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Rev 20 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V13 V14 V15
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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) Then I saw the dead—both prominent people and the lowly—standing before the throne, and some books were opened and then another book was opened—the book of life. Then the dead were judged from the things written in the books according to what they’d done.
OET-LV And I_saw the dead, the great and the small, having_stood before the throne, and scrolls were_opened_up, and another scroll was_opened_up, which is of_the scroll of_life.
And were_judged the dead out_of the things having_been_written in the scrolls according_to the works of_them.
SR-GNT Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς νεκρούς, τοὺς μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς, ἑστῶτας ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου, καὶ βιβλία ἠνοίχθησαν· καὶ ἄλλο βιβλίον ἠνεῴχθη, ὅ ἐστιν τῆς ζωῆς. Καὶ ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν. ‡
(Kai eidon tous nekrous, tous megalous kai tous mikrous, hestōtas enōpion tou thronou, kai biblia aʸnoiⱪthaʸsan; kai allo biblion aʸneōⱪthaʸ, ho estin taʸs zōaʸs. Kai ekrithaʸsan hoi nekroi ek tōn gegrammenōn en tois bibliois kata ta erga autōn.)
Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
ULT And I saw the dead, both the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened, and another book was opened, which is the Book of Life. And the dead were judged from the things written in the books, according to their deeds.
UST Then I saw people of all kinds who had died but who were now alive again standing in front of God’s throne. God opened the books in which he records what people do. God also opened another book, the Book of Life. God writes in that book the names of people who have eternal life. God judged the people who had died and who were now alive again according to what they had done, which he had recorded in the books.
BSB And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne.
§ And there were open books, and one of them was the Book of Life. And the dead were judged according to their deeds, as recorded in the books.
BLB And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. And another book was opened, which is the one of life. And the dead were judged out of the things having been written in the books, according to their deeds.
AICNT And I saw the dead, [the great and the small,][fn] standing before {the throne},[fn] and books were opened; [and another book was opened,][fn] which is of life. And the dead were judged from the things which were written in the books, according to their deeds.
20:12, the great and the small: Absent from some manuscripts including the Koine tradition proper in Revelation. (Nestle, E., & Nestle, E. (2012))
20:12, the throne: Later manuscripts read “God.” TR
20:12, and another book was opened: Absent from ℵ(01).
OEB And I saw the dead, high and low, standing before the throne; and books were opened. Then another book was opened, the book of life; and the dead were judged, according to their actions, by what was written in the books.
WEBBE I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and they opened books. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. The dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works.
WMBB (Same as above)
NET And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne. Then books were opened, and another book was opened – the book of life. So the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to their deeds.
LSV and I saw the dead, small and great, standing before God, and scrolls were opened, and another scroll was opened, which is that of the life, and the dead were judged out of the things written in the scrolls—according to their works;
FBV I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and the books were opened. Another book, the Book of Life, was opened and the dead were judged based on what was written in the books about what they had done.
TCNT And I saw the [fn]dead, great and small, standing before [fn]the throne, and books were opened. Then another book was opened, which is the book of life. And the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to their works.
T4T I saw that the people who had died but now lived again were standing in front of the throne. They included people of every social status! The books in which God records what people do were opened {God/God’s angel opened the books in which God records what people do}. Another book was opened {He opened another book}, which is called the Book of Life, in which God has written the names of people who have eternal life. God judged the people who had died and now lived again according to what they had done, just like he had recorded it in the books.
LEB And I saw the dead—the great and the small—standing before the throne, and books were opened. And another book was opened, which is the book of life, and the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to their deeds.
BBE And I saw the dead, great and small, taking their places before the high seat; and the books were open, and another book was open, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged by the things which were in the books, even by their works.
Moff No Moff REV book available
Wymth And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing in front of the throne. And books were opened; and so was another book—namely, the Book of Life; and the dead were judged by the things recorded in the books in accordance with what their conduct had been.
ASV And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne; and books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works.
DRA And I saw the dead, great and small, standing in the presence of the throne, and the books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged by those things which were written in the books, according to their works.
YLT and I saw the dead, small and great, standing before God, and scrolls were opened, and another scroll was opened, which is that of the life, and the dead were judged out of the things written in the scrolls — according to their works;
Drby And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened; and another book was opened, which is [that] of life. And the dead were judged out of the things written in the books according to their works.
RV And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne; and books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works.
Wbstr And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works.
KJB-1769 And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.
KJB-1611 [fn]And I sawe the dead, small and great, stand before God: and the books were opened: & another booke was opened, which is the booke of life: and the dead were iudged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from marking of added words (and possibly capitalisation and punctuation and footnotes))
20:12 Chap.3.5.
