YHN 10:12 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Ὁ
2. ho
3. The
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. S
10. Y33
11. 71935
1. δέ
2. de
3. -
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. -
10. -
11. 71936
1. μισθωτός
2. misthōtos
3. hired hand
4. -
5. 34110
6. N····NMS
7. hired_hand
8. hired_hand
9. -
10. Y33; F71943; F71958; F71962; F71983
11. 71937
1. δέ
2. de
3. -
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. -
10. -
11. 71938
1. καί
2. kai
3. even
4. -
5. 25320
6. D·······
7. even
8. even
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71939
1. οὐκ
2. ou
3. not
4. aren't
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71940
1. ὤν
2. eimi
3. being
4. -
5. 15100
6. VPPA·NMS
7. being
8. being
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71941
1. ποιμήν
2. poimēn
3. +the shepherd
4. shepherd
5. 41660
6. N····NMS
7. ˓the˒ shepherd
8. ˓the˒ shepherd
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71942
1. οὗ
2. hos
3. of whose
4. -
5. 37390
6. R····GMS
7. ˱of˲ whose
8. ˱of˲ whose
9. -
10. Y33; R71937
11. 71943
1. οὐκ
2. ou
3. not
4. -
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71944
1. εἰσίν
2. eimi
3. -
4. -
5. 15100
6. VIPA3··P
7. are
8. are
9. -
10. -
11. 71945
1. ἐστίν
2. eimi
3. is
4. -
5. 15100
6. VIPA3··S
7. is
8. is
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71946
1. ἰδία
2. idios
3. -
4. -
5. 23980
6. E····NNP
7. own
8. own
9. -
10. -
11. 71947
1. τά
2. ho
3. his
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NNP
7. his
8. his
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71948
1. πρόβατα
2. probaton
3. sheep
4. -
5. 42630
6. N····NNP
7. sheep
8. sheep
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71949
1. τά
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NNP
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. -
11. 71950
1. ἰδία
2. idios
3. own
4. -
5. 23980
6. E····NNP
7. own
8. own
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71951
1. θεωρεῖ
2. theōreō
3. is observing
4. -
5. 23340
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ observing
8. ˓is˒ observing
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71952
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71953
1. λύκον
2. lukos
3. wolf
4. -
5. 30740
6. N····AMS
7. wolf
8. wolf
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71954
1. Λυδόν
2. ludos
3. -
4. -
5. 30705
6. N····AMS
7. Ludian
8. Lydian
9. U
10. -
11. 71955
1. ἐρχόμενον
2. erχomai
3. coming
4. coming
5. 20640
6. VPPM·AMS
7. coming
8. coming
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71956
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71957
1. ἀφίησιν
2. afiēmi
3. is leaving
4. -
5. 8630
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ leaving
8. ˓is˒ leaving
9. -
10. Y33; R71937
11. 71958
1. τά
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71959
1. πρόβατα
2. probaton
3. sheep
4. -
5. 42630
6. N····ANP
7. sheep
8. sheep
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71960
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71961
1. φεύγει
2. feugō
3. is fleeing
4. -
5. 53430
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ fleeing
8. ˓is˒ fleeing
9. -
10. Y33; R71937
11. 71962
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71963
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71964
1. λύκος
2. lukos
3. wolf
4. -
5. 30740
6. N····NMS
7. wolf
8. wolf
9. -
10. Y33; F71969
11. 71965
1. ἁρπάζει
2. harpazō
3. is snatching
4. snatches
5. 7260
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ snatching
8. ˓is˒ snatching
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71966
1. αὐτά
2. autos
3. them
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3ANP
7. them
8. them
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71967
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71968
1. σκορπίζει
2. skorpizō
3. is scattering
4. scatters
5. 46500
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ scattering
8. ˓is˒ scattering
9. -
10. Y33; R71965
11. 71969
1. τά
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. -
11. 71970
1. πρόβατα
2. probaton
3. -
4. -
5. 42630
6. N····ANP
7. sheep
8. sheep
9. -
10. -
11. 71971

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:1–21: Jesus is the good shepherd

In this section Jesus talked about how he related to his people, his followers. He compared himself to the door of the sheep pen and to the shepherd. This comparison is something like a parable, but there is no actual story or narrative. It is more like a word picture, or a series of word pictures linked by the theme of sheep farming. It can also be described as an extended metaphor.

First Jesus compares himself to the door of the sheep pen because he is the way to salvation. Then he compares himself to the good shepherd because he leads and cares for his people as a shepherd does his sheep.

Here are other possible section headings:

Jesus is the shepherd of his people

Jesus told the parable/story of the good shepherd and his sheep

Jesus compared himself to a shepherd and the door/gate to a sheep pen

Paragraph 10:11–16

Jesus changed the metaphor in this paragraph. In this new metaphor, the shepherd represents Jesus, the sheep again represent believers, and the hired hand represents bad Jewish leaders. The contrast here is that Jesus cares well for the sheep while the bad leaders only think about themselves.

