REV 18:7 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. ὅσα
2. hosos
3. as much as
4. -
5. 37450
6. R····ANP
7. as_much_as
8. as_much_as
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164231
1. ἐδόξασεν
2. doxazō
3. she glorified
4. -
5. 13920
6. VIAA3··S
7. ˱she˲ glorified
8. ˱she˲ glorified
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164232
1. αὐτήν
2. autos
3. herself
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AFS
7. herself
8. herself
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164233
1. ἑαυτήν
2. heautou
3. -
4. -
5. 14380
6. R···3AFS
7. herself
8. herself
9. -
10. -
11. 164234
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164235
1. ἐστρηνίασεν
2. strēniaō
3. lived sensuously
4. lived
5. 47630
6. VIAA3··S
7. lived_sensuously
8. lived_sensuously
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164236
1. τοσοῦτον
2. tosoutos
3. so much
4. -
5. 51180
6. R····AMS
7. so_much
8. so_much
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164237
1. δότε
2. didōmi
3. give
4. give
5. 13250
6. VMAA2··P
7. give
8. give
9. -
10. Y96; R164168
11. 164238
1. αὐτῇ
2. autos
3. to her
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3DFS
7. ˱to˲ her
8. ˱to˲ her
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164239
1. βάσανον
2. basanos
3. -
4. -
5. 9310
6. N····AFS
7. torment
8. torment
9. -
10. -
11. 164240
1. βασανισμόν
2. basanismos
3. torment
4. -
5. 9290
6. N····AMS
7. torment
8. torment
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164241
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164242
1. πένθος
2. penthos
3. mourning
4. -
5. 39970
6. N····ANS
7. mourning
8. mourning
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164243
1. Ὅτι
2. hoti
3. Because
4. Because
5. 37540
6. C·······
7. because
8. because
9. S
10. Y96
11. 164244
1. ἐν
2. en
3. in
4. -
5. 17220
6. P·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164245
1. τῇ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····DFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164246
1. καρδίᾳ
2. kardia
3. heart
4. -
5. 25880
6. N····DFS
7. heart
8. heart
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164247
1. αὐτῆς
2. autos
3. of her
4. her
5. 8460
6. R···3GFS
7. ˱of˲ her
8. ˱of˲ her
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164248
1. λέγει
2. legō
3. she is saying
4. -
5. 30040
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˱she˲ ˓is˒ saying
8. ˱she˲ ˓is˒ saying
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164249
1. ὅτι
2. hoti
3. that
4. -
5. 37540
6. C·······
7. ¬that
8. ¬that
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164250
1. Κάθημαι
2. kathēmai
3. I am sitting
4. -
5. 25210
6. VIPM1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ sitting
8. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ sitting
9. B
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164251
1. βασιλεύουσα
2. basileuō
3. -
4. -
5. 9360
6. VPPA·NFS
7. reigning
8. reigning
9. -
10. -
11. 164252
1. βασίλισσα
2. basilissa
3. queen
4. queen
5. 9380
6. N····NFS
7. queen
8. queen
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164253
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164254
1. χήρα
2. χēra
3. +a widow
4. widow
5. 55030
6. N····NFS
7. ˓a˒ widow
8. ˓a˒ widow
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164255
1. οὐκ
2. ou
3. not
4. -
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164256
1. εἰμί
2. eimi
3. I am
4. -
5. 15100
6. VIPA1··S
7. ˱I˲ am
8. ˱I˲ am
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164257
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164258
1. πένθος
2. penthos
3. mourning
4. -
5. 39970
6. N····ANS
7. mourning
8. mourning
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164259
1. οὒ
2. ou
3. by no means
4. -
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. by_no_means
8. by_no_means
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164260
1. μή
2. mē
3. not
4. -
5. 33610
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164261
1. εἰδῶ
2. eidō
3. -
4. -
5. 14920
6. VSEA1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓may_have˒ known
8. ˱I˲ ˓may_have˒ known
9. -
10. -
11. 164262
1. ἴδω
2. horaō
3. I may see
4. -
5. 37080
6. VSAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓may˒ see
8. ˱I˲ ˓may˒ see
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164263

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 18:1–24: Announcements/Messages about Babylon

In this section, three heavenly beings each announce something about Babylon. The first announcement is that the city is destroyed. Her riches and prosperity have been taken away.

The second announcement is that God’s people should leave Babylon before God destroys her. It also describes how kings and others mourn over the destroyed city.

