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OET interlinear JOS 10:2

◄ ← JOS 10:2 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,יִּירְאוּ
    2. 149873,149874
    3. And they were afraid
    4. afraid and
    5. 3372
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and,they_were_afraid
    8. S
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103614
    1. מְאֹד
    2. 149875
    3. very
    4. -
    5. 3966
    6. S-D
    7. very
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103615
    1. כִּי
    2. 149876
    3. if/because
    4. -
    6. S-C
    7. if/because
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103616
    1. עִיר
    2. 149877
    3. +was a city
    4. city
    6. P-Ncfsa
    7. [was]_a_city
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103617
    1. גְּדוֹלָה
    2. 149878
    3. great
    4. -
    6. P-Aafsa
    7. great
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103618
    1. גִּבְעוֹן
    2. 149879
    3. Giⱱˊōn
    4. Gibeon
    5. 1391
    6. S-Np
    7. Gibeon
    8. -
    9. Location=Gibeon; Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103619
    1. כְּ,אַחַת
    2. 149880,149881
    3. like one of
    4. -
    5. 259
    6. S-R,Acfsc
    7. like,one_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103620
    1. עָרֵי
    2. 149882
    3. the cities of
    4. -
    6. S-Ncfpc
    7. of_the_cities_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103621
    1. הַ,מַּמְלָכָה
    2. 149883,149884
    3. (the) royalty
    4. -
    5. 4467
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    7. of_(the),royalty
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103622
    1. וְ,כִי
    2. 149885,149886
    3. and because/when
    4. because
    6. S-C,C
    7. and=because/when
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103623
    1. הִיא
    2. 149887
    3. it
    4. -
    5. 1931
    6. S-Pp3fs
    7. it
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103624
    1. גְדוֹלָה
    2. 149888
    3. +was great
    4. -
    6. P-Aafsa
    7. [was]_great
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103625
    1. מִן
    2. 149889
    3. more than
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. more_than
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103626
    2. 149890
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 103627
    1. הָ,עַי
    2. 149891,149892
    3. (the) ˊAy
    4. -
    5. 5857
    6. S-Td,Np
    7. (the),Ai
    8. -
    9. Location=Ai; Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103628
    1. וְ,כָל
    2. 149893,149894
    3. and all
    4. -
    5. 3605
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    7. and=all
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103629
    2. 149895
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 103630
    1. אֲנָשֶׁי,הָ
    2. 149896,149897
    3. men of its
    4. -
    5. 376
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3fs
    7. men_of,its
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103631
    1. גִּבֹּרִים
    2. 149898
    3. +were warriors
    4. warriors
    5. 1368
    6. P-Aampa
    7. [were]_warriors
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103632
    2. 149899
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 103633

OET (OET-LV) And_they_were_afraid very if/because was_a_city great Giⱱˊōn like_one_of the_cities_of (the)_royalty and_because/when it was_great more_than (the)_ˊAy and_all men_of_its were_warriors.

OET (OET-RV) the people of Yerushalem were very afraid because Gibeon had been a powerful city, stronger than Ay, and all it’s warriors were powerful.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:1–27 Five Canaanite Kings attacked the Israelites

The kings of five Canaanite towns joined together to fight against Gibeon. Because the Israelites had a peace treaty with Gibeon, they helped them in their fight. Yahweh helped the Israelites by sending down hailstones on the Canaanites, and by causing the sun to stop moving so that the Israelites could continue their victory. The five Canaanite kings were captured and put to death.

Here are some other possible section headings:

Israel defeated the Canaan group

The sun stood still

10:2a

So Adoni-zedek and his people were greatly alarmed,

So Adoni-zedek and his people were greatly alarmed: The words greatly alarmed refer to King Adoni-zedek. They indicate that the king was very afraid.

There is a textual issue here.