10:12a

The hired hand is not the shepherd, and the sheep are not his own.

The hired man is not the shepherd and the sheep are not his own/property.
The man who is paid to take care of the sheep is not the true/real shepherd because the sheep do not belong to him.

The hired hand is not the shepherd, and the sheep are not his own: These words contrast The hired hand and the shepherd. It is therefore important that the term you use for the shepherd can refer to a man who owns the sheep. In some languages it may be natural to emphasize the contrast by translating this as a separate sentence. For example:

The worker who is paid to keep the sheep is different from the shepherd who owns them. (NCV)

The hired hand: This phrase refers to a person who is employed to take care of the sheep. The owner of the sheep pays this person to look after the sheep. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

The hired man

The paid worker

The man who receives money/wages to care for the sheep

The phrase The hired hand is used as a metaphor for the false religious teachers. Here are some ways that they are similar:

They are mainly interested in their own financial gain.
They do not protect those they are responsible for.
They try to escape in times of danger.

It is good to continue to translate this extended metaphor literally. But consider how you can help your readers understand that Jesus used an illustration. He did not actually criticize paid farm workers. (Nor did he criticize all religious teachers who receive pay/wages.) The main point is that he is not concerned about the sheep, which is not like the shepherd.

is not the shepherd, and the sheep are not his own: The two phrases is not the shepherd and the sheep are not his own both describe the hired man. They are saying the same thing in two different ways. The shepherd was the one who owned the sheep, not the hired man. In some languages it may be natural to make this clear. For example:

who is not the shepherd who owns the sheep (NIV)

is different from the shepherd who owns them (NCV)

and the sheep are not his own: The sheep do not belong to the hired man. It is implied that this is why he does not care about their welfare very much. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

he is not the owner of the sheep

the sheep do not belong to him

10:12b

When he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away.

So then when he sees a wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away.
So when a wild dog comes, the paid/hired man escapes and abandons the sheep.

When he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away: The subject of these actions is the hired man from 10:12a. The hired man is not willing to face danger for the benefit of the sheep. He does what is best for himself and runs away from the wolf, leaving the sheep in danger. In some languages it may be natural to begin a new sentence here. For example:

He sees a wolf coming and, leaving the sheep, he runs away.

When he sees a wolf coming, the hired worker abandons the sheep and runs off.

sees the wolf coming: This phrase indicates that the hired man sees a wolf, any wolf, coming toward the sheep pen. Jesus did not refer to a specific wolf. For example:

sees a wolf coming (NCV)

when they see a wolf coming (CEV)

wolf: A wolf is a wild dog that is a danger both to sheep and people. In some cultures wolves are unknown. If this is the case in your language area, it may be helpful to do one of the following:

Include a picture of a wolf and a footnote explaining that wolves were a threat to both sheep and people.
Use a phrase that describes a wolf. For example:
wild dog
fierce dog
Use a general word for a dangerous animal like a predator, which hunts other animals for food. For example:
predator
Substitute another dangerous animal. This should be an animal known both to your culture and to the culture of Jesus’ time. For example:
bear
lion

he abandons the sheep and runs away: The hired man runs away, leaving the sheep behind. He is only interested in earning money, not in protecting the sheep from danger. In some languages it may be natural to reverse the order of the verbs abandons and runs away. For example:

and escapes, leaving the sheep in danger

he runs away from the wolf, abandoning the sheep

General Comment on 10:12 a-b

In some languages it is more natural to say first that the hired man does not defend the sheep and then say why. For example:

^12bA hired hand will run when he sees a wolf coming. He will abandon the sheep ^12abecause they don’t belong to him and he isn’t their shepherd. (NLT)

10:12c

Then the wolf pounces on them and scatters the flock.

Then the wolf seizes the sheep and scatters them.
The wild dog attacks the flock and makes the sheep run away in all directions.

Then the wolf pounces on them and scatters the flock: The Greek conjunction that the BSB translates as the first Then here introduces the two results of what just happened. The wolf does two things to the flock (group of sheep). Here are other ways to translate these clauses:

and then the wolf attacks and scatters the sheep (NJB)

Then the wolf attacks the flock and scatters it. (NIV)

the wolf pounces on them: This clause indicates the first result of the hired man running away. The wolf seizes or grabs some of the sheep in order to kill and eat them. For example:

he will now kill-and-eat (Tagbanwa Back Translation)

and scatters the flock: The conjunction and connects the two results of the hired man running away. The second result is that the wolf scatters the flock. That means that the sheep do not stay together but run away in different directions.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ὁ μισθωτὸς

the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ὁ μισθωτός καί οὐκ ὤν ποιμήν οὗ οὐκ ἐστίν τά πρόβατα ἰδία θεωρεῖ τόν λύκον ἐρχόμενον καί ἀφίησιν τά πρόβατα καί φεύγει καί ὁ λύκος ἁρπάζει αὐτά καί σκορπίζει)