The third announcement is that Babylon will never be built again.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

An angel announced that Babylon was destroyed, and some groups are sad

Announcements about the destruction of Babylon

Various people talk about Babylon

18:7a–b

In 18:6a, the speaker urged his listeners to punish Babylon equal to the harm she had done to others. Here in 18:7a–b the speaker urged them to punish Babylon equal to the glory and luxury that she had given to herself.

As much as she has glorified herself and lived in luxury, give her the same measure of torment and grief: The speaker asked his listeners to make her suffering of equal measure to the glory and luxury that she had given to herself. However, in some languages a verb other than give must be used for the correct meaning. For example:

Measure out torment and grief to match her pomp and luxury! (REB)

Punish her with torture and grief as great as the glory and luxury she took for herself!

See the quantity of her glory and her luxury that she provided/bought for herself? Make the quantity of her torture and grief equal to that.

The BSB reverses the order of the two Greek clauses. See the General Comment at the end of 18:7b.

18:7a

As much as she has glorified herself and lived in luxury,

As she glorified herself and lived in luxury,
As much as she exalted herself and bought many fancy/expensive things for herself,

as she has glorified herself: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as glorified is related to the word “glory.” Glory refers to brightness. It symbolizes greatness, power, splendor, and majesty. Babylon was proud and wanted everyone to admire her and be impressed by her greatness. Other ways to translate this word are:

as the glory…she gave herself (NIV11)

majesty

lived in luxury: The Greek word here refers to things that satisfy sensual desires. See how you translated the word “luxury” in 18:3.

18:7b

give her the same measure of torment and grief.

to the same amount torment her and cause her grief.
cause her suffering/pain and grieving just as much.

give her…torment: This phrase refers to causing someone to suffer and feel pain. Other ways to translate this word are:

cause pain

Give…torture (NIV84)

make suffer

See how you translated this phrase in 9:5.

grief: This word here refers to the distress someone feels when suffering greatly. For example:

agony (NJB)

General Comment on 18:7a–b

The Greek has the basis (18:7a) before the command (18:7b), as reflected in the BSB. Some English versions reverse this order. For example:

Give her as much torment and grief as the glory and luxury she gave herself (NIV11)

In some languages it is necessary or more natural to have the basis first, as modeled by the BSB.

18:7c

In her heart she says,

For she proudly says in her heart,
For she treasures this thought:

18:7c begins with the conjunction often translated as “because.” The conjunction introduces the reason for the speaker urging his listeners to punish her. For example:

For (GNT)

In her heart she says: Here the phrase In her heart refers to what the woman truly thinks. It indicates that 18:7d–e is her great desire. Use the usual word or phrase that is used in your language to indicate the origin of thoughts, desires, purposes, and intentions. It might be a different organ such as “liver,” or it might be a general word such as “insides.” Other ways to translate this phrase are:

she boasts to herself in her mind

she proudly thinks deep inside

says: The BSB literally represents the Greek here. But the words of 18:7d–e are boastful, so some English versions use the word “boasts” here, as in the NIV.

18:7d

‘I sit as queen;

‘Here I sit, a queen! (GNT)
‘I am queen here on my throne.

I sit as queen: This clause indicates that the woman had great authority, like a queen. She was proud of her powerful position. Other ways to translate this clause are:

Here I sit, a queen! (GNT)

I am enthroned as queen (NJB)

18:7e

I am not a widow and will never see grief.’

I am not helpless/destitute like a widow. I will never suffer!’
I am not dependent on others, and I will never grieve.’

I am not a widow: The word widow is a metaphor here. The woman claimed she would not be like a woman who has lost her husband. She boasted that she would not be left without anyone to take care of her or that she could take care of herself. Many English versions translate this clause literally. For example:

I am no widow (NJB)

In some languages a literal translation would not have the figurative meaning above. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate the literal meaning and explain its figurative meaning in a footnote. For example:
The woman claims she will never be helpless and dependent on others, as widows often were when John wrote this book.
Translate the metaphor as a simile. For example:
I am not like a widow
Explain the meaning in your translation. For example:
I am not helpless like a widow
I am not dependent on others like a widow
Translate the meaning without the figure of speech. For example:
I am not helpless
I am not dependent on others You may then want to include a footnote to indicate the literal meaning. For example:
Literally: “I am not a widow.”

see grief: This word is the same Greek word that the BSB translates as “grief” in 18:7b. You may want to translate it with the same word here.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / quotesinquotes

ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει, ὅτι κάθημαι βασίλισσα & καὶ χήρα οὐκ εἰμί καὶ πένθος οὐ μὴ ἴδω

in the heart ˱of˲_her ˱she˲_˓is˒_saying ¬that (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅσα ἐδόξασεν αὐτήν καί ἐστρηνίασεν τοσοῦτον δότε αὐτῇ βασανισμόν καί πένθος Ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει ὅτι Κάθημαι βασίλισσα καί χήρα οὐκ εἰμί καί πένθος οὒ μή ἴδω)

If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: [she says in her heart that she sits as a queen and that she is not a widow and that she will not see mourning at all]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει

in the heart ˱of˲_her ˱she˲_˓is˒_saying

Here the heart figuratively represents the thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: [she thinks to herself]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

κάθημαι βασίλισσα

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅσα ἐδόξασεν αὐτήν καί ἐστρηνίασεν τοσοῦτον δότε αὐτῇ βασανισμόν καί πένθος Ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει ὅτι Κάθημαι βασίλισσα καί χήρα οὐκ εἰμί καί πένθος οὒ μή ἴδω)

Here the word sit means “to be.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [I am a queen]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

χήρα οὐκ εἰμί

˓a˒_widow not ˱I˲_am

Babylon is referring to herself as not being dependent on anyone by association with the way that a widow in this culture likely would be dependent on others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [I am not dependent on anyone]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

πένθος οὐ μὴ ἴδω

mourning mourning (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ὅσα ἐδόξασεν αὐτήν καί ἐστρηνίασεν τοσοῦτον δότε αὐτῇ βασανισμόν καί πένθος Ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει ὅτι Κάθημαι βασίλισσα καί χήρα οὐκ εἰμί καί πένθος οὒ μή ἴδω)

Here the word see means “to experience.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [I will not experience any mourning at all]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. as much as
2. -
3. 37450
5. hosos
6. R-····ANP
7. as_much_as
8. as_much_as
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164231
1. she glorified
2. -
3. 13920
5. doxazō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. ˱she˲ glorified
8. ˱she˲ glorified
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164232
1. herself
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3AFS
7. herself
8. herself
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164233
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164235
1. lived sensuously
2. lived
3. 47630
5. strēniaō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. lived_sensuously
8. lived_sensuously
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164236
1. so much
2. -
3. 51180
5. tosoutos
6. R-····AMS
7. so_much
8. so_much
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164237
1. give
2. give
3. 13250
5. didōmi
6. V-MAA2··P
7. give
8. give
9. -
10. Y96; R164168
11. 164238
1. to her
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3DFS
7. ˱to˲ her
8. ˱to˲ her
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164239
1. torment
2. -
3. 9290
5. basanismos
6. N-····AMS
7. torment
8. torment
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164241
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164242
1. mourning
2. -
3. 39970
5. penthos
6. N-····ANS
7. mourning
8. mourning
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164243
1. Because
2. Because
3. 37540
4. S
5. hoti
6. C-·······
7. because
8. because
9. S
10. Y96
11. 164244
1. in
2. -
3. 17220
5. en
6. P-·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164245
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····DFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164246
1. heart
2. -
3. 25880
5. kardia
6. N-····DFS
7. heart
8. heart
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164247
1. of her
2. her
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3GFS
7. ˱of˲ her
8. ˱of˲ her
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164248
1. she is saying
2. -
3. 30040
5. legō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˱she˲ ˓is˒ saying
8. ˱she˲ ˓is˒ saying
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164249
1. that
2. -
3. 37540
5. hoti
6. C-·······
7. ¬that
8. ¬that
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164250
1. I am sitting
2. -
3. 25210
4. B
5. kathēmai
6. V-IPM1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ sitting
8. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ sitting
9. B
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164251
1. queen
2. queen
3. 9380
5. basilissa
6. N-····NFS
7. queen
8. queen
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164253
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164254
1. +a widow
2. widow
3. 55030
5. χēra
6. N-····NFS
7. ˓a˒ widow
8. ˓a˒ widow
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164255
1. not
2. -
3. 37560
5. ou
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164256
1. I am
2. -
3. 15100
5. eimi
6. V-IPA1··S
7. ˱I˲ am
8. ˱I˲ am
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164257
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164258
1. mourning
2. -
3. 39970
5. penthos
6. N-····ANS
7. mourning
8. mourning
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164259
1. by no means
2. -
3. 37560
5. ou
6. D-·······
7. by_no_means
8. by_no_means
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164260
1. not
2. -
3. 33610
5. mē
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y96
11. 164261
1. I may see
2. -
3. 37080
5. horaō
6. V-SAA1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓may˒ see
8. ˱I˲ ˓may˒ see
9. -
10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
11. 164263

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear REV 18:7

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)