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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) knowing that the old personality was executed with him so that sin would have no more power over our bodies and hence we no longer need to serve it![]()
OET-LV this knowing that the old of_us person was_executed_on_a_stake_with him, in_order_that may_be_nullified the body of_ the _sin, that no_longer to_be_serving us the for_sin.
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SR-GNT τοῦτο γινώσκοντες ὅτι ὁ παλαιὸς ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη, ἵνα καταργηθῇ τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ. ‡
(touto ginōskontes hoti ho palaios haʸmōn anthrōpos sunestaurōthaʸ, hina katargaʸthaʸ to sōma taʸs hamartias, tou maʸketi douleuein haʸmas taʸ hamartia.)
Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
ULT knowing this, that our old man was crucified together with him in order that the body of sin might be nullified, for it to no longer enslave us to the sin.
UST We know that God also did away with our former sinful way of living when people crucified Jesus. He did this in order to totally remove the way sin controls us, so that we no longer have to live sinfully.
BSB We know that our old self was crucified with [Him] so that the body of sin might be rendered powerless, [that] we {should} no longer be slaves to sin.
MSB (Same as BSB above)
BLB knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, so that the body of sin might be annulled, that we are no longer enslaved to sin.
AICNT knowing this, that our old man[fn] was crucified with him, so that the body of sin might be rendered powerless, that we should no longer be slaves to sin;
6:6, our old man: Or self.
OEB We recognise the truth that our old self was crucified with Christ, in order that the body, the stronghold of sin, might be rendered powerless, so that we should no longer be slaves to sin.
WEBBE knowing this, that our old man was crucified with him, that the body of sin might be done away with, so that we would no longer be in bondage to sin.
WMBB (Same as above)
NET We know that our old man was crucified with him so that the body of sin would no longer dominate us, so that we would no longer be enslaved to sin.
LSV knowing this, that our old man was crucified with [Him], that the body of sin may be made useless, for our no longer serving sin,
FBV We know that our old self was crucified with him to dispose of the dead body of sin so that we wouldn't be enslaved by sin any longer.
TCNT For we know that our old self has been crucified with him so that the body of sin might be done away with, and we might no longer be enslaved to sin.
T4T We must keep remembering that when Christ died on the cross [MET], it was as though our sinful nature died with him. It has lost its power to make us do what it wants us to do [MET]. That happened in order that we would not do the sinful things that our bodies [MET], which desire to sin, want us to do, and in order that we would no longer have to sin [MET], as slaves have to do what their masters want.
LEB knowing this, that our old man was crucified together with him, in order that the body of sin may be done away with, that we may no longer be enslaved to sin.
BBE Being conscious that our old man was put to death on the cross with him, so that the body of sin might be put away, and we might no longer be servants to sin.
Moff knowing as we do that our old self has been crucified with him in order to crush the sinful body and free us from any further slavery to sin
Wymth This we know—that our old self was nailed to the cross with Him, in order that our sinful nature might be deprived of its power, so that we should no longer be the slaves of sin;
ASV knowing this, that our old man was crucified with him, that the body of sin might be done away, that so we should no longer be in bondage to sin;
DRA Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin may be destroyed, to the end that we may serve sin no longer.
YLT this knowing, that our old man was crucified with [him], that the body of the sin may be made useless, for our no longer serving the sin;
Drby knowing this, that our old man has been crucified with [him], that the body of sin might be annulled, that we should no longer serve sin.
RV knowing this, that our old man was crucified with him, that the body of sin might be done away, that so we should no longer be in bondage to sin;
SLT Knowing this, that our old man was crucified together, that the body of sin might be left inactive, for us no more to serve sin.
Wbstr Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him , that the body of sin may be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin.
KJB-1769 Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin.
KJB-1611 Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the bodie of sinne might bee destroyed, that hencefoorth we should not serue sinne.
(Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the bodie of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin.)
Bshps Knowyng this, that our olde man is crucified with hym also, that the body of sinne might vtterly be destroyed, that hencefoorth we shoulde not serue sinne.
(Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him also, that the body of sin might utterly be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin.)
Gnva Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sinne might be destroied, that henceforth we should not serue sinne.
(Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin. )
Cvdl For so moch as we knowe, that oure olde man is crucified with him, that the synfull body mighte ceasse, that hence forth we shulde serue synne no more.
(For so much as we know, that our old man is crucified with him, that the sinful body might cease, that henceforth we should serve sin no more.)
TNT This we must remember that oure olde man is crucified with him also that the body of synne myght vtterly be destroyed that hence forth we shuld not be servauntes of synne.
