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Mark C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16

Mark 15 V1 V3 V5 V7 V9 V11 V13 V15 V17 V21 V23 V25 V27 V29 V31 V33 V35 V37 V39 V41 V43 V45 V47

OET interlinear MARK 15:19

◄ ← MARK 15:19 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Καί
    2. kai
    3. And
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 36193
    1. ἔτυπτον
    2. tuptō
    3. they were striking
    4. -
    5. 51800
    6. VIIA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ striking
    8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ striking
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36151
    11. 36194
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. of him
    4. his
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36144; Person=Jesus
    11. 36195
    1. αὐτόν
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 36196
    1. καλάμῳ
    2. kalamos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25630
    6. N····DMS
    7. ˱with˲ ˓a˒ staff
    8. ˱with˲ ˓a˒ staff
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 36197
    1. εἰς
    2. eis
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 15190
    6. P·······
    7. on
    8. on
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 36198
    1. τήν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36199
    1. κεφαλήν
    2. kefalē
    3. head
    4. head
    5. 27760
    6. N····AFS
    7. head
    8. head
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36200
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 36201
    1. καλάμῳ
    2. kalamos
    3. with +a staff
    4. -
    5. 25630
    6. N····DMS
    7. ˱with˲ ˓a˒ staff
    8. ˱with˲ ˓a˒ staff
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36202
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36203
    1. ἐνέπτυον
    2. emptuō
    3. they were spitting
    4. spitting
    5. 17160
    6. VIIA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ spitting
    8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ spitting
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36151
    11. 36204
    1. ἐνέπτυσαν
    2. emptuō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 17160
    6. VIAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ spat
    8. ˱they˲ spat
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 36205
    1. αὐτῷ
    2. autos
    3. on him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DMS
    7. ˱on˲ him
    8. ˱on˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36144; Person=Jesus; R36144; Person=Jesus
    11. 36206
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36207
    1. τιθέντες
    2. tithēmi
    3. kneeling
    4. -
    5. 50870
    6. VPPA·NMP
    7. kneeling
    8. kneeling
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36151
    11. 36208
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36209
    1. γόνατα
    2. gonu
    3. knees
    4. -
    5. 11190
    6. N····ANP
    7. knees
    8. knees
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36210
    1. προσεκύνουν
    2. proskuneō
    3. they were prostrating
    4. -
    5. 43520
    6. VIIA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ prostrating
    8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ prostrating
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36151
    11. 36211
    1. αὐτῷ
    2. autos
    3. before him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DMS
    7. ˱before˲ him
    8. ˱before˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36212

OET (OET-LV) And they_were_striking the head of_him with_a_staff and they_were_spitting on_him, and kneeling the knees, they_were_prostrating before_him.

OET (OET-RV) They took turns whacking his head with a stick and spitting on him, while others knelt down in front of him and pretended to be bowing to him.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 15:16–20: The Roman soldiers mocked Jesus

The events of this section occurred immediately after the soldiers whipped Jesus in 15:15. One crime that the Jewish leaders accused Jesus of was that he claimed to be the king of the Jews (see Luke 23:2 and John 19:12). The soldiers did not believe Jesus was a king, so they mocked him by pretending that he was a king. They gave him a robe like a king’s robe and a crown of thorns in place of a king’s crown. They greeted him like a king, and they bowed before him in false honor. At the same time they treated him cruelly and shamefully by striking him on the head and spitting on him.

It is good to translate this section before you decide on a heading for it.

Here are some other possible headings for this section:

Jesus was mocked by Roman soldiers

The soldiers mistreated/mocked Jesus

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 27:27–31 and John 19:2–3.

Paragraph 15:16–20

The place where Pilate met with Jesus and the Jewish leaders (15:1–15) was probably in the public square in front of the palace. The events in this paragraph happened inside the palace. The Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, lived in the palace when he was in Jerusalem. He also used this palace as his headquarters when he was there.

15:19a–c

The form of the Greek verbs in this verse (“struck,” “spit,” and “paid homage”) indicates repeated action. Probably many different soldiers did each of these things. Translate this verse in a natural way in your language that indicates that all of these actions were done many times. Here are some ways to do this in English:

Again and again (NIV)

kept beating…and spitting…and kneeling and bowing (NASB)

one after another they struck…spit…and bowed

Some languages may use repetition. For example:

They beat him and beat him on his head…they spit on him and spit on him…

15:19a

They kept striking His head with a staff

They kept striking His head with a staff: This clause indicates that the soldiers took a staff and hit Jesus’ head with it many times.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

They kept hitting him on the head with a stick (GW)

The soldiers beat Jesus on the head many times with a stick. (NCV)

a staff: The Greek word that the BSB translates as a staff generally refers to a reed. The reeds in Israel are like a stick or cane. They have a hollow stalk similar to bamboo. So this staff was something that was neither solid wood nor a fragile reed that broke easily. To make this clear you may want to translate it as:

a strong/heavy reed

a cane/stick

15:19b

and spitting on Him.

spitting on Him: In Jewish culture, spitting on a person was one of the worst ways to insult him. It was an attempt to cause him to feel completely worthless. If spitting on someone does not mean this in your culture, you may need to make this explicit:

spitting on him to insult him

We are not told which part of Jesus’ body the soldiers spat on. If you must state a specific body part, you can say his face or his head.

