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MainId: 004463000000000
Version: 0
HasAramaic: False
InLXX: True
AlphaPos: σ
StrongCodes: G4561
Notes: [{'Caller': 1, 'LanguageCode': 'en', 'LastEdited': '', 'LastEditedBy': '', 'References': [], 'Content': 'It is possible that σάρξ[b] differs in meaning from σῶμα[a] ({D:8.1}) in focussing somewhat more upon the physical nature.'}, {'Caller': 2, 'LanguageCode': 'en', 'LastEdited': '', 'LastEditedBy': '', 'References': [], 'Content': 'πατριά[a] and φυλή[b] nation, people ({D:11.56}) focus attention upon a particular people as a socially functioning unit, while the feature of biological descent is largely secondary. But in the case of γένος[b] and σάρξ[e], the feature of biological descent is focal, while group functioning is largely secondary.'}, {'Caller': 3, 'LanguageCode': 'en', 'LastEdited': '', 'LastEditedBy': '', 'References': [], 'Content': 'In this subdomain (Human Beings) a number of expressions referring to people are based upon metonymies involving terms for parts or aspects of persons. Such metonymic figures of speech are involved in σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα ({D:9.14}), γόνυ[b] ({D:9.16}), χείρ[b] ({D:9.17}), γλῶσσα[g] ({D:9.18}), ὄνομα[b] ({D:9.19}), and ψυχή[c] ({D:9.20}).'}]
BaseForms:
BaseFormID: 004463001000000
PartsOfSpeech: noun, f.
Inflections:
Lemma: σάρξ
BaseFormIndex: 1
Realizations: σαρκός
RelatedLemmas: [{'Word': 'σαρκικός', 'Meanings': []}, {'Word': 'σάρκινος', 'Meanings': []}]
LEXMeanings:
LEXID: 004463001001000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 8.63
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Body, Body Parts, and Body Products
LEXSubDomains: Parts of the Body
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: the flesh of both animals and human beings
Glosses: flesh
Comments: Some languages make an important distinction between the flesh of a living person and the flesh of someone who has been killed or who has died. It would be this latter sense which should be reflected in {S:06601901800040}. In {S:04500202800030} the reference to ‘circumcision in the flesh’ (ἐν σαρκὶ περιτομή) would, however, require the first sense, namely, the flesh of a living person.
LEXReferences: LUKE 24:39, YHN 6:51, YHN 6:52, YHN 6:53, YHN 6:54, YHN 6:55, YHN 6:56, ACTs 2:26, ACTs 2:31, ROM 2:28, 1COR 5:5, 1COR 10:18, 1COR 15:39, 1COR 15:39, 1COR 15:39, 1COR 15:39, GAL 6:13, EPH 2:11, COL 1:22, HEB 2:14, HEB 9:13, HEB 10:20, YAC 5:3, REV 17:16, REV 19:18, REV 19:18, REV 19:18, REV 19:18, REV 19:18, REV 19:21
LEXID: 004463001002000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 8.4
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Body, Body Parts, and Body Products
LEXSubDomains: Body
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: a living body{N:001}
Glosses: ['body', 'physical body']
Comments: Though the reference of σάρξ in {S:05400301600024} is to the physical body, it may be necessary in some instances to translate this as ‘a human being’ or ‘a person,’ that is to say, ‘Christ appeared as a human being’ or ‘Christ became a person.’ Otherwise, the reader might assume that Christ took on the body of someone else or merely indwelt some miraculous human form rather than actually became a human being
LEXReferences: MAT 19:5, MAT 19:6, MARK 10:8, MARK 10:8, YHN 6:51, 1COR 6:16, 2COR 4:11, 2COR 7:1, 2COR 7:5, 2COR 10:3, GAL 2:20, GAL 4:13, GAL 4:14, EPH 2:14, EPH 5:29, EPH 5:31, PHP 1:22, PHP 1:24, COL 1:24, COL 2:1, COL 2:5, 1TIM 3:16, HEB 9:10, HEB 10:20, HEB 12:9, 1PET 3:18, 1PET 3:21, 1PET 4:1, 1PET 4:1, 1PET 4:6, 2PET 2:10, 2PET 2:18, 1YHN 4:2, YUD 1:7, YUD 1:8, YUD 1:23
LEXID: 004463001003000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 9.11
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: People
LEXSubDomains: Human Beings
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: (a figurative extension of meaning of {L:σάρξ
Glosses: ['people', 'human being']
LEXReferences: MAT 24:22, MARK 13:20, LUKE 3:6, YHN 1:14, YHN 17:2, ACTs 2:17, ROM 3:20, 1COR 1:29, GAL 2:16, 1PET 1:24
LEXID: 004463001004000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 9.12
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: People
LEXSubDomains: Human Beings
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: (a figurative extension of meaning of {L:σάρξ
Glosses: ['physical nature', 'human']
Comments: In a number of languages it would seem strange, if not totally redundant, to speak of ‘physical fathers’ or ‘human fathers’ ({S:05801200900010}), since the term ‘fathers’ would suffice, and any addition would be misleading. In some instances, however, one might use an expression such as ‘our own fathers,’ so as to provide an implied contrast with the heavenly Father. Where it is necessary to qualify the term ‘fathers,’ one may use an expression such as ‘fathers which caused us to be conceived.’