  1. The Hebrew Masoretic text and the Septuagint translation into Greek both read “they feared greatly.” For example:

    he and his people were very much alarmed (NIV) (BSB, NIV, NET, NABRE, GW, NCV, NLT, GNT, CEV, KJV)

  2. Some ancient translations such as the Syriac read “he feared greatly.” For example:

    he feared greatly (ESV) (ESV, RSV, NASB, NJPS, REB)

It is recommended that you follow option (1). Usually we translate the Hebrew text unless it is very difficult. Your translation could say “they” or it could say “the king and his people.” Here is another way to translate this:

the people of Jerusalem were greatly alarmed (GNT)

If you have translated 10:1 as an independent sentence, you may need to supply some implicit information here. For example, the NLT supplies this information:

He and his people became very afraid when they heard all this (NLT)

10:2b

because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities;

because: The word because introduces the reason why the king and his people were afraid.

Gibeon was a great city: In 9:17 it said that Gibeon was actually a group of four towns. The phrase a great city indicates that Gibeon was a large and important place.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

a large city (NET)

an important city (NIV)

like one of the royal cities: The phrase like one of the royal cities indicates that Gibeon was equal in size and importance to the towns that had a king to rule them. Gibeon was ruled by an assembly of leaders and did not have a king.

Here is another way to translate this phrase:

as large as any of the cities that had a king (GNT)

10:2c

it was larger than Ai, and all its men were mighty.

it was: The words it was introduce a second reason why the king and his people were afraid.

and all its men were mighty: The clause all its men were mighty indicates that all the men of Ai were good at fighting.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

all its men were warriors (NET)

all its men were good fighters (NIV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

וַ⁠יִּֽירְא֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד

and,they_were_afraid very

If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. This first phrase would then be at the end of the verse. Alternate translation: [then they feared greatly]

Note 2 topic: writing-pronouns

וַ⁠יִּֽירְא֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד

and,they_were_afraid very

The pronoun they refers both to the king of Jerusalem, mentioned in the previous verse, and to the people who lived in that city. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: [the people of Jerusalem and their king feared greatly]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

עָרֵ֣י הַ⁠מַּמְלָכָ֑ה

cities_of of_(the),royalty

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of kingdom, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [the cities that a king ruled]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And they were afraid
    2. afraid and
    3. 1987,3293
    5. 149873,149874
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. S
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103614
    1. very
    2. -
    3. 3867
    5. 149875
    6. S-D
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103615
    1. if/because
    2. -
    3. 3482
    5. 149876
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103616
    1. +was a city
    2. city
    3. 5667
    5. 149877
    6. P-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103617
    1. great
    2. -
    3. 1513
    5. 149878
    6. P-Aafsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103618
    1. Giⱱˊōn
    2. Gibeon
    3. 1362
    5. 149879
    6. S-Np
    8. -
    9. Location=Gibeon; Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103619
    1. like one of
    2. -
    3. 3418,367
    5. 149880,149881
    6. S-R,Acfsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103620
    1. the cities of
    2. -
    3. 5667
    5. 149882
    6. S-Ncfpc
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103621
    1. (the) royalty
    2. -
    3. 1893,4477
    5. 149883,149884
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103622
    1. and because/when
    2. because
    3. 1987,3482
    5. 149885,149886
    6. S-C,C
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103623
    1. it
    2. -
    3. 1855
    5. 149887
    6. S-Pp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103624
    1. +was great
    2. -
    3. 1513
    5. 149888
    6. P-Aafsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103625
    1. more than
    2. -
    3. 4129
    5. 149889
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103626
    1. (the) ˊAy
    2. -
    3. 1893,5824
    5. 149891,149892
    6. S-Td,Np
    8. -
    9. Location=Ai; Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103628
    1. and all
    2. -
    3. 1987,3671
    5. 149893,149894
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103629
    1. men of its
    2. -
    3. 266,1978
    5. 149896,149897
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103631
    1. +were warriors
    2. warriors
    3. 1367
    5. 149898
    6. P-Aampa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103632

OET (OET-LV) And_they_were_afraid very if/because was_a_city great Giⱱˊōn like_one_of the_cities_of (the)_royalty and_because/when it was_great more_than (the)_ˊAy and_all men_of_its were_warriors.

OET (OET-RV) the people of Yerushalem were very afraid because Gibeon had been a powerful city, stronger than Ay, and all it’s warriors were powerful.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← JOS 10:2 ↑ → ► ║ ©