OET interlinear REV 18:2

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἔπεσεν, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη

fell (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

See how you translated the similar expression in [14:8](../14/08.md). Alternate translation: [Babylon the Great has been destroyed] or [God has destroyed Babylon the Great]

Note 2 topic: translate-textvariants

ἔπεσεν, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη

fell (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

Some ancient manuscripts read, Babylon the Great has fallen. ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the Great.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT.

Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns

ἐγένετο

˱it˲_became

As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the pronoun she refers to the city of Babylon. People in this culture conventionally referred to cities with feminine pronouns. Your language may use a different gender. You could also use a noun. Alternate translation: [it has become] or [that city has become]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου

˓a˒_dwelling_place ˱of˲_demons (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. The angel is speaking in a Hebrew style of poetry, and Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition. It would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if such repetition would not be natural in your language, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: [an abode of demons, yes, a hold of every unclean spirit]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole

φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου , καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

The angel says every here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: [she has become overrun with unclean spirits and with unclean and detested birds]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου , καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

The angel is speaking as if these spirits and birds were literally in a hold, that is, a prison or other place where they were watched or guarded and could not leave. He means that the spirits and birds are now able to linger in the ruins of Babylon. Your language may have terms for places where animals and birds stay. Alternate translation: [a den of every unclean spirit and a roost of every unclean and detested bird]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου

bird unclean (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

The terms unclean and detested mean similar things. The angel is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: [loathsome bird]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ μεμισημένου

bird unclean (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ λέγων Ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλών ἡ μεγάλη Καί ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων καί φυλακή παντός πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καί φυλακή παντός ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καί μεμισημένου)

The angel assumes that his listeners will understand that these birds are unclean and detested according to the law of Moses because they eat dead animals. You can say that explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [unclean and detested bird that eats dead animals] or [loathsome bird that eats dead animals]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

μεμισημένου

˓having_been˒_hated

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [detestable]