Jesus uses the phrase hired servant to refer to the Jewish leaders and teachers. If this might confuse your readers, you could use a simile or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [each of your leaders is like a hired servant]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ὁ μισθωτὸς

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [the man whom someone hired]

Note 3 topic: translate-unknown

τὸν λύκον & ὁ λύκος

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ὁ μισθωτός καί οὐκ ὤν ποιμήν οὗ οὐκ ἐστίν τά πρόβατα ἰδία θεωρεῖ τόν λύκον ἐρχόμενον καί ἀφίησιν τά πρόβατα καί φεύγει καί ὁ λύκος ἁρπάζει αὐτά καί σκορπίζει)

A wolf is a fierce wild dog that is known for attacking and devouring livestock. If your readers would not be familiar with this animal, you could use the name of a fierce predator or wild dog in your area that commonly eats farmers’ livestock, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [the fierce predator … that predator]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τὰ πρόβατα & τὰ πρόβατα

See how you translated sheep in the [10:8](../10/08.md).

Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-time-sequential

ὁ λύκος ἁρπάζει αὐτὰ καὶ σκορπίζει

the wolf ˓is˒_snatching (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ὁ μισθωτός καί οὐκ ὤν ποιμήν οὗ οὐκ ἐστίν τά πρόβατα ἰδία θεωρεῖ τόν λύκον ἐρχόμενον καί ἀφίησιν τά πρόβατα καί φεύγει καί ὁ λύκος ἁρπάζει αὐτά καί σκορπίζει)

This clause describes two events. The first event causes the second event. When the wolf attacks and seizes a sheep, the other sheep scatter. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: [the wolf seizes a sheep, and the rest of the sheep scatter]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. The
2. -
3. 35880
4. S
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. S
10. Y33
11. 71935
1. hired hand
2. -
3. 34110
5. misthōtos
6. N-····NMS
7. hired_hand
8. hired_hand
9. -
10. Y33; F71943; F71958; F71962; F71983
11. 71937
1. even
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. D-·······
7. even
8. even
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71939
1. not
2. aren't
3. 37560
5. ou
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71940
1. being
2. -
3. 15100
5. eimi
6. V-PPA·NMS
7. being
8. being
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71941
1. +the shepherd
2. shepherd
3. 41660
5. poimēn
6. N-····NMS
7. ˓the˒ shepherd
8. ˓the˒ shepherd
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71942
1. of whose
2. -
3. 37390
5. hos
6. R-····GMS
7. ˱of˲ whose
8. ˱of˲ whose
9. -
10. Y33; R71937
11. 71943
1. sheep
2. -
3. 42630
5. probaton
6. N-····NNP
7. sheep
8. sheep
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71949
1. is
2. -
3. 15100
5. eimi
6. V-IPA3··S
7. is
8. is
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71946
1. not
2. -
3. 37560
5. ou
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71944
1. his
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NNP
7. his
8. his
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71948
1. own
2. -
3. 23980
5. idios
6. E-····NNP
7. own
8. own
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71951
1. is observing
2. -
3. 23340
5. theōreō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ observing
8. ˓is˒ observing
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71952
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71953
1. wolf
2. -
3. 30740
5. lukos
6. N-····AMS
7. wolf
8. wolf
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71954
1. coming
2. coming
3. 20640
5. erχomai
6. V-PPM·AMS
7. coming
8. coming
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71956
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71957
1. is leaving
2. -
3. 8630
5. afiēmi
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ leaving
8. ˓is˒ leaving
9. -
10. Y33; R71937
11. 71958
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····ANP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71959
1. sheep
2. -
3. 42630
5. probaton
6. N-····ANP
7. sheep
8. sheep
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71960
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71961
1. is fleeing
2. -
3. 53430
5. feugō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ fleeing
8. ˓is˒ fleeing
9. -
10. Y33; R71937
11. 71962
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71963
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71964
1. wolf
2. -
3. 30740
5. lukos
6. N-····NMS
7. wolf
8. wolf
9. -
10. Y33; F71969
11. 71965
1. is snatching
2. snatches
3. 7260
5. harpazō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ snatching
8. ˓is˒ snatching
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71966
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71968
1. is scattering
2. scatters
3. 46500
5. skorpizō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ scattering
8. ˓is˒ scattering
9. -
10. Y33; R71965
11. 71969
1. them
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3ANP
7. them
8. them
9. -
10. Y33
11. 71967

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YHN (JHN) 10:12