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InterlinearVerse GENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOBJOSJDGRUTH1 SAM2 SAMPSAAMOSHOS1 KI2 KI1 CHR2 CHRPROVECCSNGJOELMICISAZEPHABJERLAMYNA (JNA)NAHOBADANEZEEZRAESTNEHHAGZECMALLAOGESLESESGDNG2 PSTOBJDTWISSIRBARLJEPAZSUSBELMAN1 MAC2 MAC3 MAC4 MACYHN (JHN)MARKMATLUKEACTsYAC (JAM)GAL1 TH2 TH1 COR2 CORROMCOLPHMEPHPHP1 TIMTIT1 PET2 PET2 TIMHEBYUD (JUD)1 YHN (1 JHN)2 YHN (2 JHN)3 YHN (3 JHN)REV

Rev C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10C11C12C13C14C15C16C17C18C19C20C21C22

Rev 18 V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8V9V10V11V12V13V14V15V16V17V18V19V20V21V22V24

OET interlinear REV 18:23

 REV 18:23 ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164731
    1. φῶς
    2. fōs
    3. +the light
    4. -
    5. 54570
    6. N····NNS
    7. ˓the˒ light
    8. ˓the˒ light
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164732
    1. λύχνου
    2. luχnos
    3. of lamp
    4. -
    5. 30880
    6. N····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ lamp
    8. ˱of˲ lamp
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164733
    1. οὒ
    2. ou
    3. by no means
    4. -
    5. 37560
    6. D·······
    7. by_no_means
    8. by_no_means
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164734
    1. μή
    2. not
    3. won't
    4. 33610
    5. D·······
    6. not
    7. not
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164735
    1. φάνῃ
    2. fainō
    3. may shine
    4. -
    5. 53160
    6. VSAA3··S
    7. ˓may˒ shine
    8. ˓may˒ shine
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164736
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164737
    1. σοί
    2. su
    3. you
    4. -
    5. 47710
    6. R···2D·S
    7. you
    8. you
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164738
    1. ἔτι
    2. eti
    3. anymore
    4. -
    5. 20890
    6. D·······
    7. anymore
    8. anymore
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164739
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164740
    1. φωνή
    2. fōnē
    3. +the voice
    4. -
    5. 54560
    6. N····NFS
    7. ˓the˒ voice
    8. ˓the˒ voice
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164741
    1. φωνήν
    2. fōnē
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 54560
    6. N····AFS
    7. ˓the˒ voice
    8. ˓the˒ voice
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164742
    1. νυμφίου
    2. numfios
    3. of +a bridegroom
    4. -
    5. 35660
    6. N····GMS
    7. ˱of˲ ˓a˒ bridegroom
    8. ˱of˲ ˓a˒ bridegroom
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164743
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164744
    1. φωνή
    2. fōnē
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 54560
    6. N····NFS
    7. ˓the˒ voice
    8. ˓the˒ voice
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164745
    1. νύμφης
    2. numfē
    3. of +a bride
    4. -
    5. 35650
    6. N····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ ˓a˒ bride
    8. ˱of˲ ˓a˒ bride
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164746
    1. οὒ
    2. ou
    3. by no means
    4. -
    5. 37560
    6. D·······
    7. by_no_means
    8. by_no_means
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164747
    1. μή
    2. not
    3. -
    4. 33610
    5. D·······
    6. not
    7. not
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164748
    1. ἀκουσθῇ
    2. akouō
    3. may be heard
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VSAP3··S
    7. ˓may_be˒ heard
    8. ˓may_be˒ heard
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164749
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164750
    1. σοί
    2. su
    3. you
    4. -
    5. 47710
    6. R···2D·S
    7. you
    8. you
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164751
    1. ἔτι
    2. eti
    3. anymore
    4. -
    5. 20890
    6. D·······
    7. anymore
    8. anymore
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164752
    1. ὅτι
    2. hoti
    3. because
    4. -
    5. 37540
    6. C·······
    7. because
    8. because
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164753
    1. οἱ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164754
    1. ἔμποροι
    2. emporos
    3. merchants
    4. merchants
    5. 17130
    6. N····NMP
    7. merchants
    8. merchants
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164755
    1. σοῦ
    2. su
    3. of you
    4. Your your
    5. 47710
    6. R···2G·S
    7. ˱of˲ you
    8. ˱of˲ you
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164756
    1. ἦσαν
    2. eimi
    3. were
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIIA3··P
    7. were
    8. were
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164757
    1. οἱ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164758
    1. μεγιστᾶνες
    2. megistan
    3. magnates
    4. -
    5. 31750
    6. N····NMP
    7. magnates
    8. magnates
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164759
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. of the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164760
    1. γῆς
    2. earth
    3. -
    4. 10930
    5. N····GFS
    6. earth
    7. earth
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164761
    1. ὅτι
    2. hoti
    3. because
    4. -
    5. 37540
    6. C·······
    7. because
    8. because
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164762
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. by
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. by
    8. by
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164763
    1. τῇ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164764
    1. φαρμακείᾳ
    2. farmakeia
    3. sorcery
    4. -
    5. 53310
    6. N····DFS
    7. sorcery
    8. sorcery
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164765
    1. σοῦ
    2. su
    3. of you
    4. -
    5. 47710
    6. R···2G·S
    7. ˱of˲ you
    8. ˱of˲ you
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164766
    1. ἐπλανήθησαν
    2. planaō
    3. were deceived
    4. deceived
    5. 41050
    6. VIAP3··P
    7. ˓were˒ deceived
    8. ˓were˒ deceived
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164767
    1. παντᾶ
    2. pas
    3. all
    4. -
    5. 39560
    6. E····NNP
    7. all
    8. all
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164768
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NNP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164769
    1. ἔθνη
    2. ethnos
    3. nations
    4. nations
    5. 14840
    6. N····NNP
    7. nations
    8. nations
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164770

