REV 14:8 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT And another, a second, followed, saying, “Fallen, fallen has Babylon the Great, who caused all the nations to drink from the wine of the passion of her immorality!”

UST And then another angel came after that one. This angel said, “The very evil city of Babylon has now become a complete ruin! Babylon forced the people of every nation to be unfaithful to God by worshiping idols.

BSB Then a second angel followed, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great,[fn] who {has made} all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her immorality.”

MSB Then a second[fn] angel followed, saying, “Fallen[fn] [is] Babylon the great,[fn] {who has made} all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her immorality.”

14:8 TR Then another

14:8 GOC, ALT, CT, F35, and TR Fallen, fallen

14:8 TR the great city; see Isaiah 21:9 and Revelation 18:2.

BLB And another, a second angel, followed, saying, "Fallen, Fallen is Babylon the great, who has given all the Gentiles to drink of the wine of the passion of her immorality."

AICNT And another angel, [a second one][fn] followed, saying, “Fallen, [fallen][fn] is [Babylon][fn] the great, {who has made}[fn] all the nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her immorality.”

14:8, a second one: Absent from some manuscripts. TR

14:8, fallen: Absent from some manuscripts. C(04) BYZ

14:8, Babylon: Absent from ℵ(01).

14:8, who has made: Later manuscripts read “she who made.” BYZ

OEB Then a second angel followed, crying – “She has fallen! She has fallen – Babylon the Great, who has made all the nations drink the maddening wine of her licentiousness!”

WEBBE Another, a second angel, followed, saying, “Babylon the great has fallen, which has made all the nations to drink of the wine of the wrath of her sexual immorality.”

WMBB (Same as above)

NET A second angel followed the first, declaring: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great city! She made all the nations drink of the wine of her immoral passion.”

LSV And another messenger followed, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, because of the wine of the wrath of her whoredom she has given to all nations to drink.”

FBV A second angel followed, calling out, “Babylon the great has collapsed into ruins![fn] She made all the nations drink the wine of her sexual immorality that brings God's furious opposition.”[fn]

14:8 See Isaiah 21:9.

14:8 This alludes to Jeremiah 51:7. In view of verse 10 that follows and the Jeremiah allusion is seems appropriate to conclude that it is this “wine of God's furious opposition” that is in view here. Of course human language is being used to describe God so while his intense opposition to sin is clear, words like “fury” and “anger” should not be understood in terms of fallen human nature.

TCNT [fn]A second angel followed, saying, “[fn]Fallen is Babylon the [fn]great! [fn]She has made all the nations drink of the wine of the wrath of [fn]her fornication.”

14:8 A second angel 𝔐^K 49.8% • 𝔐^A,C ECM^† NA PCK 38.2% ¦ Another angel TR 4.8% ¦ A second ECM^† 2.8%

14:8 Fallen 𝔐^K [55.8%] ¦ Fallen, fallen 𝔐^A,C ANT CT PCK TR [41.9%]

14:8 great 𝔐^A,C,K [87.6%] ¦ great city TR [1.4%]

14:8 She 𝔐^A+,C,K 67.3% ¦ because she 𝔐^A− TR 15.1% ¦ she who ANT NA SBL TH WH 12.7% {Note: The readings of ANT, NA, SBL, TH, TR, and WH would change the preceding exclamation point to a comma.}

14:8 her 𝔐^A,C,K+ [67.6%] • MSS [5.6%] ¦ this 𝔐^K− [21.3%] {Note: The quotation in MSS would read Fallen is Babylon the great because of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, which she had made all the nations drink.}

T4T A second angel came after him saying, “The very evil cities (OR, city) represented by Babylon are completely destroyed! God has punished their people because they have persuaded people of all the nations to forsake God, just like a prostitute [MET] persuades men to drink strong wine and as a result commit sexual immorality.”

LEB And another second angel followed, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, who caused all the nations to drink from the wine of the passion of her sexual immorality.”

BBE And a second angel came after, saying, Destruction has come to Babylon the great, which gave to all the nations the wine of the wrath of her evil ways.

Moff And another, a second angel followed, crying, "Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, who made all nations drink the wine of the passion of her vice!"

Wymth And another, a second angel, followed, exclaiming, "Great Babylon has fallen, has fallen—she who made all the nations drink the wine of the anger provoked by her fornication."

ASV And another, a second angel, followed, saying, Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, that hath made all the nations to drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.

DRA And another angel followed, saying: That great Babylon is fallen, is fallen; which made all nations to drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.

YLT And another messenger did follow, saying, 'Fall, fall, did Babylon, the great city, because of the wine of the wrath of her whoredom she hath given to all nations to drink.'

Drby And another, a second, angel followed, saying, Great Babylon has fallen, has fallen, which of the wine of the fury of her fornication has made all nations drink.

