Revelation 16:10 — Greek interlinear

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strong's
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Καί
2. καί
3. And
4. -
5. G2532 ↗
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. PS
10. Y96
11. 163208
1. ὁ
2. ὁ
3. the
4. The
5. G3588 ↗
6. E-····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163209
1. πέμπτος
2. πέμπτος
3. fifth
4. fifth
5. G3991 ↗
6. S-····NMS
7. fifth
8. fifth
9. -
10. Y96; F163216
11. 163210
1. πέμπτος
2. πέμπτος
3. -
4. -
5. G3991 ↗
6. E-····NMS
7. fifth
8. fifth
9. -
10. -
11. 163211
1. ἄγγελος
2. ἄγγελος
3. -
4. -
5. G32 ↗
6. N-····NMS
7. messenger
8. angel
9. -
10. -
11. 163212
1. ἐξέχεεν
2. ἐκχέω
3. poured out
4. poured out
5. G1632 ↗
6. V-IAA3··S
7. poured_out
8. poured_out
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163213
1. τήν
2. ὁ
3. the
4. -
5. G3588 ↗
6. E-····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163214
1. φιάλην
2. φιάλη
3. bowl
4. bowl
5. G5357 ↗
6. N-····AFS
7. bowl
8. bowl
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163215
1. αὐτοῦ
2. αὐτός
3. of him
4. his
5. G846 ↗
6. R-···3GMS
7. ˱of˲ him
8. ˱of˲ him
9. -
10. Y96; R163210
11. 163216
1. ἐπί
2. ἐπί
3. on
4. on
5. G1909 ↗
6. P-·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163217
1. τόν
2. ὁ
3. the
4. the
5. G3588 ↗
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163218
1. θρόνον
2. θρόνος
3. throne
4. throne
5. G2362 ↗
6. N-····AMS
7. throne
8. throne
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163219
1. τοῦ
2. ὁ
3. of the
4. of the
5. G3588 ↗
6. E-····GNS
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163220
1. θηρίου
2. θηρίον
3. wild animal
4. creature
5. G2342 ↗
6. N-····GNS
7. wild_animal
8. wild_beast
9. -
10. Y96; F163226
11. 163221
1. καί
2. καί
3. and
4. and
5. G2532 ↗
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163222
1. ἐγένετο
2. γίνομαι
3. became
4. -
5. G1096 ↗
6. V-IAM3··S
7. became
8. became
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163223
1. ἡ
2. ὁ
3. the
4. -
5. G3588 ↗
6. E-····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163224
1. βασιλεία
2. βασιλεία
3. kingdom
4. kingdom
5. G932 ↗
6. N-····NFS
7. kingdom
8. kingdom
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163225
1. αὐτοῦ
2. αὐτός
3. of it
4. its
5. G846 ↗
6. R-···3GNS
7. ˱of˲ it
8. ˱of˲ it
9. -
10. Y96; R163221
11. 163226
1. ἐσκοτωμένη
2. σκοτόω
3. having been darkened
4. dark
5. G4656 ↗
6. V-PEP·NFS
7. ˓having_been˒ darkened
8. ˓having_been˒ darkened
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163227
1. ἐσκοτωμένην
2. σκοτόω
3. -
4. -
5. G4656 ↗
6. V-PEP·AFS
7. ˓having_been˒ darkened
8. ˓having_been˒ darkened
9. -
10. -
11. 163228
1. καί
2. καί
3. and
4. -
5. G2532 ↗
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163229
1. ἐμασῶντο
2. μασάομαι
3. they were biting
4. were biting
5. G3145 ↗
6. V-IIM3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ biting
8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ biting
9. -
10. Y96; R163179
11. 163230
1. τάς
2. ὁ
3. the
4. -
5. G3588 ↗
6. E-····AFP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163231
1. γλώσσας
2. γλῶσσα
3. tongues
4. tongues
5. G1100 ↗
6. N-····AFP
7. tongues
8. tongues
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163232
1. αὐτῶν
2. αὐτός
3. of them
4. their
5. G846 ↗
6. R-···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. Y96; R163179
11. 163233
1. ἀπό
2. ἀπό
3. -
4. -
5. G575 ↗
6. P-·······
7. from
8. from
9. -
10. -
11. 163234
1. ἐκ
2. ἐκ
3. out of
4. -
5. G1537 ↗
6. P-·······
7. out_of
8. out_of
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163235
1. τοῦ
2. ὁ
3. the
4. the
5. G3588 ↗
6. E-····GMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163236
1. πόνου
2. πόνος
3. misery
4. -
5. G4192 ↗
6. N-····GMS
7. misery
8. misery
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163237