Bshps And I sawe the dead both great and small stand before God, and the bookes were opened: and another booke was opened, which is the booke of lyfe, and the dead were iudged of those thynges whiche were written in the bookes, accordyng to their deedes.
(And I saw the dead both great and small stand before God, and the bookes were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life, and the dead were judged of those things which were written in the bookes, accordyng to their deades.)
Gnva And I saw the dead, both great and small stand before God: and the bookes were opened, and another booke was opened, which is the booke of life, and the dead were iudged of those thinges, which were written in the bookes, according to their woorkes.
(And I saw the dead, both great and small stand before God: and the bookes were opened, and another book was opened, which is the book of life, and the dead were judged of those things, which were written in the bookes, according to their works. )
Cvdl And I sawe the deed, both gret and small stonde before God: And the bokes were opened, and another boke was opened, which is (the boke) of life, and the deed were iudged of tho thinges which were wrytten in the bokes accordinge to their dedes:
(And I saw the dead, both great and small stand before God: And the bokes were opened, and another book was opened, which is (the boke) of life, and the dead were judged of those things which were written in the bokes accordinge to their dedes:)
TNT And I sawe the deed both grett and small stonde before God: And the bokes were opened and another boke was opened which is the boke of lyfe and the deed were iudged of thoo thynges which weer wrytten in the bokes accordinge to their dedes:
(And I saw the dead both great and small stand before God: And the bokes were opened and another book was opened which is the book of life and the dead were judged of thoo things which weer written in the bokes accordinge to their dedes: )
Wycl And Y sai deed men, grete and smale, stondynge in the siyt of the trone; and bookis weren opened, and deed men weren demed of these thingis that weren writun in the bookis, aftir the werkis of hem.
(And I saw dead men, great and smale, stondynge in the sight of the trone; and bookis were opened, and dead men were demed of these things that were written in the bookis, after the works of them.)
Luth Und ich sah die Toten, beide, groß und klein, stehen vor GOtt. Und die Bücher wurden aufgetan; und ein ander Buch ward aufgetan, welches ist des Lebens. Und die Toten wurden gerichtet nach der Schrift in den Büchern, nach ihren Werken.
(And I saw the Toten, beide, large and klein, stehen before/in_front_of God. And the Bücher became aufgetan; and a ander book what/which aufgetan, which is the life. And the Toten became gerichtet after the/of_the Schrift in the Büchern, after your works.)
ClVg Et vidi mortuos, magnos et pusillos, stantes in conspectu throni, et libri aperti sunt: et alius liber apertus est, qui est vitæ: et judicati sunt mortui ex his, quæ scripta erant in libris, secundum opera ipsorum:[fn]
(And I_saw mortuos, magnos and pusillos, stantes in in_sight throni, and libri aperti are: and alius liber apertus it_is, who it_is vitæ: and yulet_him_sayi are mortui from his, which scripta they_were in libris, after/second opera ipsorum: )
20.12 Et libri aperti sunt. Libri, id est, divina præcepta quæ qui dimiserunt, scient se pro merito puniri; vel libri sunt conscientiæ singulorum, quæ apertæ omnibus erunt. Alius liber. Id est, Christus, qui tunc omnibus apparebit potens et suis dabit vitam. Vel, liber est præscientia Dei, quia tunc aperte scient mali se non prædestinatos ad vitam quam in mundo existentes sibi promittebant. Ex his quæ scripta erant. Per comparationem sanctorum impii damnabuntur: legent enim ipsi impii in ipsis sanctis quæ agere noluerunt.
20.12 And libri aperti are. Libri, id it_is, divina præcepta which who dimiserunt, scient se for merito puniri; or libri are conscientiæ singulorum, which apertæ to_all erunt. Alius liber. That it_is, Christus, who tunc to_all apparebit powerful and to_his_own dabit vitam. Vel, liber it_is præscientia of_God, because tunc aperte scient mali se not/no prædestinatos to life how in mundo existentes sibi promittebant. From his which scripta they_were. Per comparationem sanctorum impii damnabuntur: legent because ipsi impii in ipsis sanctis which agere noluerunt.
UGNT καὶ εἶδον τοὺς νεκρούς, καὶ μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς, ἑστῶτας ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου, καὶ βιβλία ἠνοίχθησαν; καὶ ἄλλο βιβλίον ἠνεῴχθη, ὅ ἐστιν τῆς ζωῆς. καὶ ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν.