(This we must remember that our old man is crucified with him also that the body of sin might utterly be destroyed that henceforth we should not be servants of sin. )
Wycl witynge this thing, that oure olde man is crucified togidere, that the bodi of synne be distruyed, that we serue no more to synne.
(witing this thing, that our old man is crucified together, that the body of sin be distruyed, that we serve no more to sin.)
Luth dieweil wir wissen, daß unser alter Mensch samt ihm gekreuziget ist, auf daß der sündliche Leib aufhöre, daß wir hinfort der Sünde nicht dienen.
(meanwhile we/us realise, that our alter person together_with him crucified is, on/in/to that the/of_the sündliche body on/in/tohöre, that we/us henceforth the/of_the sin(n) not serve/be_of_service.)
ClVg Hoc scientes, quia vetus homo noster simul crucifixus est, ut destruatur corpus peccati, et ultra non serviamus peccato.[fn]
(This knowing, because old/aged human our at_the_same_time crucified it_is, as be_destroyed body of_sin, and beyond/besides not/no serviamus sin. )
6.6 Vetus homo. Id est, veteres actus sunt crucifixi, id est, mortui. Vetustas nostra et maledictio in duobus consistit, scilicet, in culpa et pœna. Christus autem sua simpla vetustate nostram duplam consumpsit. In sepulcro enim uno die et duabus noctibus quievit. Per unum diem simpla ejus vetustas signatur, per duas vero noctes gemina nostra; unde: Culpam nostram Christus delevit præsentem, præteritam, et futuram. Præteritam remittendo, præsentem ab ea retrahendo, futuram ut vitaremus gratiam conferendo. Pœnam quoque similiter consumpsit, gehennalem prorsus delendo, ut eam vere pœnitentes non sentiant. Temporalem vero non penitus quidem tulit: manet enim fames, sitis, mors et hujusmodi; sed regnum et dominium ejus dejecit, et in novissimo penitus exterminabit.
6.6 Old human. That it_is, old_people action are crucified, that it_is, dead. Oldtas our and cursedo in/into/on for_two consists, namely, in/into/on guilt and punishment. Christ/Messiah however his_own simpla old_age ours duplam consumed. In grave/tomb because one day and two at_night he_rested. Per one day simpla his old/agedtas is_signed, through two indeed/however at_nights gemina our; from_where/who: Culpam ours Christ/Messiah delevit present(sg), passed_away/past_tense, and future. Præteritam remittendo, present(sg) away them retrahendo, future as avoidmus grace conferendo. Pœnam too likewise consumed, gehennalem completely delendo, as her really/truly penitents not/no let_them_feel. Temporalem indeed/however not/no completely indeed took: remains because hungers, thirsts, death and of_this_kind; but kingdom and masterum his threw_down, and in/into/on the_last completely exterminabit.
UGNT τοῦτο γινώσκοντες, ὅτι ὁ παλαιὸς ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη, ἵνα καταργηθῇ τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ.
(touto ginōskontes, hoti ho palaios haʸmōn anthrōpos sunestaurōthaʸ, hina katargaʸthaʸ to sōma taʸs hamartias, tou maʸketi douleuein haʸmas taʸ hamartia.)
SBL-GNT τοῦτο γινώσκοντες ὅτι ὁ παλαιὸς ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη, ἵνα καταργηθῇ τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ,
(touto ginōskontes hoti ho palaios haʸmōn anthrōpos sunestaurōthaʸ, hina katargaʸthaʸ to sōma taʸs hamartias, tou maʸketi douleuein haʸmas taʸ hamartia,)
RP-GNT τοῦτο γινώσκοντες, ὅτι ὁ παλαιὸς ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη, ἵνα καταργηθῇ τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ·
(touto ginōskontes, hoti ho palaios haʸmōn anthrōpos sunestaurōthaʸ, hina katargaʸthaʸ to sōma taʸs hamartias, tou maʸketi douleuein haʸmas taʸ hamartia;)
TC-GNT τοῦτο γινώσκοντες, ὅτι ὁ παλαιὸς ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη, ἵνα καταργηθῇ τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ·
(touto ginōskontes, hoti ho palaios haʸmōn anthrōpos sunestaurōthaʸ, hina katargaʸthaʸ to sōma taʸs hamartias, tou maʸketi douleuein haʸmas taʸ hamartia; )
Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs (from our SR-GNT base).