RV And another, a second angel, followed, saying, Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, which hath made all the nations to drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
(And another, a second angel, followed, saying, Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, which hath/has made all the nations to drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication. )

SLT And another angel followed, saying, She fell, Babylon fell, the great city, for all nations has she given to drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.

Wbstr And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her lewdness.

KJB-1769 And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.

KJB-1611 And there followed another Angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great citie, because she made all nations drinke of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation)

Bshps And there folowed another angell, saying: Babylon is fallen is fallen that great citie, for she made all nations drinke of the wyne of the wrath of her fornication.
(And there followed another angel, saying: Babylon is fallen is fallen that great city, for she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.)

Gnva And there followed another Angel, saying, Babylon that great citie is fallen, it is fallen: for she made all nations to drinke of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
(And there followed another Angel, saying, Babylon that great city is fallen, it is fallen: for she made all nations to drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication. )

Cvdl And there folowed another angell, sayenge: She is fallen, she is fallen: eue Babilon that greate cite, for she made all nacions drynke off the wyne off hyr whordome.
(And there followed another angel, saying: She is fallen, she is fallen: eve/even Babylon that great city, for she made all nations drink off the wine off her whoredom/prostitution.)

TNT And there folowed another angell sayinge: Babilon is fallen is fallen that gret cite for she made all nacions drynke of the wyne of hyr fornicacion.
(And there followed another angel saying: Babylon is fallen is fallen that great cite for she made all nations drink of the wine of her fornication. )

Wycl And anothir aungel suede, seiynge, Thilke greet Babiloyne fel doun, fel doun, which yaf drinke to alle folkis of the wyn of wraththe of her fornycacioun.
(And another angel followed, saying, That great Babylon fell down, fell down, which gave drink to all folks/people of the wine of wrath of her fornication.)

Luth Und ein anderer Engel folgete nach, der sprach: Sie ist gefallen, sie ist gefallen, Babylon, die große Stadt; denn sie hat mit dem Wein ihrer Hurerei getränket alle Heiden.
(And a others angel followed after, the/of_the spoke: They/She is fallen, they/she/them is fallen, Babylon, the large city; because/than they/she/them has with to_him wine of_their/her fornication soaked all heathens.)

ClVg Et alius angelus secutus est dicens: Cecidit, cecidit Babylon illa magna: quæ a vino iræ fornicationis suæ potavit omnes gentes.[fn]
(And another messenger/angel followed it_is saying: Cecidit, fell Babylon that big: which from wine anger fornicationis his/her_own potavit everyone people/nations. )

14.8 Et alius angelus secutus est eum. Hoc dicit, quia prædicatores sibi invicem succedunt. Cecidit. Bis positum vocabulum cecidit, infinitatem significat, in quo omnimoda destructio intelligitur. Vino iræ fornicationis. Id est vitiis, et præcipue idololatria, quæ est dulcis potus peccantibus, quibus ipsi alios inquinant, et, ne recto tramite gradiantur, inebriant; unde debetur eis ira Dei. Purum vinum bibitur, dum flagellat Deus hic ad emendationem: turbidum, dum infertur æterna damnatio.

14.8 And another messenger/angel followed it_is him. This he_says, because preachers to_himself each_other succedunt. Cecidit. Bis placed word fell, infinitatem means, in/into/on where omnimoda destructio understood. Vino anger fornicationis. That it_is vices/defects, and especially idolatry, which it_is dulcis drink(n) peccantibus, to_whom themselves others inquinant, and, not straight tramite gradiantur, inebriant; from_where/who mustur to_them anger/rage of_God. Purum wine he_drankur, while flagellat God this/here to emendationem: turbidum, while infertur eternal damnatio.

UGNT καὶ ἄλλος δεύτερος ἠκολούθησεν λέγων, ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, ἣ ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς, πεπότικεν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.
(kai allos deuteros aʸkolouthaʸsen legōn, epesen, epesen, Babulōn haʸ megalaʸ, haʸ ek tou oinou tou thumou taʸs porneias autaʸs, pepotiken panta ta ethnaʸ.)

SBL-GNT Καὶ ἄλλος ⸂δεύτερος ἄγγελος⸃ ἠκολούθησεν λέγων· Ἔπεσεν, ⸀ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, ⸀ἣ ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πεπότικεν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.
(Kai allos ⸂deuteros angelos⸃ aʸkolouthaʸsen legōn; Epesen, ⸀epesen Babulōn haʸ megalaʸ, ⸀haʸ ek tou oinou tou thumou taʸs porneias autaʸs pepotiken panta ta ethnaʸ.)

RP-GNT Καὶ ἄλλος δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἠκολούθησεν, λέγων, Ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πεπότικεν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.
(Kai allos deuteros angelos aʸkolouthaʸsen, legōn, Epesen Babulōn haʸ megalaʸ, ek tou oinou tou thumou taʸs porneias autaʸs pepotiken panta ta ethnaʸ.)