LEXReferences: EPH 6:5, PHP 3:3, PHP 3:4, PHP 3:4, HEB 12:9, 2YHN 1:7
LEXID: 004463001005000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
LEXEntryCode: 10.1
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Kinship Terms
LEXSubDomains: Groups and Members of Groups of Persons Regarded as Related by Blood but without Special Reference to Successive Generations
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: a relatively large group of persons regarded as being biologically related{N:002}
Glosses: ['race', 'ethnic group', 'nation']
Comments: It may be difficult in some languages to clearly distinguish between culture and race as in {S:04100702600016}. Sometimes this difference can be indicated by saying ‘the woman lived like a Greek, but she was a Syrophoenician’ or ‘… her parents were from Syrophoenicia.’ In translating ‘people of my own race’ in {S:04501101400012}, it may be necessary to say ‘all my fellow Jews’ or ‘all those people of whom I am a part’ or ‘those people who are my roots’ or ‘… my trunk,’ based on the analogy of a tree trunk and branches.
LEXID: 004463001006000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 26.7
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Psychological Faculties
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: the psychological aspect of human nature which contrasts with the spiritual nature; in other words, that aspect of human nature which is characterized by or reflects typical human reasoning and desires in contrast with those aspects of human thought and behavior which relate to God and the spiritual life
Glosses: ['human nature', 'human aspects', 'natural', 'human']
Comments: Some scholars understand the meaning of σάρξ[f] as being a person’s lower nature rather than simply human nature, but the distinction between lower nature and higher nature seems to be primarily one arising out of typical Greek thought rather than out of the Semitic background which seems to be so pervasive in the use of the term σάρξ in NT contexts such as {S:04600102600024}. There are, of course, contexts in which σάρξ does refer to that psychological factor in man which serves as a willing instrument of sin and is subject to sin.
LEXReferences: MAT 26:41, MARK 14:38, YHN 6:63, YHN 8:15, ROM 6:19, ROM 7:5, ROM 7:18, ROM 7:25, ROM 8:3, ROM 8:3, ROM 8:4, ROM 8:5, ROM 8:5, ROM 8:6, ROM 8:7, ROM 8:8, ROM 8:9, ROM 8:12, ROM 8:12, ROM 8:13, ROM 13:14, 1COR 1:26, 2COR 1:17, 2COR 5:16, 2COR 5:16, 2COR 10:2, 2COR 10:3, 2COR 11:18, GAL 3:3, GAL 5:13, GAL 5:16, GAL 5:17, GAL 5:17, GAL 5:19, GAL 5:24, GAL 6:8, GAL 6:8, GAL 6:12, EPH 2:3, EPH 2:3, COL 2:11, COL 2:13, COL 2:18, COL 2:23, PHM 1:16, 1YHN 2:16
LEXID: 004463001007000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
LEXEntryCode: 58.10
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Nature, Class, Example
LEXSubDomains: Nature, Character
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: human nature, particularly in reference to the physical aspect of human life
Glosses: ['human nature', 'physical nature of people']
Comments: In some languages one may more appropriately translate this phrase in {S:04800402300016} as ‘was born like any person is’ or ‘was born like people are normally born.’
LEXReferences: YHN 3:6, YHN 3:6, ROM 1:3, ROM 4:1, ROM 8:3, ROM 9:3, ROM 9:5, ROM 9:8, 1COR 7:28, 1COR 10:18, GAL 4:23, GAL 4:29, COL 3:22, 1PET 3:18, 1YHN 4:2
LEXID: 004463001008000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
LEXEntryCode: 23.90
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Physiological Processes and States
LEXSubDomains: Live, Die
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: (a figurative extension of meaning of {L:σάρξ
Glosses: life
LEXID: 004463001009000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
LEXEntryCode: 25.29
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Attitudes and Emotions
LEXSubDomains: Desire Strongly
LEXCollocations: σαρκὸς θέλημα
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: desire of the flesh) desire for sexual gratification
Glosses: ['sexual desire', 'physical desire']
LEXReferences: YHN 1:13
LEXID: 004463001010000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 9.14
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: People
LEXSubDomains: Human Beings
LEXCollocations: σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: flesh and blood) a human being in contrast with a divine being{N:003}
Glosses: ['person', 'human being']
LEXReferences: MAT 16:17, 1COR 15:50, GAL 1:16, EPH 6:12
LEXID: 004463001011000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
LEXEntryCode: 22.20
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Trouble, Hardship, Relief, Favorable Circumstances
LEXSubDomains: Experience Trouble, Hardship
LEXCollocations: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-02-09 12:44:43
DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: thorn in the flesh) something which causes serious trouble and difficulty
Glosses: ['trouble', 'woe', 'suffering', 'serious inconvenience', 'thorn in the flesh']
Comments: There are a number of different interpretations of σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί in {S:04701200700028} (see discussion at {D:20.27}).
LEXReferences: 2COR 12:7