MARK 15:44 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36672
1. Δέ
2. de
3. And
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y33
11. 36673
1. Πιλᾶτος
2. pilatos
3. Pilatos
4. Pilate
5. 40910
6. N····NMS
7. Pilatos
8. Pilate
9. U
10. Y33; F36683; F36686; F36700
11. 36674
1. ἐθαύμασεν
2. thaumazō
3. wondered
4. -
5. 22960
6. VIAA3··S
7. wondered
8. wondered
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36675
1. ἐθαύμαζεν
2. thaumazō
3. -
4. -
5. 22960
6. VIIA3··S
7. ˓was˒ wondering
8. ˓was˒ wondering
9. -
10. -
11. 36676
1. εἰ
2. ei
3. if
4. -
5. 14870
6. C·······
7. if
8. if
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36677
1. ἤδη
2. ēdē
3. already
4. -
5. 22350
6. D·······
7. already
8. already
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36678
1. εἰ
2. ei
3. -
4. -
5. 14870
6. C·······
7. whether
8. whether
9. -
10. -
11. 36679
1. τέθνηκεν
2. thnēskō
3. he has died
4. -
5. 23480
6. VIEA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓has˒ died
8. ˱he˲ ˓has˒ died
9. -
10. Y33; R36671; Person=Jesus
11. 36680
1. τεθνήκει
2. thnēskō
3. -
4. -
5. 23480
6. VILA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓had˒ died
8. ˱he˲ ˓had˒ died
9. -
10. -
11. 36681
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36682
1. προσκαλεσάμενος
2. proskaleō
3. having called to
4. called
5. 43410
6. VPAM·NMS
7. ˓having˒ called_to
8. ˓having˒ called_to
9. -
10. Y33; R36674
11. 36683
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36684
1. κεντυρίωνα
2. kenturiōn
3. centurion
4. -
5. 27600
6. N····AMS
7. centurion
8. centurion
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36685
1. ἐπηρώτησεν
2. eperōtaō
3. he asked
4. -
5. 19050
6. VIAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ asked
8. ˱he˲ asked
9. -
10. Y33; R36674
11. 36686
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. him
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36687
1. εἰ
2. ei
3. whether
4. -
5. 14870
6. C·······
7. whether
8. whether
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36688
1. ἤδη
2. ēdē
3. already
4. -
5. 22350
6. D·······
7. already
8. already
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36689
1. πάλαι
2. palai
3. -
4. -
5. 38190
6. D·······
7. already
8. already
9. -
10. -
11. 36690
1. ἀπέθανεν
2. apothnēskō
3. he died off
4. -
5. 5990
6. VIAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ died_off
8. ˱he˲ died_off
9. -
10. Y33; R36671; Person=Jesus
11. 36691
1. τέθνηκεν
2. thnēskō
3. -
4. -
5. 23480
6. VIEA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓has˒ died
8. ˱he˲ ˓has˒ died
9. -
10. -
11. 36692
1. τεθνήκει
2. thnēskō
3. -
4. -
5. 23480
6. VILA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓had˒ died
8. ˱he˲ ˓had˒ died
9. -
10. -
11. 36693

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 15:42–47: Joseph buried Jesus

After someone died on a cross, his body was normally left on the cross to rot. Sometimes the Romans threw the body in a group grave and buried it without any honor. But for the Jews, a proper burial was important. It was their custom to bury the body on the same day that a person died.

Joseph was determined to give Jesus a proper burial. So he bravely went to Pilate and asked permission to do this. When he did this, he risked being punished. Pilate might have thought that since he was a friend of Jesus, he was also rebelling against Rome.

The Sabbath day began just a few hours after Jesus died. On the Sabbath, it was forbidden to move a dead body. So Joseph had to act very quickly in all that he did.

In this section, Mark emphasized two important facts that help readers understand that Jesus truly rose from the dead. First, he showed that Jesus was really dead. Second, he said that the women in 15:47 observed and noted carefully the location of the tomb where Jesus was laid. They did not mistakenly go to the wrong tomb later.

It is good to translate this section before you decide on a heading for it.

Here are some other possible headings for this section:

Joseph put/laid the body of Jesus in a tomb

Jesus was placed in a burial cave.

The burial of Jesus

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 27:57–61, Luke 23:50–55, and John 19:38–42.

Paragraph 15:42–47

In Jewish culture, a new day started at sunset. Jesus had died sometime during the middle of the afternoon. The Sabbath day would begin in a few hours. On the Sabbath day, a dead body could be washed and prepared for burial, but it could not be moved. This explains why Joseph had to hurry to bury Jesus’ body.

15:44a

Pilate was surprised to hear that Jesus was already dead,

Pilate was amazed/astonished that Jesus had already died.
When Pilate heard/learned from Joseph that Jesus was already dead, he was surprised.