OET (OET-LV)and the_light of_lamp by_no_means not may_shine in you anymore, and the_voice of_a_bridegroom and of_a_bride by_no_means not may_be_heard in you anymore, because the merchants of_you were the magnates of_the earth, because by the sorcery of_you were_deceived all the nations.

OET (OET-RV)There definitely won’t be any more lamps illuminating you, nor will there be any more happy wedding sounds. Your merchants were the best in the world because all the nations were deceived by your witchcraft.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 18:1–24: Announcements/Messages about Babylon

In this section, three heavenly beings each announce something about Babylon. The first announcement is that the city is destroyed. Her riches and prosperity have been taken away.

The second announcement is that God’s people should leave Babylon before God destroys her. It also describes how kings and others mourn over the destroyed city.

The third announcement is that Babylon will never be built again.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

An angel announced that Babylon was destroyed, and some groups are sad

Announcements about the destruction of Babylon

Various people talk about Babylon

18:23a

The light of a lamp will never shine in you again,

The light of a lamp will never shine in you again: This clause indicates in several more ways that no one will live in Babylon after this time. Other ways to translate this clause are:

Never again will the light of a lamp be seen in you (GNT)

No one will ever live in you, so no lamp will ever shine in you again

lamp: A lamp in Jesus’ time was a small clay bowl in which people burned oil. The bowl was shaped to hold a wick on one side. See how you translated this word in 1:12.

18:23b

and the voices of a bride and bridegroom will never call out in you again.

and the voices of a bride and bridegroom will never call out in you again: This indicates that people will not get married in Babylon after this time. This is because no one will live there. In Greek, this clause is passive. Some languages must use an active clause, as the BSB models.

bride: The word refers to the woman about to marry.

bridegroom: The word refers to the man about to marry.

