YHN 19:16 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. τότε
2. tote
3. then
4. -
5. 51190
6. D·······
7. then
8. then
9. -
10. Y33
11. 79609
1. Οὖν
2. oun
3. Therefore
4. -
5. 37670
6. C·······
7. therefore
8. therefore
9. S
10. Y33
11. 79610
1. παρέδωκεν
2. paradidōmi
3. he gave over
4. gave
5. 38600
6. VIAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ gave_over
8. ˱he˲ gave_over
9. -
10. Y33; R79595
11. 79611
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. him
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y33
11. 79612
1. αὐτοῖς
2. autos
3. to them
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3DMP
7. ˱to˲ them
8. ˱to˲ them
9. -
10. Y33; R79577
11. 79613
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. -
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. -
11. 79614
1. ἵνα
2. hina
3. in order that
4. -
5. 24430
6. C·······
7. in_order_that
8. in_order_that
9. -
10. Y33
11. 79615
1. σταυρωθῇ
2. stauroō
3. he may be executed on a stake
4. executed stake
5. 47170
6. VSAP3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓may_be˒ executed_on_a_stake
8. ˱he˲ ˓may_be˒ crucified
9. -
10. Y33; R79545; Person=Jesus
11. 79616
1. Οἱ
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. R···3NMP
7. they
8. they
9. P
10. -
11. 79617
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. -
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. -
11. 79618
1. Παρέλαβον
2. paralambanō
3. They took
4. took
5. 38800
6. VIAA3··P
7. ˱they˲ took
8. ˱they˲ took
9. P
10. Y33; R79577
11. 79619
1. οὖν
2. oun
3. -
4. -
5. 37670
6. C·······
7. therefore
8. therefore
9. -
10. -
11. 79620
1. Δέ
2. de
3. And
4. So
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y33
11. 79621
1. λαβόντες
2. lambanō
3. -
4. -
5. 29830
6. VPAA·NMP
7. ˓having˒ taken
8. ˓having˒ taken
9. -
10. -
11. 79622
1. παραλαβόντες
2. paralambanō
3. -
4. -
5. 38800
6. VPAA·NMP
7. ˓having˒ taken
8. ˓having˒ taken
9. -
10. -
11. 79623
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 79624
1. Ἰησοῦν
2. iēsous
3. Yaʸsous
4. -
5. 24240
6. N····AMS
7. Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
8. Jesus
9. UN
10. Person=Jesus; Y33; F79632; F79639; F79656
11. 79625
1. καί
2. kai
3. -
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. -
11. 79626
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. him
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y33
11. 79627
1. ἤγαγον
2. agō
3. -
4. -
5. 710
6. VIAA3··P
7. brought
8. brought
9. -
10. -
11. 79628
1. ἀπήγαγον
2. apagō
3. led away
4. -
5. 5200
6. VIAA3··P
7. led_away
8. led_away
9. -
10. Y33
11. 79629
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. -
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. -
11. 79630

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 18:28–19:16a: Pilate investigated Jesus and decided that he should die

This section tells how the soldiers took Jesus to the Roman governor, Pilate. Pilate questioned Jesus to find out why the Jews wanted him to punish Jesus with death. He could find no reason to do that. But the Jewish leaders there insisted that Pilate crucify him. Finally, Pilate agreed that Jesus could be crucified.

Here are other possible section headings:

Pilate questioned the Jews and Jesus and sent Jesus to be crucified

Pilate investigated Jesus and decided that he could be punished with death

Jesus’ trial and judgment before Pilate

This section can be divided into seven smaller pieces, where each piece is a separate event. Jews often arranged written materials to include seven related pieces, where the first and last pieces relate, and the second and sixth relate, and the third and fifth relate. Then the middle piece, the fourth, stands alone and is emphasized. That happens in this section as well. Here is a chart showing the seven pieces of this section and how they relate:

18:28–32: Outside the house; Jews ask for Jesus’ death

18:33–38a: Inside the house; Pilate asks Jesus if he is King of the Jews

18:38b–40: Outside the house; Pilate says, “I find no case against him.”

19:1–3: The soldiers beat Jesus with a whip and pretend that he is the king of the Jews

19:4–8: Outside the house; Pilate says, “I find no case against him.”

19:8–11: Inside the house; Pilate asks Jesus where he came from

19:12–16a: Outside the house; Pilate allows Jews to crucify Jesus

The middle piece, 19:1–3, is different from all the other pieces. Pilate is only mentioned and is not an important person in this event. That is different from all the other pieces. This middle piece therefore is emphasized. The only ones who seem to worship Jesus in the whole section do so in this middle piece. However, they only pretend to worship and are very cruel as they mock Jesus.

