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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
Rev C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22
Rev 18 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V24
OET (OET-LV) and the_light of_lamp by_no_means not may_shine in you anymore, and the_voice of_a_bridegroom and of_a_bride by_no_means not may_be_heard in you anymore, because the merchants of_you were the magnates of_the earth, because by the sorcery of_you were_deceived all the nations.
OET (OET-RV) There definitely won’t be any more lamps illuminating you, nor will there be any more happy wedding sounds. Your merchants were the best in the world because all the nations were deceived by your witchcraft.
In this section, three heavenly beings each announce something about Babylon. The first announcement is that the city is destroyed. Her riches and prosperity have been taken away.
The second announcement is that God’s people should leave Babylon before God destroys her. It also describes how kings and others mourn over the destroyed city.
The third announcement is that Babylon will never be built again.
Other examples of headings for this section are:
An angel announced that Babylon was destroyed, and some groups are sad
Announcements about the destruction of Babylon
Various people talk about Babylon
The light of a lamp will never shine in you again,
The light of a lamp will not shine in you any more.
Not a single light from a lamp will ever shine in that city again.
The light of a lamp will never shine in you again: This clause indicates in several more ways that no one will live in Babylon after this time. Other ways to translate this clause are:
Never again will the light of a lamp be seen in you (GNT)
No one will ever live in you, so no lamp will ever shine in you again
lamp: A lamp in Jesus’ time was a small clay bowl in which people burned oil. The bowl was shaped to hold a wick on one side. See how you translated this word in 1:12.
and the voices of a bride and bridegroom will never call out in you again.
The voice of bridegroom and bride will not be heard in you any more.
No one will ever hear people getting married in that city again.
and the voices of a bride and bridegroom will never call out in you again: This indicates that people will not get married in Babylon after this time. This is because no one will live there. In Greek, this clause is passive. Some languages must use an active clause, as the BSB models.
bride: The word refers to the woman about to marry.
bridegroom: The word refers to the man about to marry.
For your merchants were the great ones of the earth,
You were destroyed because your merchants were the world’s most influential people,
That city is now desolate because its sellers became the magnates/tycoons of the world
For: This conjunction introduces the reason why God will destroy the city identified as Babylon. Some English versions allow the context to imply its meaning and so do not translate this conjunction.
your merchants were the great ones of the earth: The city’s merchants were the world’s great men in the sense that they were very rich and powerful. The people of the city bought many expensive things. Therefore, the merchants became rich from all that selling. This wealth made them very powerful. Other ways to translate this clause are:
Its merchants were the important people of the world (GW)
Your businessmen were the most powerful in the whole world
merchants: This word refers to those who buy, sell, and trade as a job. See how you translated this word in 18:3 or 18:15.
the great ones of the earth: The merchants were great because they had a lot of wealth and influence over others. They were greater than all others. For example:
the greatest in the world (NLT)
because all the nations were deceived by your sorcery.”
and all the nations were led astray by your sorcery,
and because that city deceived all of the nations with her clever lies which worked like sorcery.
because: This Greek conjunction indicates that 18:23d is the second reason why the city was destroyed. It remained empty and ruined, as described in 18:21c–23a. For example:
and (RSV)
all the nations were deceived by your sorcery: The phrase were deceived by your sorcery is passive. Some languages must use an active clause. For example:
By your sorcery you deceived all the nations
sorcery: The Greek word refers figuratively to how this city cleverly deceived the nations. Then they were eager to follow her. For example:
you deceived the nations with your sorceries (NLT)
See how you translated this word in 9:21.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / apostrophe
ἐν σοὶ & ἐν σοὶ
in in by (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)
As in verse 22, for emphasis the angel is speaking directly to the city of Babylon even though he knows that the city cannot hear him. If someone speaking your language would not do this, you could translate this as the angel speaking about Babylon rather than to Babylon. Alternate translation: [in her … in her]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
φωνὴ νυμφίου καὶ νύμφης οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [no one at all will hear the voice of a bridegroom and a bride]
Note 3 topic: grammar-collectivenouns
φωνὴ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)
Since the angel is referring to two people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of voice or the dual form if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: [the voices]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
in in by the sorcery (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [you deceived all the nations by your sorcery]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
in in by the sorcery (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)
The angel is speaking as if these Babylon had literally used sorcery to deceive the nations. He likely means that Babylon made living in excessive luxury seem attractive and acceptable. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [you influenced all the nations to try to live in luxury]
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole
πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)
The angel says all here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: [nations throughout the world]
OET (OET-LV) and the_light of_lamp by_no_means not may_shine in you anymore, and the_voice of_a_bridegroom and of_a_bride by_no_means not may_be_heard in you anymore, because the merchants of_you were the magnates of_the earth, because by the sorcery of_you were_deceived all the nations.
OET (OET-RV) There definitely won’t be any more lamps illuminating you, nor will there be any more happy wedding sounds. Your merchants were the best in the world because all the nations were deceived by your witchcraft.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.