6:6 our old sinful selves: Our “old selves” are not a nature that we possess or just one part of who we are; it reflects who we were in Adam. All human beings were born “in Adam.” As heirs of the sin and death that he introduced into the world (5:12), we were slaves to the power of sin. But as people who are now in Christ, we have gone through crucifixion with him (see also Gal 2:20). When he died on the cross, we also died to the dominating power of sin that ruled in our former selves.
In this section, Paul told the believers in Rome that they should not continue to sin, because baptism symbolizes death to sin. Jesus’ resurrection symbolizes the new life that believers can live in. The believers’ old way of life is crucified on the cross of Jesus so that they have no need to follow the desires to sin. Believers will live new lives for God and death no longer rules them, because Jesus died and was raised for them. Therefore believers should consider themselves dead to sin and do the good deeds that God wants them to do. God’s grace removes believers from the rule of sin in their lives.
Here are other possible headings for this section:
Believers are dead to sin, so they must live for God
Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ (NIV)
We are no longer slaves to sin, but God’s servants
We know that our old self was crucified with Him
¶ We(incl) realize this: the kind of people we used to be was nailed to the cross with him,
¶ And it is clear to us that God ended/destroyed our former bad/sinful way of life when the Christ/Messiah was crucified,
¶ For we know that when people nailed him to the cross, God also put our old bad character/life there as if to die with him/Jesus,
The Greek here has no conjunction. Paul continued to support what he said in 6:4. Some languages would use “and” to indicate that kind of connection. Some languages would repeat “for” from 6:5. For example:
And (GNT)
For (NIV)
We know that our old self: The Greek is literally “knowing this that our old person.” The word “this” introduces the words that follow. The word that also introduces those words. For example:
We know this: that our old self…
In many languages it is more natural to translate only “this” or that. For example:
We know this: our old self…
We know that our old self…
We know: This introduces something that Paul knew, and perhaps others of his co-workers knew also. He wanted his readers to know it, so he included them in knowing this, whether they actually did or not. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:
realizing (NJB)
now it is clear to us
our old self was crucified with Him: This clause is passive. Some languages must use an active clause here. It is hard to know what these words imply about who did the crucifying. Scholars mention that this occurred at our baptism but not who did it.
If you cannot use a passive clause, you may want to:
Add a general reference that does not refer to anyone in particular. For example:
they crucified our old self with him/Jesus
Use the words “die on a cross,” or similar. For example:
our old self died on the cross with him/Jesus
our old self: This phrase refers to the kind of people that believers were before they started believing in Jesus. We all lived according to the ways of this world and lived a life of sin. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:
our old being (GNT)
the person we used to be (GW)
our old humanity (REB)
our former lifeKankanaey Back Translation on TW.
our former sinful nature/waysTagbanwa Back Translation on TW.
crucified with Him: The word crucified refers to being nailed to a cross and hanging there until dead. Here it is a metaphor for the destruction of our old self. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:
put to death with Christ on his cross (GNT)
nailed to the cross with him
was included in his being nailed to the crossKankanaey Back Translation on TW.
Some languages must translate the metaphor as a simile to make the meaning clear. For example:
like nailed along with Cristo on the crossTagbanwa Back Translation on TW.
as if it was nailed along with Christ on the cross so that it might dieWestern Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation on TW.
so that the body of sin might be rendered powerless,
so that the existence that was ruled by sin would be destroyed,
and so God/he destroyed that life of sin,
(NIV:) so that the body of sin might be done away with: The phrase so that introduces a purpose for crucifying the old self. God has already done away with the body of sin. In some languages a purpose clause would indicate that this has not happened yet. If that is true in your language, use a result clause. For example:
and so the body of sin has been done away with
(NIV:) the body of sin might be done away with: This clause is passive. Some languages must use an active clause. As with “was crucified” above, it is not clear who did this action (done away). For example:
they might do away with the body of sin
the body of sin might become nothing
(NIV:) the body of sin: The Greek word that the NIV translates as body refers here to the whole person.Cranfield (page 309) and Schreiner (page 316). It refers to all of what we are as human beings. The words of sin indicate that sin rules the lives of people.
In many languages a literal translation would not have the correct meaning. If that is true in your language, translate the meaning. For example:
the self which belonged to sin (NJB)
sin…in our lives (NLT)
our always having to sin was removedWestern Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation on TW.