18:23c

For your merchants were the great ones of the earth,

For: This conjunction introduces the reason why God will destroy the city identified as Babylon. Some English versions allow the context to imply its meaning and so do not translate this conjunction.

your merchants were the great ones of the earth: The city’s merchants were the world’s great men in the sense that they were very rich and powerful. The people of the city bought many expensive things. Therefore, the merchants became rich from all that selling. This wealth made them very powerful. Other ways to translate this clause are:

Its merchants were the important people of the world (GW)

Your businessmen were the most powerful in the whole world

merchants: This word refers to those who buy, sell, and trade as a job. See how you translated this word in 18:3 or 18:15.

the great ones of the earth: The merchants were great because they had a lot of wealth and influence over others. They were greater than all others. For example:

the greatest in the world (NLT)

18:23d

because all the nations were deceived by your sorcery.”

because: This Greek conjunction indicates that 18:23d is the second reason why the city was destroyed. It remained empty and ruined, as described in 18:21c–23a. For example:

and (RSV)

all the nations were deceived by your sorcery: The phrase were deceived by your sorcery is passive. Some languages must use an active clause. For example:

By your sorcery you deceived all the nations

sorcery: The Greek word refers figuratively to how this city cleverly deceived the nations. Then they were eager to follow her. For example:

you deceived the nations with your sorceries (NLT)

See how you translated this word in 9:21.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / apostrophe

ἐν σοὶ & ἐν σοὶ

in in by (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)

As in verse 22, for emphasis the angel is speaking directly to the city of Babylon even though he knows that the city cannot hear him. If someone speaking your language would not do this, you could translate this as the angel speaking about Babylon rather than to Babylon. Alternate translation: [in her … in her]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

φωνὴ νυμφίου καὶ νύμφης οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [no one at all will hear the voice of a bridegroom and a bride]

Note 3 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

φωνὴ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)

Since the angel is referring to two people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of voice or the dual form if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: [the voices]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη

in in by the sorcery (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [you deceived all the nations by your sorcery]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη

in in by the sorcery (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)

The angel is speaking as if these Babylon had literally used sorcery to deceive the nations. He likely means that Babylon made living in excessive luxury seem attractive and acceptable. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [you influenced all the nations to try to live in luxury]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole

πάντα τὰ ἔθνη

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί φῶς λύχνου οὒ μή φάνῃ ἐν σοί ἔτι καί φωνή νυμφίου καί νύμφης οὒ μή ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοί ἔτι ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροι σοῦ ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σοῦ ἐπλανήθησαν παντᾶ τά ἔθνη)