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 16:1–21: The angels poured the seven bowls

In this section, each of the seven angels in turn poured God’s wrath from his bowl. Each angel caused a different plague to happen on the earth. The people of the earth suffered greatly from the plagues, but they refused to repent.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

The seven angels poured God’s wrath from seven bowls

The seven bowls of God’s anger

16:10a

And the fifth angel poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast,

¶ The fifth angel poured his bowl on the first beast’s throne,
¶ The fifth angel poured the plague from his bowl on the place/seat where the monster ruled.

fifth: This word refers to the next item after four other things. If counted, this item would be counted as number five. See how you translated this word in 6:9 or 9:1.

throne: A throne is the official chair of a king. It is a symbol for authority to rule. The beast ruled over the people as king. See how you translated this word in 1:4.

beast: The Greek word that the BSB translates as beast refers to any animal, often a wild animal. The BSB uses the word beast to imply that this being is fierce, dangerous, or evil. The word here refers to a demon or other spirit being that is fierce like a beast. This word probably refers to the first beast. See how you translated this word in 13:1.

16:10b

and its kingdom was plunged into darkness,

and his kingdom became dark.
So/Then darkness covered the whole place/land that he ruled over.

and its kingdom was plunged into darkness: This clause indicates that the plague caused the kingdom of the beast to become totally dark. This clause is passive. Some languages must use an active or intransitive clause. For example:

and his kingdom became darkened

so that darkness covered his kingdom (NET)

and the plague plunged his kingdom into darkness

its kingdom: This phrase refers to both the land and the people under his rule.

16:10c

and men began to gnaw their tongues in anguish

The people were chewing their tongues because of their suffering
The people of that kingdom suffered greatly and so began biting their tongues.

and men began to gnaw their tongues in anguish: This idiom indicates that the people suffered greatly. The Greek grammar probably indicates that they suffered for some time, not just briefly. Other ways to translate this clause are:

its people began biting their tongues in pain (CEV)

the people were chewing their tongues because of the suffering

Some languages do not use the idiom gnaw their tongues to express suffering. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate literally, since the reason that they gnaw their tongues was because of their anguish.
Use the phrase in your language that expresses deep suffering. You may then want to explain the literal phrase. For example:
Literally: “gnawed their tongues.” This phrase expresses great suffering.

men: This word is general and refers to people (as in the GNT and NJB). Here it refers to the people who followed the beast.

anguish: This word refers to great pain or distress. Other ways to translate this word are:

agony (NIV)

great suffering

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ ἐσκοτωμένη

became the kingdom ˱of˲_it ˓having_been˒_darkened

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, the context suggests that it was God. Alternate translation: [God darkened its kingdom]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ ἐσκοτωμένη

became the kingdom ˱of˲_it ˓having_been˒_darkened

John does not say specifically how God darkened the entire area where the beast ruled and so you may not wish to offer any explicit explanation in your translation. However, if your language would not describe something like this without saying how it happened, you could suggest an explanation. Alternate translation: [God made thick clouds cover the sun in order to darken its kingdom] or [God caused an eclipse of the sun in order to darken its kingdom]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ

the kingdom ˱of˲_it

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of a kingdom, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [the area that the beast ruled as king]

Note 4 topic: writing-pronouns

ἐμασῶντο τὰς γλώσσας αὐτῶν

˱they˲_˓were˒_biting (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ὁ πέμπτος ἐξέχεεν τήν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπί τόν θρόνον τοῦ θηρίου καί ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ ἐσκοτωμένη καί ἐμασῶντο τάς γλώσσας αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ πόνου)