(NIV:) might be done away with: There are two ways to interpret the Greek word here:
It means destroy here. For example:
might be destroyed (RSV) (RSV, NIV, GNT, NJB, NASB, NABRE, KJV, GW, REB)
It means lose its power here. For example:
might lose its power (NLT) (BSB, ESV, NLT, NET, NCV)
It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because the BDAG and other scholars support it.
that we should no longer be slaves to sin.
and so that we would no longer under the rule of sin.
and so also sin no longer rules/leads us.
that we should no longer be slaves to sin: The word that introduces a second purpose for crucifying the old self. For example:
so that the sinful body might be destroyed, and we might no longer be enslaved to sin (RSV)
In some languages a purpose clause would indicate that this has not happened yet. If that is true in your language, use a result clause. For example:
and also so we are no longer enslaved to sin
we should no longer be slaves to sin: The words be slaves is a metaphor. It indicates that we would no longer be like a slave to sin, obeying every sinful thought. Some languages must translate the meaning another way. For example:
we would no longer be like slaves to sin
no longer does sin rule us as though it were our bossesOtomi Back Translation on TW.
be slaves to sin: The phrase be slaves refers to being made a slave, someone owned by another person, to do his/her will all day long. They worked for their owner/master without receiving pay, but the owner gave them food, clothing, and shelter. They had very few rights of their own.
In some cultures, slaves may not be known. In other cultures, the word for slave may imply different customs than in biblical culture. If that is true in your language, here are some ways to translate this:
made a person who belonged to sin
caused to be an owned person of sin
made a person who serves sin
made a worker/servant of sin
The words be slaves is a metaphor for being completely under the rule of someone or something. Some languages may need to avoid the metaphor to make the meaning clear. For example:
made to be under the rule of sin
made a person lead by sin
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
ὁ παλαιὸς ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη
the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: τοῦτο γινώσκοντες ὅτι ὁ παλαιός ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη ἵνα καταργηθῇ τό σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμάς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ)
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [God crucified our old man together with him]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ὁ παλαιὸς ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη
the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: τοῦτο γινώσκοντες ὅτι ὁ παλαιός ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη ἵνα καταργηθῇ τό σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμάς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ)
Paul speaks of our sinful human nature as if it were an old man who was nailed to the same cross as Christ. Paul means that when Christ was crucified, he destroyed the power of sin and death that controlled all humans. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [God destroyed the power of sin that controlled people when Christ was crucified]
Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns
συνεσταυρώθη
˓was˒_crucified_with_‹him›
The pronoun him refers to Christ. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [was crucified with Christ]
Note 4 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal
ἵνα
in_order_that
Here, in order that introduces a purpose clause. Paul is stating the purpose for which God crucified our old man. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): [so that]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
καταργηθῇ τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας
˓may_be˒_nullified (Some words not found in SR-GNT: τοῦτο γινώσκοντες ὅτι ὁ παλαιός ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη ἵνα καταργηθῇ τό σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμάς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ)
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Paul implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: [God might nullify the body of sin]
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
καταργηθῇ τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας
˓may_be˒_nullified (Some words not found in SR-GNT: τοῦτο γινώσκοντες ὅτι ὁ παλαιός ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη ἵνα καταργηθῇ τό σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμάς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ)
Paul speaks of the body of sin as if it were a condition of slavery that could be cancelled. He means that Christ’s crucifixion removed the ability of sinful desires to control people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [God might completely end how living sinfully controls people]
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / possession
τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: τοῦτο γινώσκοντες ὅτι ὁ παλαιός ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη ἵνα καταργηθῇ τό σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμάς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ)
Paul is using the possessive form to describe how the body is related to sin. Use a natural way in your language to express this idea. Here, the body of sin could refer to: (1) how humans tend to sin. Alternate translation: [our human tendency to sin] or [how living sinfully controls us] (2) how sin controls the human body. Alternate translation: [how sin controls our bodies]
Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns
ἁμαρτίας & ἁμαρτίᾳ
˱of˲_sin & ˱for˲_sin
See how you translated sin in [6:1](../06/01.md).
Note 9 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal
τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν
that no_longer ˓to_be˒_serving
Here, for could indicate: (1) God’s purpose for nullifying the body of sin. Alternate translation: [in order for it to no longer enslave] (2) the result of the body of sin being nullified. Alternate translation: [causing it to no longer enslave]
Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ
that no_longer ˓to_be˒_serving (Some words not found in SR-GNT: τοῦτο γινώσκοντες ὅτι ὁ παλαιός ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη ἵνα καταργηθῇ τό σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμάς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ)
Paul speaks of the body of sin as if it could enslave people. Here he means that the desire to sin that controls people would no longer do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [for it to no longer make us live sinfully]