told the believers to welcome Phoebe when she arrived in Rome and to help her. It is likely that Phoebe carried this letter to Rome.
Then Paul greeted a number of believers whom he had already met. He often used an encouraging description of the person he was greeting.
Then he encouraged the believers in Rome to welcome one another. He warned them to watch out for people who cause divisions or create problems among the believers. He told them to avoid such people. He reminded them that such people only do things for their own selfish interests. He reminded the believers in Rome that people in many places know that the believers obey God well. He encouraged them by saying that God would soon defeat Satan. He blessed them with the grace of Jesus.
He relayed greetings to them from people who were there with him.
Here are other possible headings for this section:
Final Instructions and Greetings (ESV)
He greeted them and instructed them one last time
Paul greeted the believers there
Greet Mary, who has worked very hard for you.
Greet Mary for me. She has labored much for you(plur).
Give my greetings of respect to Mary. She worked very hard for Christ in order to help you.
Mary: This woman is not otherwise known. This name probably does not refer to any other Mary in the Bible. The Greek spelling of this name, using English letters, is Maria.
who has worked very hard for you: This further describes this Mary. It does not separate this Mary from other Marys. For the correct meaning, some languages must avoid the word who, or start a new sentence. For example:
She has worked very hard for you.
has worked very hard: The Greek is more literally “labored much.” It is implied that Mary had worked hard for the gospel of Jesus. But it is not known what kind of gospel work she did.
for you: This indicates that Mary’s work benefited the believers in Rome.
Note 1 topic: translate-names
Μαρίαν
Mary
The word Mary is the name of a woman. Several women in the Bible are named Mary because it was a common Jewish name.
16:1-16 Paul here commended and greeted twenty-seven Roman Christians, ten of whom were women. Women played important roles in the early church.
• Paul had never been to Rome, which has led to some speculation as to how he knew so many people there. One theory is that ch 16 was actually part of another letter that Paul sent to Ephesus. However, we have no good manuscript evidence for a separate letter (cp. study note on 15:33). Perhaps the answer is that Paul was able to greet so many people in Rome because he had encountered them during their travels away from Rome (see Romans Book Introduction, “Setting”).
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.