1 CHR 4:4 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal Speaker(s)=Narrator (All still tentative.)

BrLXX Καὶ Φανουὴλ πατὴρ Γεδὼρ, καὶ Ἰαζὴρ πατὴρ Ὠσάν· οὗτοι υἱοὶ Ὢρ τοῦ πρωτοτόκου Ἐφραθὰ πατρὸς Βαιθαλαέν.
(Kai Fanouaʸl pataʸr Gedōr, kai Yazaʸr pataʸr Ōsan; houtoi huioi Ōr tou prōtotokou Efratha patros Baithalaen.)

BrTr And Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Jazer the father of Osan: these are the sons of Or, the first-born of Ephratha, the father of Bæthalaen.

ULT And Penuel, the father of Gedor, and Ezer, the father of Hushah, these, were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

UST Hur was the oldest son of Ephrathah. He founded the city of Bethlehem. Hur’s descendants were Penuel and Ezer. Penuel started the clans that lived in the city of Gedor. Ezer started the clans that lived in the city of Hushah.

BSB & MSB Penuel was the father[fn] of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah.
• These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

4:4 Or the founder; also in verses 5, 12, 14, 17, 18, and possibly elsewhere

OEB No OEB CH1 4:4 book available

WEBBE & WMBB Penuel was the father of Gedor and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

NET Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

LSV and Penuel [is] father of Gedor, and Ezer father of Hushah. These [are] sons of Hur, firstborn of Ephratah, father of Beth-Lehem.

FBV Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, Ephrathah's firstborn and father[fn] of Bethlehem.

4:4 “Father”: probably in the sense of “founder.”

T4T • 3-4 The oldest son of Caleb and his wife Ephrathah was Hur. Hur was the one who started/founded Bethlehem town. His three sons were Etam, Penuel, and Ezer. Etam’s sons were Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. Their sister was Hazzelelponi. Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah.

LEB and Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem.

BBE And Penuel, the father of Gedor, and Ezer, the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the oldest son of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.

Moff with Penuel the founder of Gedor and Ezer the founder of Hushah; these were descended from Hur, the eldest son of Ephrathah, the founder of Bethlehem.

JPS and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur the first-born of Ephrath, the father of Beth-lehem.

ASV and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.

DRA And Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Ezar the father of Hosa, these are the sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephratha the father of Bethlehem.

YLT and Penuel [is] father of Gedor, and Ezer father of Hushah. These [are] sons of Hur, first-born of Ephratah, father of Beth-Lehem.

Drby and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah: these were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, [and] father of Bethlehem.

RV and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.
(and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.)

SLT And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, the father of the house of bread.

Wbstr And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.

KJB-1769 And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.
(And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.)

KJB-1611 And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sonnes of Hur, the first borne of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)

Bshps Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Eser the father of Husa: And these are the sonnes of Hur the eldest sonne of Ephratha the father of Bethlehem.
(Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Eser the father of Husa: And these are the sons of Hur the eldest son of Ephratha the father of Bethlehem.)

Gnva And Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah: these are the sonnes of Hur the eldest sonne of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.
(And Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah: these are the sons of Hur the eldest son of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem.)

Cvdl and Penuel the father of Gedor, & Eser the father of Husa. These are the children of Hur the first sonne of Ephrata ye father of Bethleem.
(and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Eser the father of Husa. These are the children of Hur the first son of Ephrathah ye/you_all father of Beth-lehem.)

Wycl Sotheli Phunyel was the fadir of Gedor, and Ezer was the fadir of Osa; these ben the sones of Hur, the firste gendrid sone of Effrata, the fadir of Bethleem.
(Truly Phunyel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Osa; these been the sons of Hur, the firstborn son of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem.)

Luth und Pnuel, der Vater Gedors, und Eser, der Vater Husas. Das sind die Kinder Hurs, des ersten Sohns Ephrathas, des Vaters Bethlehems.
(and Peniel, the/of_the father Gedor’s, and Ezer, the/of_the father Hushah’s. The are the children Hur’s, the first son Ephrathah’s, the father Beth-lehem’s.)

ClVg Phanuel autem pater Gedor, et Ezer pater Hosa: isti sunt filii Hur primogeniti Ephratha patris Bethlehem.[fn]
(Phanuel however father Gedor, and Ezer father Hosah: these are children Hur firstborn Ephrathah of_the_father Bethlehem.)

4.4 Gedor et Ezer. ID. Loca sunt a filiis Ur possessa; sed mirum quod hic dicitur Ur pater Bethlehem, cum superius Salma dictus sit pater ejus, nisi forte patrem hic appellet parentem, quia Hur fuit pater Salma qui fuit pater Bethlehem.