TC-GNT Καὶ ἄλλος [fn]δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἠκολούθησε λέγων, [fn]Ἔπεσε Βαβυλὼν [fn]ἡ μεγάλη· [fn]ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας [fn]αὐτῆς πεπότικε πάντα [fn]τὰ ἔθνη.
(Kai allos deuteros angelos aʸkolouthaʸse legōn, Epese Babulōn haʸ megalaʸ; ek tou oinou tou thumou taʸs porneias autaʸs pepotike panta ta ethnaʸ. )

14:8 δευτερος αγγελος 𝔐^K 49.8% ¦ αγγελος δευτερος 𝔐^A,C ECM^† NA PCK 38.2% ¦ αγγελος TR 4.8% ¦ δευτερος ECM^† 2.8%

14:8 επεσε 𝔐^K [55.8%] ¦ επεσεν επεσε 𝔐^A,C ANT CT PCK TR [41.5%]

14:8 η μεγαλη 𝔐^A,C,K [87.6%] ¦ η πολις η μεγαλη TR [1.4%]

14:8 εκ 𝔐^A+,C,K 67.3% ¦ οτι εκ 𝔐^A− TR 15.1% ¦ η εκ ANT NA SBL TH WH 12.7%

14:8 αυτης 𝔐^A,C,K+ [67.6%] ¦ ταυτης 𝔐^K− [21.3%] ¦ αυτης ης MSS [5.6%]

14:8 τα 𝔐^A,C,K [91.7%] ¦ — ANT TR [1.4%]

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 14:6–13: John heard four messages

In this section, John heard three messages from three angels and one message from someone in heaven. The first angel told everyone to honor God. The second angel announced that God would destroy Babylon. The third angel announced that God would punish those who followed the beast. The fourth speaker encouraged believers who would die before Jesus returned.

Other examples for this section heading are:

Four announcements were spoken

Angels spoke four messages

14:8a

Then a second angel followed, saying,

¶ Then/Next a second angel came and said,
¶ After the first angel, another angel appeared and said,

Then a second angel followed: Here the word Then…followed refers to appearing next. In this case, it indicates that the second angel came after the first angel. The word probably implies that the first angel had left. Then the second angel came to the same place where the first angel made his announcement. Other ways to translate this clause are:

A second angel came afterward

Then a second angel came there

second: The word second refers to the next item after the first one. If counted, this item would be counted as number two. Other ways to translate this word are:

the one after the first

another

See how you translated this word in 4:7 or 11:14.

14:8b

“Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great,

“The great Babylon has fallen, indeed, she/it has fallen,
“The great city of Babylon is in ruins, complete ruins!

Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great: The Greek words are literally “The great Babylon fell fell.” The verb “fell” is repeated to emphasize its meaning. The BSB puts the verb first in an English poetic style. Some other ways to emphasize the meaning are:

She has fallen! Great Babylon has fallen! (GNT)The pronoun “She” refers to Babylon here.

Babylon the Great has fallen; she/it has fallen indeed!

Fallen: Here the word Fallen refers to God destroying the city (18:20).For the Greek word translated “fallen”: L&N: “(d) to suffer or experience destruction”; BDAG: “(2) to experience loss of status or condition, fall, be destroyed…Rv 14:8.” Your translation should imply that the city fell because it was destroyed.

In some languages the word Fallen here does not imply being destroyed. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain the meaning in your translation. For example:
has been destroyed and so has fallen
Translate the meaning without the figure of speech. For example:
has been destroyed
is finished/gone
Translate literally and explain its meaning in a footnote. For example:
The word “fallen” refers to God destroying the city (18:20).

Babylon the great: The city Babylon is called great because it refers to a city of this time that had a vast empire and great influence. For example:

Great Babylon (GNT)

the famous Babylon

Babylon: This name is probably a symbol of those who oppose God. The king of Babylon conquered Jerusalem about 600 years before Jesus was on earth. The city was well-known for idol worship. It had a vast empire at that time. But at the time of Jesus and John, Babylon had only a few people living there.BDAG (page 162). So it is a symbol here. It may refer to Rome as in John’s time, or it may refer to a future powerful city. You should use the name Babylon here.

14:8c

who has made all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her immorality.”

who/which forced all nations to drink the wine of her passionate adulteries.”
She/It caused all nations to share/participate in her/its passionate unfaithfulness to God.”

