OET interlinear HEB 12:8

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

δὲ

but

Here, the word But introduces a further development in the author’s argument. It does not introduce a contrast with what the author just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next part of an argument, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical

εἰ & χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας & ἄρα & ἐστε

if & without ˱you_all˲_are discipline & consequently & ˱you_all˲_are

Here the author uses the conditional form to show that being without discipline means that they are illegitimate and not his sons. If the conditional form does not indicate a cause and effect relationship like this in your language, you could express the if statement in a way that does show the relationship. Alternate translation: “were you without discipline … then you would be” or “if ever you were without discipline … then you would be”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας, ἧς μέτοχοι γεγόνασι πάντες

without ˱you_all˲_are discipline ˱of˲_which partakers /have/_become all

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of discipline, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “discipline” or “train.” Alternate translation: “if you are not disciplined, which all men have participated in”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

πάντες & υἱοί

all & sons

Although the words men and sons are masculine, the author is using them to refer to all people, both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use words that apply to both men and women or you could refer to both genders. Alternate translation: “all people … his sons and daughters”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

νόθοι καὶ οὐχ υἱοί

bastard and not sons

Here, the words illegitimate and not his sons function together to identify children who do not have the status of sons. In the author’s culture, an illegitimate child had one parent who was not fully recognized as a spouse. For example, the woman might not be married to the man, or one of the parents might not be a citizen of the city or country, or one parent might be a slave or concubine. In each of these cases, the child would not receive the full status of “son” and would thus be illegitimate. If you do not have two words for these categories, you could use a single word or phrase to identify a child who does not have full status or honor. Alternate translation: “illegitimate sons” or “not true sons”