OET interlinear 1COR 15:45

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

οὕτως καὶ

thus also

Here, So also introduces the basis for the claim Paul made about the existence of both “natural” and “spiritual” bodies in the last verse (15:44). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express So also with a word or phrase that introduces evidence or support. Alternate translation: “For” or “As”

Note 2 topic: writing-quotations

γέγραπται

˱it˲_/has_been/_written

In Paul’s culture, it is written was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text. In this case, the quotation comes from Genesis 2:7. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express how Paul introduces the quotation with a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “it can be read in Genesis” or “the author of the book of Genesis says”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

γέγραπται

˱it˲_/has_been/_written

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on what is written rather than focusing on the person doing the “writing.” If you must state who does the action, you can express it so that: (1) the scripture author writes or speaks the words. Alternate translation: “Moses has written” (2) God speaks the words. Alternate translation: “God has said”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / quotations

γέγραπται, ἐγένετο ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος, Ἀδὰμ, εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν

˱it˲_/has_been/_written became the first man Adam into /a/_soul living

If your language does not use this form, you can translate the sentence as an indirect quote instead of as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “it is written that the first man Adam became a living soul”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

ἄνθρωπος

man

Although man is masculine, and Adam was male, Paul is focusing on how Adam was the first human being. He is not focusing on how Adam was the first male human being. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express man with a non gendered word. Alternate translation: “person”

Note 6 topic: translate-unknown

ψυχὴν ζῶσαν

/a/_soul living

Here, soul is a different form of the word that was translated “natural” in 15:44. Paul uses this similar word to make the point that Adam had a “natural body” when God created him. If possible, use words that connect back to how you translated “natural” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “a living, this-worldly human” or “a living person with a regular body”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ

the the last Adam

Here, The last Adam refers to Jesus. Paul wishes to draw connections between Adam and Jesus, and so he calls Adam the first man Adam, and he calls Jesus the last Adam. Each “Adam” is the first person to have a specific kind of body: the first Adam has a “natural body” as a living soul, while the last Adam has a “spiritual body” as a life-giving spirit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express who The last Adam is by clarifying that it refers to Jesus the Messiah. Alternate translation: “Jesus, the last Adam,”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν

Adam into Adam into /a/_spirit giving_life

Here Paul omits some words that your language may need to make a complete thought. Paul could be implying: (1) a word such as “is.” See the ULT. (2) the word became from the previous sentence. Alternate translation: “Adam became a life-giving spirit”

Note 9 topic: translate-unknown

πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν

/a/_spirit giving_life

Here, spirit is a different form of the word that was translated “spiritual” in 15:44. Paul uses this similar word to make the point that Jesus had a “spiritual body” after his resurrection. If possible, use words that connect back to how you translated “spiritual” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “a person who gives life with a body fit for the new creation” or “a person whose body is controlled by God’s Spirit and who gives life”

Note 10 topic: translate-unknown

πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν

/a/_spirit giving_life

Here, life-giving refers to how Jesus, The last Adam, “gives” the “life” that he now has to everyone who believes in him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express life-giving with a phrase that identifies Jesus as the one who gives life. Alternate translation: “a spirit who gives life”