In your translation, you may want to find ways to emphasize 19:1–3. Also, try to translate this section in ways that make it possible to see the connections between the pieces.

Paragraph 19:12–16a

This paragraph tells of Pilate’s last attempt to get the Jewish religious leaders to agree to release Jesus. The Jewish leaders threatened him by implying that releasing Jesus would make the emperor angry. So finally Pilate condemned Jesus to death.

19:16a

Then Pilate handed Jesus over to be crucified,

Then, to satisfy them, Pilate gave Jesus to the soldiers to crucify him.
Then Pilate ordered the soldiers to kill Jesus by nailing him to a cross.

Then: The Greek more literally says “Therefore then.” Pilate listened to what the angry crowd said and agreed to do what they demanded. The Greek word usually translated “Therefore” probably indicates a significant development here: Pilate’s decision to crucify Jesus.

Pilate handed Jesus over to be crucified: Pilate told the soldiers to take Jesus and crucify him.

Pilate: The word the BSB translates as Pilate is the Greek pronoun “he.” In some languages it may be natural to use the Greek wording.

handed…over: The phrase that the BSB translates as handed…over indicates that Pilate did what the angry crowd wanted. Pilate gave the soldiers authority over Jesus so that they could crucify him.

The Greek contains the phrase “to them” to indicate to whom Jesus was handed over. Who “them” refers to is ambiguous. The last plural noun is “chief priests” in 19:15c. However, Jews did not have the authority to crucify anyone and it was the Roman soldiers who took and crucified him. The meaning here then seems to be, “Pilate gave Jesus to the soldiers to satisfy the demands of the Jews.”Carson, who continues, “(cf. NEB: ‘Then at last, to satisfy them, [Pilate] handed Jesus over to be crucified’). This reading is confirmed by Luke 23:24: ‘So Pilate decided to grant their demand’ (lit. he ‘handed Jesus over to their will…’).” Because the pronoun is ambiguous in Greek and all English translations, it is recommended that you leave it ambiguous. Here is another way to translate this entire clause:

Then at last, to satisfy them, he handed Jesus over to be crucified. (REB)

to be crucified: This verb phrase is passive. There are several ways to translate it:

Use a passive verb. For example:
to be nailed to a cross (CEV)
Use an active verb. For example:
to kill Jesus by nailing him to a cross
Use a noun. For example:
for crucifixion (JBP)
for punishment on a cross

For more information on the meaning of the term crucified see the note in 19:6c.

Section 19:16b–27: Soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross

This section describes how the soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross to die. Pilate ordered that they put a sign on the cross saying that Jesus was the King of the Jews. The chief priests complained to Pilate, but he did not change it. While Jesus was dying, the soldiers divided his clothes among themselves. Also, Jesus gave his mother into the care of the disciple whom he loved.

Here are other possible titles for this section:

Jesus’ enemies crucified him

Jesus on the cross

The crucifixion of Jesus

Paragraph 19:16b–22

The soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross to die. Pilate wrote a sign announcing that he was the King of the Jews. The high priests complained about this sign, but Pilate did not change it.

19:16b

and the soldiers took Him away.

¶ Therefore the soldiers led Jesus out.
¶ So then the soldiers led Jesus away to go where they will crucify him.

and the soldiers took Him away: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as took…away indicates that the soldiers took charge of Jesus and led him away. For example:

So the soldiers took charge of Jesus. (NIV)

Then/therefore the soldiers led Jesus away

and: The Greek conjunction that the BSB translates as and here introduces the result of what Pilate did in the previous sentence, 19:16a. Pilate handed Jesus over to be nailed on a cross, and the soldiers now took him to do that.

the soldiers: This pronoun refers to the Roman soldiers. It may be natural to make this explicit:

the soldiers took Jesus (GW)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-pronouns

τότε & παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς, ἵνα σταυρωθῇ

then & ˱he˲_gave_over (Some words not found in SR-GNT: τότε Οὖν παρέδωκεν αὐτόν αὐτοῖς ἵνα σταυρωθῇ Παρέλαβον Δέ τόν Ἰησοῦν αὐτόν ἀπήγαγον)

In this verse, the pronouns them and they refer to the Roman soldiers who would crucify Jesus. These pronouns do not refer to “the chief priests” in the previous verse because they did not crucify people. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning explicitly, as in the UST.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἵνα σταυρωθῇ

in_order_that ˱he˲_˓may_be˒_crucified

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [so that the soldiers might crucify him]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἀπήγαγον

led_away

The phrase led him away implies that the soldiers led Jesus away in order crucify him. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [and led him away to be crucified]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YHN (JHN) 19:16