The pronoun they refers to the people whom God afflicted with painful sores, as John describes in 16:2 and as he makes clear in the next verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: [the people whom God had punished with sores were chewing their tongues]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strong's
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. And
2. -
3. G2532 ↗
4. Καί
5. καί
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. PS
10. Y96
11. 163208
1. the
2. The
3. G3588 ↗
4. ὁ
5. ὁ
6. E-····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163209
1. fifth
2. fifth
3. G3991 ↗
4. πέμπτος
5. πέμπτος
6. S-····NMS
7. fifth
8. fifth
9. -
10. Y96; F163216
11. 163210
1. poured out
2. poured out
3. G1632 ↗
4. ἐξέχεεν
5. ἐκχέω
6. V-IAA3··S
7. poured_out
8. poured_out
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163213
1. the
2. -
3. G3588 ↗
4. τήν
5. ὁ
6. E-····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163214
1. bowl
2. bowl
3. G5357 ↗
4. φιάλην
5. φιάλη
6. N-····AFS
7. bowl
8. bowl
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163215
1. of him
2. his
3. G846 ↗
4. αὐτοῦ
5. αὐτός
6. R-···3GMS
7. ˱of˲ him
8. ˱of˲ him
9. -
10. Y96; R163210
11. 163216
1. on
2. on
3. G1909 ↗
4. ἐπί
5. ἐπί
6. P-·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163217
1. the
2. the
3. G3588 ↗
4. τόν
5. ὁ
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163218
1. throne
2. throne
3. G2362 ↗
4. θρόνον
5. θρόνος
6. N-····AMS
7. throne
8. throne
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163219
1. of the
2. of the
3. G3588 ↗
4. τοῦ
5. ὁ
6. E-····GNS
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163220
1. wild animal
2. creature
3. G2342 ↗
4. θηρίου
5. θηρίον
6. N-····GNS
7. wild_animal
8. wild_beast
9. -
10. Y96; F163226
11. 163221
1. and
2. and
3. G2532 ↗
4. καί
5. καί
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163222
1. became
2. -
3. G1096 ↗
4. ἐγένετο
5. γίνομαι
6. V-IAM3··S
7. became
8. became
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163223
1. the
2. -
3. G3588 ↗
4. ἡ
5. ὁ
6. E-····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163224
1. kingdom
2. kingdom
3. G932 ↗
4. βασιλεία
5. βασιλεία
6. N-····NFS
7. kingdom
8. kingdom
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163225
1. of it
2. its
3. G846 ↗
4. αὐτοῦ
5. αὐτός
6. R-···3GNS
7. ˱of˲ it
8. ˱of˲ it
9. -
10. Y96; R163221
11. 163226
1. having been darkened
2. dark
3. G4656 ↗
4. ἐσκοτωμένη
5. σκοτόω
6. V-PEP·NFS
7. ˓having_been˒ darkened
8. ˓having_been˒ darkened
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163227
1. and
2. -
3. G2532 ↗
4. καί
5. καί
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163229
1. they were biting
2. were biting
3. G3145 ↗
4. ἐμασῶντο
5. μασάομαι
6. V-IIM3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ biting
8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ biting
9. -
10. Y96; R163179
11. 163230
1. the
2. -
3. G3588 ↗
4. τάς
5. ὁ
6. E-····AFP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163231
1. tongues
2. tongues
3. G1100 ↗
4. γλώσσας
5. γλῶσσα
6. N-····AFP
7. tongues
8. tongues
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163232
1. of them
2. their
3. G846 ↗
4. αὐτῶν
5. αὐτός
6. R-···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. Y96; R163179
11. 163233
1. out of
2. -
3. G1537 ↗
4. ἐκ
5. ἐκ
6. P-·······
7. out_of
8. out_of
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163235
1. the
2. the
3. G3588 ↗
4. τοῦ
5. ὁ
6. E-····GMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163236
1. misery
2. -
3. G4192 ↗
4. πόνου
5. πόνος
6. N-····GMS
7. misery
8. misery
9. -
10. Y96
11. 163237

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear REV 16:10

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 16:1–21: The angels poured the seven bowls

16:10a

16:10b

16:10c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)