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Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clearImportance=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV)King Hadadezer (from Tsovah)called for Aramean warriors from beyond the Euphrates River and theycame to Heylam. Shovak was Hadadezer’s army commander.
Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXΚαὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ἀδρααζὰρ, καὶ συνήγαγε τὴν Συρίαν τὴν ἐκ τοῦ πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ Χαλαμὰκ, καὶ παρεγένοντο Αἱλάμ· καὶ Σωβὰκ ἄρχων τῆς δυνάμεως Ἀδρααζὰρ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν. (Kai apesteilen Adraʼazar, kai sunaʸgage taʸn Surian taʸn ek tou peran tou potamou Ⱪalamak, kai paregenonto Hailam; kai Sōbak arⱪōn taʸs dunameōs Adraʼazar emprosthen autōn. )
BrTrAnd Adraazar sent and gathered the Syrians from the other side of the river [fn]Chalamak, and they came to Ælam; and Sobac the captain of the host of Adraazar was[fn]at their head.
ULTAnd Hadadezer sent, and he brought out Aram, who was from beyond the River, and they came to Helam. And Shobak the captain of the army of Hadadezer was to their faces.
USTTheir king, Hadadezer, summoned the soldiers of Aram who lived on the east side of the Euphrates River. They gathered at the city of Helam. Their commander was Shobak.
BSBHadadezer sent messengers to bring more Arameans from beyond the Euphrates,[fn] and they came to Helam with Shobach [fn] the commander of Hadadezer’s army leading them.
10:16Shobach is a variant of Shophach; see 1 Chronicles 19:16.
OEBand sent, and brought out the Arameans who were beyond the River (Euphrates), and they came to Helam with Shobach, the commander of the army of Hadadezer, at their head.
WEBBEHadadezer sent and brought out the Syrians who were beyond the River; and they came to Helam, with Shobach the captain of the army of Hadadezer at their head.
NETThen Hadadezer sent for Arameans from beyond the Euphrates River, and they came to Helam. Shobach, the general in command of Hadadezer’s army, led them.
LSVand Hadadezer sends, and brings out Aram which [is] beyond the River, and they come to Helam, and Shobach, head of the host of Hadadezer, [is] before them.
FBVHadadezer sent for more Arameans to be brought from beyond the Euphrates River. They arrived in Helam under the leadership of Shobach, commander of Hadadezer's army.
T4TTheir king, Hadadezer, summoned the soldiers of Syria who lived on the east side of the Euphrates River. They gathered at Helam city. Their commander was Shobach.
LEBThen Hadadezer sent and brought out the Arameans who were beyond the Euphrates, and they came to Helam. Now Shobach, the commander of the army of Hadadezer, was at their head.[fn]
BBEAnd Hadadezer sent for the Aramaeans who were on the other side of the River: and they came to Helam, with Shobach, the captain of Hadadezer's army, at their head.
JPSAnd Hadadezer sent, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River; and they came to Helam, with Shobach the captain of the host of Hadadezer at their head.
ASVAnd Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the River: and they came to Helam, with Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.
DRAAnd Adarezer sent and fetched the Syrians, that were beyond the river, and brought over their army: and Sobach, the captain of the host of Adarezer, was their general.
YLTand Hadadezer sendeth, and bringeth out Aram which [is] beyond the River, and they come in to Helam, and Shobach head of the host of Hadadezer [is] before them.
DrbyAnd Hadarezer sent, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river; and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer [went] before them.
RVAnd Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the River: and they came to Helam, with Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.
WbstrAnd Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river: and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.
KJB-1769And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river: and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.[fn][fn]
KJB-1611And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the riuer, and they came to Helam, and Shobach the captaine of the hoste of Hadarezer went before them. (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)
BshpsAnd Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the ryuer, and they came to Helam: & Zoba the captayne of the hoast of Hadarezer went hefore them. (And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river, and they came to Helam: and Zoba the captain of the host of Hadarezer went hefore them.)
GnvaAnd Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Aramites that were beyond the Riuer: and they came to Helam, and Shobach the captaine of the hoste of Hadarezer went before them. (And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Aramites that were beyond the River: and they came to Helam, and Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them. )
CvdlAnd Hadad Eser sent & broughte out ye Syrians beyonde the water, and conueyed their power in, & Sobath the chefe captayne of Hadad Eser wente before the. (And Hadad Eser sent and brought out ye/you_all Syrians beyond the water, and conveyed their power in, and Sobath the chief captain of Hadad Eser went before them.)
WyclAnd Adadezer sente, and ledde out men of Sirie that weren biyende the flood, and he brouyte the oost of hem; sotheli Sobach, mayster of the chyualrie of Adadezer, was the prince of hem. (And Adadezer sent, and led out men of Sirie that were beyond the flood, and he brought the oost of hem; truly Sobach, mayest/mayr of the chyualrie of Adadezer, was the prince of them.)
LuthUnd Hadadeser sandte hin und brachte heraus die Syrer jenseit des Wassers und führete herein ihre Macht; und Sobach, der Feldhauptmann Hadadesers, zog vor ihnen her. (And Hadadeser sent there and brought heraus the Syrer beyond the waters and führete herein their/her Macht; and Sobach, the/of_the Feldhauptmann Hadadesers, pulled before/in_front_of to_them her.)
ClVgMisitque Adarezer, et eduxit Syros qui erant trans fluvium, et adduxit eorum exercitum: Sobach autem, magister militiæ Adarezer, erat princeps eorum. (Misitque Adarezer, and eduxit Syros who they_were across fluvium, and adduxit their exercitum: Sobach however, magister militiæ Adarezer, was prince their. )
10:16Hadadezer: See study note on 10:1. • Helam is unknown. • Apparently David had extended his empire as far north as the Euphrates River (see also study note on 8:3).
(Some words not found in UHB: and,sent Hₐdadˊezer and,brought_out DOM ʼArām which/who at,beyond the=river and=they_came Ḩēylām and,Shobach chief army Hₐdadˊezer at,head,them )
These are the names of men.
(Occurrence 0) from beyond the Euphrates River
(Some words not found in UHB: and,sent Hₐdadˊezer and,brought_out DOM ʼArām which/who at,beyond the=river and=they_came Ḩēylām and,Shobach chief army Hₐdadˊezer at,head,them )
(Some words not found in UHB: and,sent Hₐdadˊezer and,brought_out DOM ʼArām which/who at,beyond the=river and=they_came Ḩēylām and,Shobach chief army Hₐdadˊezer at,head,them )
Here “came to” can be translated as “went to” or “gathered at”
(Some words not found in UHB: and,sent Hₐdadˊezer and,brought_out DOM ʼArām which/who at,beyond the=river and=they_came Ḩēylām and,Shobach chief army Hₐdadˊezer at,head,them )
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