The angel says all here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: [nations throughout the world]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    4. kai
    5. C-·······
    6. and
    7. and
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164731
    1. +the light
    2. -
    3. 54570
    4. fōs
    5. N-····NNS
    6. ˓the˒ light
    7. ˓the˒ light
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164732
    1. of lamp
    2. -
    3. 30880
    4. luχnos
    5. N-····GMS
    6. ˱of˲ lamp
    7. ˱of˲ lamp
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164733
    1. by no means
    2. -
    3. 37560
    4. ou
    5. D-·······
    6. by_no_means
    7. by_no_means
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164734
    1. not
    2. won't
    3. 33610
    4. D-·······
    5. not
    6. not
    7. -
    8. Y96
    9. 164735
    1. may shine
    2. -
    3. 53160
    4. fainō
    5. V-SAA3··S
    6. ˓may˒ shine
    7. ˓may˒ shine
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164736
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    4. en
    5. P-·······
    6. in
    7. in
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164737
    1. you
    2. -
    3. 47710
    4. su
    5. R-···2D·S
    6. you
    7. you
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164738
    1. anymore
    2. -
    3. 20890
    4. eti
    5. D-·······
    6. anymore
    7. anymore
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164739
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    4. kai
    5. C-·······
    6. and
    7. and
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164740
    1. +the voice
    2. -
    3. 54560
    4. fōnē
    5. N-····NFS
    6. ˓the˒ voice
    7. ˓the˒ voice
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164741
    1. of +a bridegroom
    2. -
    3. 35660
    4. numfios
    5. N-····GMS
    6. ˱of˲ ˓a˒ bridegroom
    7. ˱of˲ ˓a˒ bridegroom
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164743
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    4. kai
    5. C-·······
    6. and
    7. and
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164744
    1. of +a bride
    2. -
    3. 35650
    4. numfē
    5. N-····GFS
    6. ˱of˲ ˓a˒ bride
    7. ˱of˲ ˓a˒ bride
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164746
    1. by no means
    2. -
    3. 37560
    4. ou
    5. D-·······
    6. by_no_means
    7. by_no_means
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164747
    1. not
    2. -
    3. 33610
    4. D-·······
    5. not
    6. not
    7. -
    8. Y96
    9. 164748
    1. may be heard
    2. -
    3. 1910
    4. akouō
    5. V-SAP3··S
    6. ˓may_be˒ heard
    7. ˓may_be˒ heard
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164749
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    4. en
    5. P-·······
    6. in
    7. in
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164750
    1. you
    2. -
    3. 47710
    4. su
    5. R-···2D·S
    6. you
    7. you
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164751
    1. anymore
    2. -
    3. 20890
    4. eti
    5. D-·······
    6. anymore
    7. anymore
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164752
    1. because
    2. -
    3. 37540
    4. hoti
    5. C-·······
    6. because
    7. because
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164753
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-····NMP
    6. the
    7. the
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164754
    1. merchants
    2. merchants
    3. 17130
    4. emporos
    5. N-····NMP
    6. merchants
    7. merchants
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164755
    1. of you
    2. Your your
    3. 47710
    4. su
    5. R-···2G·S
    6. ˱of˲ you
    7. ˱of˲ you
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164756
    1. were
    2. -
    3. 15100
    4. eimi
    5. V-IIA3··P
    6. were
    7. were
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164757
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-····NMP
    6. the
    7. the
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164758
    1. magnates
    2. -
    3. 31750
    4. megistan
    5. N-····NMP
    6. magnates
    7. magnates
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164759
    1. of the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-····GFS
    6. ˱of˲ the
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164760
    1. earth
    2. -
    3. 10930
    4. N-····GFS
    5. earth
    6. earth
    7. -
    8. Y96
    9. 164761
    1. because
    2. -
    3. 37540
    4. hoti
    5. C-·······
    6. because
    7. because
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164762
    1. by
    2. -
    3. 17220
    4. en
    5. P-·······
    6. by
    7. by
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164763
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-····DFS
    6. the
    7. the
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164764
    1. sorcery
    2. -
    3. 53310
    4. farmakeia
    5. N-····DFS
    6. sorcery
    7. sorcery
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164765
    1. of you
    2. -
    3. 47710
    4. su
    5. R-···2G·S
    6. ˱of˲ you
    7. ˱of˲ you
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164766
    1. were deceived
    2. deceived
    3. 41050
    4. planaō
    5. V-IAP3··P
    6. ˓were˒ deceived
    7. ˓were˒ deceived
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164767
    1. all
    2. -
    3. 39560
    4. pas
    5. E-····NNP
    6. all
    7. all
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164768
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. ho
    5. E-····NNP
    6. the
    7. the
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164769
    1. nations
    2. nations
    3. 14840
    4. ethnos
    5. N-····NNP
    6. nations
    7. nations
    8. -
    9. Y96
    10. 164770

OET (OET-LV)and the_light of_lamp by_no_means not may_shine in you anymore, and the_voice of_a_bridegroom and of_a_bride by_no_means not may_be_heard in you anymore, because the merchants of_you were the magnates of_the earth, because by the sorcery of_you were_deceived all the nations.

OET (OET-RV)There definitely won’t be any more lamps illuminating you, nor will there be any more happy wedding sounds. Your merchants were the best in the world because all the nations were deceived by your witchcraft.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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 REV 18:23 ©