Pilate was surprised to hear that Jesus was already dead: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as Pilate was surprised to hear that Jesus was already dead is literally “Pilate was surprised that he was already dead.” The BSB has supplied the phrase to hear to make the clause natural English.

was surprised: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as was surprised expresses surprise or amazement. Here it includes an element of doubt. Pilate was surprised or amazed to hear that Jesus had already died, and he sent for the centurion to confirm the report.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

was astonished/amazed that

wondered/marveled that

15:44b

so he summoned the centurion

He sent for the centurion
He sent for the officer who was in charge of crucifying Jesus.
So he sent/commanded someone to tell the leader/chief of the soldiers to come to him in order to be sure.

so: The Greek conjunction that the BSB translates here as so introduces what Pilate did as a result of what he heard from Joseph. He summoned the centurion to investigate. Connect 15:44b to 15:44a in a way that is natural in your language for this context.

he summoned the centurion: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as summoned here means “commanded to come.” The centurion was still by the cross, so Pilate sent someone to tell the centurion to come to him. The REB translates this as:

sent for the centurion (REB)

15:44c

to ask if this was so.

and asked him if Jesus was already dead.
When the officer came/arrived, Pilate asked him if it was true that Jesus had already died.
He asked the leader/chief, “Has Jesus already died?”

to ask if this was so: In some languages, it may be natural to use direct speech for this question. For example:

…he/Pilate asked him, “Has Jesus already died?”

…he asked him, “Is it true that Jesus is already dead?”

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

δὲ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὁ Δέ Πιλᾶτος ἐθαύμασεν εἰ ἤδη τέθνηκεν καί προσκαλεσάμενος τόν κεντυρίωνα ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτόν εἰ ἤδη ἀπέθανεν)

Here, the word But introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave But untranslated. Alternate translation: [Then]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

εἰ ἤδη τέθνηκεν

if already ˱he˲_˓has˒_died

Here Mark means that Pilate was not sure whether Jesus had already died, but he marveled that it might be true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates this kind of possibility. Alternate translation: [because it was possible that Jesus had already died]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τὸν κεντυρίωνα

Here Mark implies that this is the same centurion who was in charge of crucifying Jesus (see [15:39](../15/39.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [the centurion who was in charge of Jesus’ crucifixion] or [the centurion who oversaw Jesus’ execution]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / quotations

ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτὸν εἰ πάλαι ἀπέθανεν

˱he˲_asked (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὁ Δέ Πιλᾶτος ἐθαύμασεν εἰ ἤδη τέθνηκεν καί προσκαλεσάμενος τόν κεντυρίωνα ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτόν εἰ ἤδη ἀπέθανεν)

It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: [he asked him, “Has he already died?”]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. And
2. -
3. 11610
4. S
5. de
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y33
11. 36673
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36672
1. Pilatos
2. Pilate
3. 40910
4. U
5. pilatos
6. N-····NMS
7. Pilatos
8. Pilate
9. U
10. Y33; F36683; F36686; F36700
11. 36674
1. wondered
2. -
3. 22960
5. thaumazō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. wondered
8. wondered
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36675
1. if
2. -
3. 14870
5. ei
6. C-·······
7. if
8. if
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36677
1. he has
2. -
3. 23480
5. thnēskō
6. V-IEA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓has˒ died
8. ˱he˲ ˓has˒ died
9. -
10. Y33; R36671; Person=Jesus
11. 36680
1. already
2. -
3. 22350
5. ēdē
6. D-·······
7. already
8. already
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36678
1. died
2. -
3. 23480
5. thnēskō
6. V-IEA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓has˒ died
8. ˱he˲ ˓has˒ died
9. -
10. Y33; R36671; Person=Jesus
11. 36680
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36682
1. having called to
2. called
3. 43410
5. proskaleō
6. V-PAM·NMS
7. ˓having˒ called_to
8. ˓having˒ called_to
9. -
10. Y33; R36674
11. 36683
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36684
1. centurion
2. -
3. 27600
5. kenturiōn
6. N-····AMS
7. centurion
8. centurion
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36685
1. he asked
2. -
3. 19050
5. eperōtaō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ asked
8. ˱he˲ asked
9. -
10. Y33; R36674
11. 36686
1. him
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36687
1. whether
2. -
3. 14870
5. ei
6. C-·······
7. whether
8. whether
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36688
1. he
2. -
3. 5990
5. apothnēskō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ died_off
8. ˱he˲ died_off
9. -
10. Y33; R36671; Person=Jesus
11. 36691
1. already
2. -
3. 22350
5. ēdē
6. D-·······
7. already
8. already
9. -
10. Y33
11. 36689
1. died off
2. -
3. 5990
5. apothnēskō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ died_off
8. ˱he˲ died_off
9. -
10. Y33; R36671; Person=Jesus
11. 36691

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.