14:8c contains metaphors of drinking wine and adultery. They refer to people of the nations participating with Babylon in evil deeds. In the Old Testament God often refers figuratively to such evil deeds as adultery, because the people doing them are seeking things other than God.

who has made all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her immorality: The Greek word that the BSB translates as passion can mean “sexual desire,” “anger,” or even “insanity.” There are several ways to interpret it here. The main interpretations are:

It means strong sexual desire. For example:
She made all peoples drink her wine—the strong wine of her immoral lust (GNT) (BSB, RSV, GNT, NASB, NABRE, NLT, GW, NET, ESV)
It means anger. It refers to God’s anger with Babylon. For example:
She has made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication (NRSV) (NRSV, CEV, REB, NCV, KJV)
It means cause to be insane or make angry. This is the meaning of “maddening” in the NIV. (NIV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1).Beale (page 756) says the word refers to passion and not anger here (similarly Aune (page 831) and Lenski (page 433)). The word should then be understood as describing the adulteries: they were passionate or lustful. People desired to participate in the adulteries. For example:

She who made all nations drink the wine of her passionate unfaithfulness (JBP)

drink the wine: Here this phrase refers figuratively to doing something. The nations participated with Babylon in her adulteries.

In some languages the meaning of the metaphor is not clear. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain the meaning of the metaphor in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Here the phrase “drink the wine” is a metaphor for doing something. The nations participated with Babylon in her adulteries.
Translate the meaning without the metaphor. For example:
participate in the bad deeds You may then want to give the literal words in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Literally: “drink the wine.”

wine: Wine is made from the juice of grapes, a fruit that grows on a vine. The grape juice is allowed to ferment, so wine is an alcoholic beverage. If people drink a lot of it, they become drunk. Here the word wine refers figuratively to Babylon’s evil ways.

In some languages people are not familiar with wine. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain the meaning in your translation. For example:
alcoholic beverage of wine
Use the common alcoholic beverage in your area. You may then use a footnote to explain the literal word. For example:
Literally: “wine.” Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes.
Use the word from the major language. If the word is not well known, you may want to explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes. Here the word “wine” refers figuratively to the bad ways of Babylon that the nations followed.

See how you translated this word in 6:6.

immorality: The Greek word that the BSB translates as immorality refers to sexual relations with someone to whom a person is not married. Other ways to translate this word are:

adulteries (NIV)

fornication (NRSV)

The word here refers figuratively to doing things that are immoral. Here it may refer to worshiping someone other than God, committing sexually immoral deeds, enticing people to sin, or misusing authority.

In some languages a literal translation will wrongly refer only to adultery. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Explain the meaning of the metaphor in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Here the word “adultery” is a metaphor for doing things that are immoral. It may refer to worshiping someone other than God, doing sexually immoral deeds, enticing people to sin, or misusing authority.
Translate the meaning without the metaphor. For example:
immoral deeds You may then want to give the literal word in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Literally: “adultery.”

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη

fell (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἄλλος δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἠκολούθησεν λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη ἥ ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πεπότικεν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)

This second angel is speaking as if Babylon has literally fallen down. He means that the city has been destroyed. The repetition of the word fallen is emphatic and indicates complete destruction. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Babylon the Great has been completely destroyed] or [God has completely destroyed Babylon the Great]

Note 2 topic: translate-names

Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἄλλος δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἠκολούθησεν λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη ἥ ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πεπότικεν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)

The word Babylon is the name of an ancient city that founded an empire whose armies destroyed Jerusalem and the temple in 586 B.C.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη

Since the ancient city of Babylon was destroyed centuries earlier, the angel is not speaking literally of that city. The angel is using Babylon to symbolize some other city or empire. The specific identity of that city or empire is a matter of interpretation rather than translation. Alternate translation: [the great city that is like Babylon] or [the great empire that is like Babylon]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

ἣ & πεπότικεν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη

The angel is speaking of the city of Babylon as if it were a living thing that caused the nations to drink from a certain cup. The angel means that the rulers of the city did this, symbolically (See: next note). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [whose rulers caused all the nations to drink]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole

πάντα τὰ ἔθνη

The angel says all here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: [nations throughout the world]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς, πεπότικεν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη

of the wine ˱of˲_the rage ˱of˲_the sexual_immorality ˱of˲_her ˱she˲_˓has˒_given_to_drink (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἄλλος δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἠκολούθησεν λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη ἥ ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πεπότικεν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)

This second angel is speaking as if Babylon has literally caused the nations to drink a certain kind of wine. This means, in the first instance, that Babylon led the nations to commit sexual immorality with her. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [caused all the nations to give in to passions that led them to commit sexual immorality with her]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς

of the wine ˱of˲_the rage ˱of˲_the sexual_immorality ˱of˲_her

In the second instance, as in [14:3](../14/03.md), having immoral sexual relations is a symbolic image for worshiping idols. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [to worship idols as she did]

Parallel REV 14:8

Section 14:6–13: John heard four messages

14:8a

14:8b

14:8c