REV 9:9 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159573
1. εἶχον
2. eχō
3. they were having
4. -
5. 21920
6. VIIA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ having
8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ having
9. -
10. Y96; R159535
11. 159574
1. θώρακας
2. thōrax
3. breastplates
4. -
5. 23820
6. N····AMP
7. breastplates
8. breastplates
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159575
1. ὡς
2. hōs
3. like
4. -
5. 56130
6. C·······
7. like
8. like
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159576
1. θώρακας
2. thōrax
3. breastplates
4. -
5. 23820
6. N····AMP
7. breastplates
8. breastplates
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159577
1. σιδηροῦς
2. sidērous
3. iron
4. -
5. 46030
6. A····AMP
7. iron
8. iron
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159578
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159579
1. ἡ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159580
1. φωνή
2. fōnē
3. sound
4. -
5. 54560
6. N····NFS
7. sound
8. sound
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159581
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. of the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GFP
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159582
1. πτερύγων
2. pterux
3. wings
4. wings
5. 44200
6. N····GFP
7. wings
8. wings
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159583
1. αὐτῶν
2. autos
3. of them
4. their
5. 8460
6. R···3GFP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. Y96; R159535
11. 159584
1. ὡς
2. hōs
3. as
4. -
5. 56130
6. C·······
7. as
8. as
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159585
1. φωνή
2. fōnē
3. +the sound
4. -
5. 54560
6. N····NFS
7. ˓the˒ sound
8. ˓the˒ sound
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159586
1. ἁρμάτων
2. harma
3. of chariots
4. chariots
5. 7160
6. N····GNP
7. ˱of˲ chariots
8. ˱of˲ chariots
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159587
1. ἵππων
2. hippos
3. of horses
4. horses
5. 24620
6. N····GMP
7. ˱of˲ horses
8. ˱of˲ horses
9. -
10. Y96; F159590
11. 159588
1. πολλῶν
2. pollos
3. many
4. -
5. 41830
6. A····GMP
7. many
8. many
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159589
1. τρεχόντων
2. treχō
3. running
4. -
5. 51430
6. VPPA·GMP
7. running
8. running
9. -
10. Y96; R159588
11. 159590
1. εἰς
2. eis
3. into
4. -
5. 15190
6. P·······
7. into
8. into
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159591
1. πόλεμον
2. polemos
3. war
4. battle
5. 41710
6. N····AMS
7. war
8. war
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159592

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 8:6–9:21: Angels blew the first six trumpets

In this section, the blowing of each trumpet signaled a disaster. God would send these disasters upon the people of the earth. Some of the disasters were hail, fire, and poisoned water.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

The Seven Angels and Trumpets (NCV)

The Seven Trumpets (NRSV)

9:9a

They also had thoraxes like breastplates of iron,

They wore coverings on their chest that looked like they were made of iron,
Their chests were covered with what looked like iron breastplates. (GNT)

9:9b

and the sound of their wings was like

and the noise made by their wings was like
The movement of their wings made a loud sound like

9:9a–b

thoraxes like breastplates of iron: The thoraxes are the chest areas of the bodies. The breastplates are the thin sheets of metal or overlapping plates of metal armor. They are shaped to fit over the chest to protect the wearers. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

Their chests were covered with what looked like iron breastplates (GNT)

They had body–armour like iron breastplates (NJB)

The breastplates might be used instead of the other armor, as pictured in the note at 9:7a. Or the breastplates might be added to the other armor.

iron: At the time, iron was the strongest metal known. Today, iron is used to make cars, trucks, and many kinds of tools.

In some languages people are not familiar with iron. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Describe it in your translation. For example:
very strong metal
Use the major language word and explain it in your translation. For example:
iron, a very strong metal,
Use the major language word and explain it in a footnote if people are not familiar with it. An example footnote is:
At the time, iron was the strongest metal known. Today, iron is used to make cars, trucks, and many kinds of tools.

9:9c

the roar of many horses and chariots rushing into battle.

the loud rumbling of many horse chariots going quickly into battle.
that of the sound of many horses running into battle pulling war carts.

the roar of many horses and chariots rushing into battle This clause indicates that the horses were running. Many horses running together make a loud thudding and rumbling noise similar to “rolling” thunder. Chariots have wooden wheels, often with an outer ring of iron. These make much noise as they roll over the ground. The sound of the locusts’ wings was like the noise of the running horses pulling chariots. The sound continued for a long time. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

the loud noise of many horses and chariots running into battle

the loud rumbling of many horses and chariots going quickly to battle

many horses and chariots: The Greek phrase is literally “of-chariots of-horses of-many.” There are several ways to interpret this phrase. The main ones are:

It refers to horses pulling chariots and that there were many of these horse chariots. For example, the GNT says:
many horse-drawn chariots (RSV, GNT, NABRE, ESV, NET)
It indicates that there were many horses and also there were chariots. For example, the BSB says:
many horses and chariots (BSB, NIV, REB, NCV)
It indicates that there were chariots and each chariot had many horses. For example, the NJB says:
chariots with many horses (NJB, GW, KJV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because there seems no reason from the Greek grammar to separate the horses from the chariots, as in interpretation (2). And it seems more likely that, for an example of a loud noise, many connects to chariots with horses and not just to horses (interpretation (3)). Other ways to translate this phrase according to interpretation (1) are:

many horse chariots

many chariots pulled by horses

many horses pulling many chariots

chariots: The word chariot refers to a vehicle with two wheels that is pulled by a horse or horses. The soldier stands in the vehicle. The wheels are made of wood and often have a band of iron around each wheel. The wheels make a rumbling noise when they roll.