4.4 Gedor and Ezer. ID. Places are from to_the_children Ur possessed; but strange that this/here it_is_said Ur father Bethlehem, when/with above Salma said be father his/her, except perhaps father this/here may_call parent, because Hur it_was father Salma who/which it_was father Bethlehem.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: translate-names

(Occurrence 0) Gedor … Hushah

(Some words not found in UHB: and,Penuel father_of Gədor and,Ezer father_of Ḩūshāh these sons_of Ḩūr firstborn_of ʼEfrātāh father_of house_of -lehem )

These are names of cities.

Note 2 topic: translate-names

(Occurrence 0) Peniel … Ezer … Hur

(Some words not found in UHB: and,Penuel father_of Gədor and,Ezer father_of Ḩūshāh these sons_of Ḩūr firstborn_of ʼEfrātāh father_of house_of -lehem )

These are the names of men.

(Occurrence 0) These were descendants of Hur

(Some words not found in UHB: and,Penuel father_of Gədor and,Ezer father_of Ḩūshāh these sons_of Ḩūr firstborn_of ʼEfrātāh father_of house_of -lehem )

“Peniel and Ezer were descendants of Hur.” This points forward to the list that will follow.

(Occurrence 0) Ephrathah

(Some words not found in UHB: and,Penuel father_of Gədor and,Ezer father_of Ḩūshāh these sons_of Ḩūr firstborn_of ʼEfrātāh father_of house_of -lehem )

This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 2:50](../02/50.md).

BMM BibleMapper.com Maps:

Poster Map of the Towns and Clans of Eastern Judah, circa 1200 B.C.

As Israel invaded Canaan and conquered the land, the Israelite tribe of Judah was allotted a very large portion of it for their inheritance. Their territory was the southernmost allotment of all the tribes, stretching from Jerusalem in the north to Kadesh-barnea in the south. In reality, though, their primary area of occupation was limited to the region shown on this map, due to the Philistines’ occupation of the western coast and the extremely arid conditions of the land in the far south. Also, the Bible notes that the allotment of the tribe of Simeon “formed part of the territory of Judah; because the portion of the tribe of Judah was too large for them, the tribe of Simeon obtained an inheritance within their inheritance” (Joshua 19:9), and this is confirmed by the explicit mention of over twenty towns being allotted to both tribes (see Joshua 15:20-63; 19:1-9). The Kenites, who were not ethnic Israelites (they were descendants of Moses’ father-in-law; see Judges 1:16) but lived in peaceful coexistence with them, also occupied the arid land to the southwest of the Dead Sea.

Scripture further details many of the clans and sub-clans of Judah (1 Chronicles 2:1-55; 4:1-23). Most (or perhaps all) of these clan names corresponded with names of various towns in Judah, since towns in ancient Israel were often named after the ancestor of the clan that founded or predominantly occupied the town. It is interesting to note that an Israelite judge named Jair was descended from Judah by his father’s lineage, but his father’s mother was from the tribe of Manasseh, and when Jair conquered many towns in Manasseh’s territory of Gilead and Bashan (Numbers 32:40-42; Deuteronomy 3:14; Joshua 13:30; Judges 10:3-5; 1 Kings 4:13; 1 Chronicles 2:22-23; see “Bashan” map), those towns continued to be regarded as belonging to Manasseh. Perhaps this was in keeping with the tribe of Manasseh’s openness to inheritance by female descendants in certain cases, such as with Zelophahad’s daughters (Numbers 27; Joshua 17:1-6; see “Poster Map of the Tribe of Manasseh (West) and Its Surroundings, circa 1200 B.C.”).

Two centuries later the tribe of Judah gave rise to the enduring dynasty of King David, who initially ruled over only the tribe of Judah but eventually over all the Israelite tribes (2 Samuel 2-4; see “David and Ishbosheth” map). After the death of David’s son Solomon, however, the northern tribes revolted, leaving only Judah and Benjamin under the Davidic dynasty’s domain (1 Kings 12; 2 Chronicles 10; see “The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah” map). Several decades after the northern kingdom was exiled by the Assyrians (2 Kings 15:29; 1 Chronicles 5:26; see “Israelites Are Exiled to Assyria” map) the kingdom of Judah suffered a similar fate at the hands of the Babylonians (Daniel 1; 2 Kings 24-25; 2 Chronicles 36; Jeremiah 39; 52; see “Judah Is Exiled to Babylon” map). Unlike the northern kingdom, however, Judah was typically allowed to maintain their common identity and religious distinctives during their time in exile (see The Land of Exile map), thus fostering their sense of continuity with the past tribe and kingdom of Judah.

Parallel 1 CHR 4:4

Poster Map of the Towns and Clans of Eastern Judah, circa 1200 B.C.

Parallel 1 CHR 4:4