15:19c

And they knelt down and bowed before Him.

And they knelt down: The phrase And they knelt down means that the soldiers purposely got on their knees. They did not stumble and fall by accident. They did this to pretend to honor Jesus.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

Falling on their knees (NIV11)

bowing on their knees (NCV)

bowed down to him

and bowed before Him: The Greek verb that the BSB translates with the English idiom bowed here means “bowed down in order to show honor to someone.” This verb is often translate as “worshipped.” In this context it refers to the way people honored kings and emperors. The soldiers mimicked or imitated this action in order to mock Jesus.

Here the soldiers were only pretending to honor Jesus. In some languages it may be necessary to include this implied information. For example:

as though they were honoring him

to pretend to honor him as king

General Comment on 15:19c

Here Mark described both the posture of the soldiers (kneeling) and the function of that gesture (bowing down). It is possible to have one expression that describes both the posture and function at the same time.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: translate-symaction

ἐνέπτυον αὐτῷ

˱they˲_˓were˒_spitting ˱on˲_him

In Jesus’ culture, people would spit on someone to insult that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain what this action means. Alternate translation: [spitting on him to dishonor him]

Note 2 topic: translate-symaction

τιθέντες τὰ γόνατα, προσεκύνουν αὐτῷ

kneeling (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔτυπτον αὐτοῦ τήν κεφαλήν καλάμῳ καί ἐνέπτυον αὐτῷ καί τιθέντες τά γόνατα προσεκύνουν αὐτῷ)

In Jesus’ culture, bending the knee and bowing before someone was a way to respect a greater person, especially when asking the greater person to do a favor. Here, the soldiers perform this action to mock Jesus by pretending that he is a king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what kneeling means. Alternate translation: [they were prostrating themselves before him] or [they were kneeling down before him as if he were a king]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

τιθέντες τὰ γόνατα, προσεκύνουν αὐτῷ

kneeling (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔτυπτον αὐτοῦ τήν κεφαλήν καλάμῳ καί ἐνέπτυον αὐτῷ καί τιθέντες τά γόνατα προσεκύνουν αὐτῷ)

The phrases bending the knee and bowing down mean similar things. Mark is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: [they were bowing down low to him] or [they were formally bending the knee to him]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

15:16-41 The crucifixion account is one of the most historically certain accounts of ancient history. Why would the early church create a story in which the object of their faith was crucified? This story was and still is an offense to Jews and absurd nonsense to Gentiles (1 Cor 1:23).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. And
    2. -
    3. 25320
    4. S
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 36193
    1. they were striking
    2. -
    3. 51800
    5. tuptō
    6. V-IIA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ striking
    8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ striking
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36151
    11. 36194
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36199
    1. head
    2. head
    3. 27760
    5. kefalē
    6. N-····AFS
    7. head
    8. head
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36200
    1. of him
    2. his
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36144; Person=Jesus
    11. 36195
    1. with +a staff
    2. -
    3. 25630
    5. kalamos
    6. N-····DMS
    7. ˱with˲ ˓a˒ staff
    8. ˱with˲ ˓a˒ staff
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36202
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36203
    1. they were spitting
    2. spitting
    3. 17160
    5. emptuō
    6. V-IIA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ spitting
    8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ spitting
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36151
    11. 36204
    1. on him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3DMS
    7. ˱on˲ him
    8. ˱on˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36144; Person=Jesus; R36144; Person=Jesus
    11. 36206
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36207
    1. kneeling
    2. -
    3. 50870
    5. tithēmi
    6. V-PPA·NMP
    7. kneeling
    8. kneeling
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36151
    11. 36208
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36209
    1. knees
    2. -
    3. 11190
    5. gonu
    6. N-····ANP
    7. knees
    8. knees
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36210
    1. they were prostrating
    2. -
    3. 43520
    5. proskuneō
    6. V-IIA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ prostrating
    8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ prostrating
    9. -
    10. Y33; R36151
    11. 36211
    1. before him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3DMS
    7. ˱before˲ him
    8. ˱before˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 36212

OET (OET-LV) And they_were_striking the head of_him with_a_staff and they_were_spitting on_him, and kneeling the knees, they_were_prostrating before_him.

OET (OET-RV) They took turns whacking his head with a stick and spitting on him, while others knelt down in front of him and pretended to be bowing to him.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← MARK 15:19 ↑ → ► ║ ©