In some languages people are not familiar with chariots. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Use a descriptive phrase. For example:
horse-drawn/pulled war vehicles But the word or phrase you use should not refer to modern military trucks or tanks.
Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, explain it in a footnote. For example:
A chariot is a war vehicle with two wheels. It is pulled by one or two horses. The soldier stands in the vehicle. The wheels are made of wood and often have a band of iron around the wheels. The wheels make a rumbling noise when they roll.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

εἶχον θώρακας ὡς θώρακας σιδηροῦς

˱they˲_˓were˒_having breastplates like breastplates iron

John is speaking as if these locusts literally had breastplates. He probably means that the skin on the front of their bodies was very hard. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [the hard skin on the front of their bodies was like iron breastplates]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / simile

εἶχον θώρακας ὡς θώρακας σιδηροῦς

˱they˲_˓were˒_having breastplates like breastplates iron

The point of this comparison is that the skin on the front of the locusts’ bodies was very strong, as if it were made of iron. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: [the hard skin on the front of their bodies was very strong, like an iron breastplate]

Note 3 topic: translate-unknown

θώρακας σιδηροῦς

breastplates breastplates iron

A breastplate was a piece of armor that covered and protected the chest. If your readers would not be familiar with what a breastplate is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [pieces of armor made of iron to protect a soldier’s chest]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / simile

ἡ φωνὴ τῶν πτερύγων αὐτῶν ὡς φωνὴ ἁρμάτων ἵππων πολλῶν

the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί εἶχον θώρακας ὡς θώρακας σιδηροῦς καί ἡ φωνή τῶν πτερύγων αὐτῶν ὡς φωνή ἁρμάτων ἵππων πολλῶν τρεχόντων εἰς πόλεμον)

The point of this comparison is that the wings of all the locusts flying around made a very loud sound, like the sound of chariots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: [the sound of their wings was very loud, like the sound of many chariots of horses]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

ἁρμάτων ἵππων

˱of˲_chariots ˱of˲_horses

John is using this possessive form to describe chariots that horses pull into battle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning without using a possessive form. Alternate translation: [horse-drawn chariots]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τρεχόντων εἰς πόλεμον

running into war

John is speaking as if these chariots were themselves literally running into battle, though it is the horses pulling the chariots which would be running and the drivers of the chariots who would be hurrying to get into the battle. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [whose drivers are hurrying them into battle]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159573
1. they were having
2. -
3. 21920
5. eχō
6. V-IIA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ having
8. ˱they˲ ˓were˒ having
9. -
10. Y96; R159535
11. 159574
1. breastplates
2. -
3. 23820
5. thōrax
6. N-····AMP
7. breastplates
8. breastplates
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159575
1. like
2. -
3. 56130
5. hōs
6. C-·······
7. like
8. like
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159576
1. breastplates
2. -
3. 23820
5. thōrax
6. N-····AMP
7. breastplates
8. breastplates
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159577
1. iron
2. -
3. 46030
5. sidērous
6. A-····AMP
7. iron
8. iron
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159578
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159579
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159580
1. sound
2. -
3. 54560
5. fōnē
6. N-····NFS
7. sound
8. sound
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159581
1. of the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GFP
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159582
1. wings
2. wings
3. 44200
5. pterux
6. N-····GFP
7. wings
8. wings
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159583
1. of them
2. their
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3GFP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. Y96; R159535
11. 159584
1. as
2. -
3. 56130
5. hōs
6. C-·······
7. as
8. as
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159585
1. +the sound
2. -
3. 54560
5. fōnē
6. N-····NFS
7. ˓the˒ sound
8. ˓the˒ sound
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159586
1. of chariots
2. chariots
3. 7160
5. harma
6. N-····GNP
7. ˱of˲ chariots
8. ˱of˲ chariots
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159587
1. of horses
2. horses
3. 24620
5. hippos
6. N-····GMP
7. ˱of˲ horses
8. ˱of˲ horses
9. -
10. Y96; F159590
11. 159588
1. many
2. -
3. 41830
5. pollos
6. A-····GMP
7. many
8. many
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159589
1. running
2. -
3. 51430
5. treχō
6. V-PPA·GMP
7. running
8. running
9. -
10. Y96; R159588
11. 159590
1. into
2. -
3. 15190
5. eis
6. P-·······
7. into
8. into
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159591
1. war
2. battle
3. 41710
5. polemos
6. N-····AMS
7. war
8. war
9. -
10. Y96
11. 159592

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.