(kai eidon tous nekrous, kai megalous kai tous mikrous, hestōtas enōpion tou thronou, kai biblia aʸnoiⱪthaʸsan; kai allo biblion aʸneōⱪthaʸ, ho estin taʸs zōaʸs. kai ekrithaʸsan hoi nekroi ek tōn gegrammenōn en tois bibliois kata ta erga autōn.)
SBL-GNT καὶ εἶδον τοὺς νεκρούς, τοὺς μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς, ἑστῶτας ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου, καὶ βιβλία ἠνοίχθησαν· καὶ ἄλλο βιβλίον ἠνοίχθη, ὅ ἐστιν τῆς ζωῆς· καὶ ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν.
(kai eidon tous nekrous, tous megalous kai tous mikrous, hestōtas enōpion tou thronou, kai biblia aʸnoiⱪthaʸsan; kai allo biblion aʸnoiⱪthaʸ, ho estin taʸs zōaʸs; kai ekrithaʸsan hoi nekroi ek tōn gegrammenōn en tois bibliois kata ta erga autōn.)
TC-GNT Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς νεκρούς, [fn]τοὺς μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς, ἑστῶτας ἐνώπιον τοῦ [fn]θρόνου, καὶ βιβλία [fn]ἠνεῴχθησαν· καὶ [fn]ἄλλο βιβλίον [fn]ἠνεῴχθη, ὅ ἐστι τῆς ζωῆς· καὶ ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις, κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν.
(Kai eidon tous nekrous, tous megalous kai tous mikrous, hestōtas enōpion tou thronou, kai biblia aʸneōⱪthaʸsan; kai allo biblion aʸneōⱪthaʸ, ho esti taʸs zōaʸs; kai ekrithaʸsan hoi nekroi ek tōn gegrammenōn en tois bibliois, kata ta erga autōn. )
20:12 τους μεγαλους και τους μικρους ¦ μικρους και μεγαλους TR ¦ — K
20:12 θρονου ¦ θεου TR
20:12 ηνεωχθησαν ¦ ηνοιξαν K BYZ HF ¦ ανεωχθησαν PCK ¦ ηνοιχθησαν ANT CT
20:12 αλλο βιβλιον ¦ βιβλιον αλλο TR
20:12 ηνεωχθη ¦ ανεωχθη PCK ¦ ηνοιχθη ANT CT
Key for above GNTs: red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).
20:12 books were opened: See Ps 56:8; Dan 7:10.
• The Book of Life holds the names of faithful people who have experienced God’s saving power (Mal 3:16; see Rev 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:15); they are probably the same ones as those who experience the “first resurrection” (20:5-6).
• And the dead were judged: The works of both the redeemed and the unredeemed will be judged (see 22:12; Matt 16:27; 25:31-46).
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
τοὺς νεκρούς & οἱ νεκροὶ
the dead & the dead
John is using the adjective dead as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: [the people who had died … the people who had died]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
καὶ μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς
and and and and and (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καὶ εἶδον τοὺς νεκρούς τοὺς μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς ἑστῶτας ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου καὶ βιβλία ἠνοίχθησαν καὶ ἄλλο βιβλίον ἠνεῴχθη ὅ ἐστιν τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν)
The voice is speaking as if important people were literally large or great and as if unimportant people were literally small. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [both the important and the unimportant]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
καὶ μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς
and and and and and (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καὶ εἶδον τοὺς νεκρούς τοὺς μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς ἑστῶτας ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου καὶ βιβλία ἠνοίχθησαν καὶ ἄλλο βιβλίον ἠνεῴχθη ὅ ἐστιν τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν)
The voice is using the adjectives great and small as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: [both important people and unimportant people]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / merism
καὶ μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς
and and and and and (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καὶ εἶδον τοὺς νεκρούς τοὺς μεγάλους καὶ τοὺς μικρούς ἑστῶτας ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου καὶ βιβλία ἠνοίχθησαν καὶ ἄλλο βιβλίον ἠνεῴχθη ὅ ἐστιν τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν)
The voice is using two kinds of people, great and small, to mean all kinds of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [people of every status]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
βιβλία ἠνοίχθησαν; καὶ ἄλλο βιβλίον ἠνεῴχθη
scrolls /were/_opened_up and another scroll /was/_opened_up
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, the context suggests that it was God. Alternate translation: [God opened books, and God opened another book]
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις
/were/_judged the dead out_of the_‹things› /having_been/_written in the scrolls
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, the context suggests that it was God. Alternate translation: [God judged the dead from the things he had written in the books]
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
τοὺς νεκρούς & οἱ νεκροὶ
the dead & the dead
John is using the adjective dead as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: [the people who had died … the people who had died]